• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2003

118 종 국내산 식물체의 에탄올 추출물을 대상으로 기주식물상의 온실실험조건에서 6 종의 주요 식물병원균에 대해 방제효과를 조사한 결과 살균효과는 식물의 종류 및 채집부위에 따라 커다란 차이를 보였다. 118 종 207 샘플을 2,000ppm 농도로 처리하였을 때 두 종 이상의 병원균에 90% 이상의 방제효과를 나타 낸 식물체는 측백나무 잎, 육계나무 잎, 비목나무 수피 및 잎, 잣나무 목부, 헛개나무 목부, 모감주나무 수피, 때죽나무 목부, 동백나무 잎, 그리고 빗죽이나무 잎이었다. 특히 헛개나무 목부 추출물은 여러 식물병원 균에 대하여 강함 살균효과를 나타내어 방제에 크게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1204-1209
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• 2001

본 연구는 한국에 널리 분포되어 있는 대표적인 침엽수중에 혈액지질에 영향을 미치는 성분이 있는지를 검색하는 것을 목적으로 시도되었다. 1차적으로 미국측백과 뚝향나무의 유기 용매와 수용성 추출물을 흰쥐에게 경구 투여하여 체중 증가, 장기 무게, 혈액지질성분 및 혈당의 변화를 관찰하였다. 추출물의 섭취는 체중증가와 간, 신장, 비장과 같은 장기무게에 유의적인 차이가 없어 일반적인 성장에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 체내 저장지방은 뚝향나무의 유기용매층 섭취군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 그리고 혈청내 총 지방량은 고지방 대조군이 저지방 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 뚝향나무의 유기용매층이 유의적으로 낮아 뚝 향나무의 유기용매층이 혈액 지질저하 효과가 있는 것으로 선정되었다. 2차적으로 뚝향나무의 유기용매층을 3분획하여 횐쥐를 대상으로 혈액지질성분과 혈당, 빈혈지표등을 관찰하였다. 결과를 보면 JCDM2가 체내 지방축적량을 유의적으로 낮추었으며, 혈청내 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방량이 유의적이지는 않으나 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 JCDM2의 50%이상을 차지하고 있는 물질로 communic acid가 순수 분리되었다. 본 연구는 아직 시도되지 않았던 수목의 혈액내 지질 저하효과를 관찰하는 기초연구로 실험 결과, 뚝향나무의 유기용매층에서 효과가 있었으며 그 주요 물질은 communic acid로 관찰되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-94
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• 1995

A total of 394 plant species in 74 families planted in home gardens, public building gardens, campuses of elementaiy, middle, and high schools, and universities, recreation areas, city parks, loeal and national ways, and highways from 1.21 local areal in Korea were surveyed- A comparison of the surveyed species to nation-widei.y growing species in those areas were studied. the results obtained were as follows : 1. The ratio of evergreen to deciduous plant species was 38.1:61,9 and that of tree:scrub:vine was 54:40.9:5.1. 2. The ratio of evergreen to deciduous plant species was 27.5:72.5 among total 276 land-scape plant species surveyed in Seoul and Kyongki-do province. The ratios were 32:68 in Kwangwon-do, 36.1:63.9 ill Chungchongbuk-do, 37:61 iii Chungchongnanl-do, 36.4:63.6 in Kyungsangbuk-do, 39.2:60.8 고 Kyungsangaaal-do, 35.7:64.5 in Jollabuk-do, 40.6:59.4 in Jollanam-do, and 43.1 :56.9 in Cheju-do. This results tell that more evergreen species are growing in the southern than in northern region in Korea. 3. Plants with 100% frequency in national planting were 8 species inclubing Forsythia koreana 91-99% were 6 species including Taxus cuspidata, 81-90% were 13 species including Magnolia liilflora, 71-80% were 10 speces including Buxus microphylla val, koreana, 61-70% were 13 species including Thuja occiduntakus, 51-60% were 15 species including Pius thunbergii, 41-50% were 15 species including Kerria japonica, 31-40% were 17 species including Cryptomeria japonica, 21-30% were 28 species including Viturnum awabuki, and below 20% were 267 species including Koelreuteria paniculata. 4 Uppermost north latitude of planting distribution of major temperature species was sum- marized as follows: Although it has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica is possible to grow in areas around -47, the result from this study shows that Cryptomeria japonica grows normally in Choonchun Seoul, Samchuck, and Kwangryeung, etc. , and is possible to grow normally in the areas with approximately -6$^{\circ}C$ in an average temperature in January, where are -2$^{\circ}C$ colder than the reported temperature, but locally warm Phyllostachys bambusoides is distributed to Mt. Kumkang and Mt. Sulak, and also planted in Seoul, Kwangryeung, and Chunchon.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2004

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for monumental old trees in Korea through analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi provinces were surveyed for biological characteristics, surrounding environments, root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics. Relationships among root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics were analyzed by correlation. The old solitary trees designated as natural monuments included Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees), Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 3.56 to 67m, and root collar diameter ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. The monumental old trees were growing on the various sites ranging from gardens, historical sites, open agricultural fields, mountain hills, to near the ocean beaches and streams. The coverage of bald land ranged from 50 to 100%, and depth of filled soil around the root collar ranged from 0 to 50cm. Tree health was expressed as the amount of branch dieback, cavity development, detachment of cambial tissue, infliction by diseases and insects. The branch dieback ranged from 5 to 20%, cavity development ranged from 10 to 100$cm^3$, detachment of cambial tissue ranged from 5 to 45%, and infliction by diseases and insects ranged from 5 to 20%. Soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12 to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, while soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm. Results of correlation analysis showed that coverage of bald land was the most serious factor to deteriorate the cavity development and detachment of cambial tissue. In addition, chemical properties of soils seemed to be related to the health of the trees.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권5호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2000

본 연구는 도시형 온실 삼림욕장 개발을 목표로 하여 이 삼림욕장 조성에 이용될 후보식물들의 내음성을 조사하고자 수행되었다. 후보식물로 소나무, 장백소나무, 눈측백나무, 백리향, 인동덩굴 및 생강이 선정되어 각각 자연 전광의 50%, 30%, 10% 및 2% 로 조절된 피음포지에서 생육하였으며, 뱀고사리의 경우에는 시험용 삼림욕장내 상대광도가 자연 전광의 10~15%와 25~30%가 되는 장소에서 생육하였다. 소나무, 장백소나무, 백리향은 광도가 낮아짐에 따라 수고 및 근원경 생장과 건물질 생산량이 감소하였다. 눈측백나무와 생강은 50%에서의 생장이 오히려 대조구보다 좋았으며, 뱀고사리의 경우에는 상대광도가 낮을수록 생장이 양호하였다. 본 실험의 결과로 볼 때 소나무, 장백소나무 및 백리향은 눈측백나무와 생강에 비하여 온실 삼림욕장내에서 상대적으로 광도가 높은 장소에 적합하고, 뱀고사리는 앞으로 이러한 실내 공간에 매우 적합한 식물로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2021

The climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ranges associated with increasing temperatures, resulting in a change of species composition and community structure in the forest ecosystems. The Baekdudaegan mountain range connects most forests from the lowland to the subalpine zone in South Korea and is therefore recognized as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots. This study was conducted to understand the distribution range of vascular plants along elevational gradients through field surveys in the six national parks of the Baekdudaegan mountain range. We identified the upper and lower distribution limits of a total of 873 taxa of vascular plants with 117 families, 418 genera, 793 species, 14 subspecies, 62 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids. A total of 12 conifers were recorded along the elevational gradient. The distribution ranges of Abies koreana, Picea jezoensis, Pinus pumila, and Thuja koraiensis were limited to over 1000 m above sea level. We also identified 21 broad-leaved trees in the subalpine zone. A total of 45 Korean endemic plant species were observed, and of these, 15 taxa (including Aconitum chiisanense and Hanabusaya asiatica) showed a narrow distribution range in the subalpine zone. Our study provides valuable information on the current elevational distribution ranges of vascular plants in the six national parks of South Korea, which could serve as a baseline for vertical shifts under future climate change.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.891-905
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the plants in Yongjibong Natural Recreation Forest before construction, to provide basic data that can be used for various purposes. The survey was conducted on the planned recreational forest sites from June to September 2020. The numbers of flora are summarized as follows: 348 taxa, 95 families, 234 genera, 308 species, three subspecies, 30 varieties, and seven forma. The Korean endemic plants were of nine taxa, including Fagus engleriana, Celtis choseniana, and Broussonetia x kazinoki. The rare plants were of six taxa, including Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Hylotelephium ussuriense, Thuja orientalis, and F. engleriana; however, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, H. ussuriense, T. orientalis, and Iris ensata var. spontanea were planted species. The floristic regional indicator plants (unique plants) found in this survey area were of 33 taxa, comprising three taxa of grade V, four taxa of grade IV, nine taxa of grade III, four taxa of grade II, and 13 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were of 26 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, and P. esculenta. Among the naturalized plants, it is necessary to prevent the spread of Ambrosia trifida, Bidens frondosa, and Tagetes minuta through continuous monitoring.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2020

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on trees that can be used for planting design and construction for permanently shaded areas by grasping the growth status of trees according to the daylight conditions of the outdoor spaces of apartment complexes. Methods: On the recently completed apartment complexes, daylight conditions were analyzed by using daylight simulations utilizing Solar Access Analysis of Ecotect Analysis. With a criteria for assessment of tree condition, the defect rate of trees planted in permanently shaded areas and green spaces with good daylight conditions was analyzed to suggest trees applicable to permanently shaded areas. The first tree survey was conducted from November 18, 2019 to February 15, 2020, focusing on trees planted in permanently shaded areas, and the second tree survey of all the trees planted on the study sites including permanently shaded areas was conducted from March 16 to March 30, 2020. Results: Evergreen trees which are classified as shade intolerant trees including Pinus densiflora, Thuja occidentalis, and Abies holophylla showed a higher defect rate of trees among the trees planted in permanently shaded areas. Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, Cornus kousa, Chionanthus retusus and Acer palmatum which are classified as shade tolerant trees and shade moderate tolerance trees seemed to be able to be used in the plant design of permanently shaded areas in apartment complexes because the trees showed good growth and a low tree defect rate. In addition, although it was excluded from the analysis due to a small number of samples, Sorbus commixta and Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea also can be used for planting in permanently shaded areas. Conclusion: The daylight simulation technique used to analyze permanent shaded areas in this study can be used as an analysis tool considering the daylight environment at the stages of design and construction, and additional research will be required to analyze tree growth according to daylight conditions through data accumulation and monitoring by managing records throughout the entire life cycle of trees in the process of planting and maintenance.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.507-519
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study analyzed the growth characteristics, in relation to the soil moisture content, of trees planted in an environment with limited soil depth to provide the baseline data for effective irrigation management. Methods: The experimental treatment was divided into soil moisture contents (SMC) of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 1%, and the respective watering times were set accordingly. As for plant materials, Nandina domestica, Euonymus alatus, Thuja occidentalis, Hibiscus syriacus, Pinus densiflora, and Pyracantha angustifolia, were chosen for this study, because they are highly likely to be used in urban street environments. Results: The minimum irrigation point suitable for each species was determined by considering various aspects of visual quality and water efficiency in terms of plant growth, including characteristics such as height, root diameter, rootlet development, and weight. Our results indicate that N. domestica should be watered so that the moisture content of the soil is of at least 5%, based on the balance between the stem and roots, as well as on visual quality. E. alatus and P. angustifolia are suitable for watering that results in at least 10% SMC, considering the height, root growth, weight, and visual quality of plants. As for T. occidentalis, it showcases moderate growth with a soil moisture content of at least 5%. Finally, the minimum irrigation time required to obtain 15% SMC is appropriate, in terms of plant growth, fresh weight, and visual quality, for H. syriacus and P. densiflora. Conclusion: This study suggested a basic irrigation guideline for container gardens where trees planted in environments with limited soil depth can be managed so that they are visually appropriate and in good condition of growth.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2008

As the quality of life improves, people want to live in more pleasant environment with beautiful trees, clean air and water. They are keenly interested in environmental issues as well as living environment of apartment which is a trademark of modern life. With this situation, the function and roles of landscaping trees have been recognized as a critical factor to improve living environment. As people have asked for more demands on those trees, it has raised more issues on the defect of trees and is required the solution to those issues. So, the purpose of this study was to survey the reasons of defects and find out those solutions. The data on defects in 1990s was referenced to the reports issued by SH Corporation in 1994 and 1997. The data on defects in 2000s are collected from March, 2006 to May 2006 based on the survey for apartments already constructed by Korea Housing Corporation. The results of the survey were shown that, in the year of 1994, landscaping trees causing high rate of defects were Acer buergerianum (92%), Pinus densiflora(85.7%), Celtis sinensis(80%), Cydonia sinensis(75%) and Diospyros kaki(66.6%), and in the year of 1997, landscaping trees causing high rate of defect were Ziziphus jujuba(100%), Cornus alba(65.2%), Diospyros kaki(60%), Thuja occidentalis(60%), and Metasequoia glyptostroboides(42%). And, in the year of 2006, landscaping trees causing high rate of defect were Sophora japonica(100%), Taxus cuspidata(80%), Magnoila quinquepeta (75%), Acer palmatum(62.5%) and Ginkgo biloba(50%). Because the reasons of defects were various according to the conditions including the climate, location, time and landscaping trees carried into the work area, we present the problems and solutions to those defects. Since the landscaping trees are living creatures, the factors of defects were various and complicated according to the site condition. So, in the period of warranty, contractor should designate the tree manger who can recognize the situation and take suitable action within timely manner.