• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 1995

Post-operative wound infections have been the serious problems in nursing care in the operating room and appear to be strongly related to the infection occurring during the operation. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of contamination in saline used in the operation and also examine the correlation between the contaminated saline and the length of the operation, and unclean atmospheric factor. Subjects for this study include 13 cases of operation performed at the operative theatre of a hospital in Seoul area. Test samples and related data were collected from this medical facility between Oct. 6 through Dec. 10, 1994 by the author and anurse who worked in the operating room. For the study, multiple batches of saline sample were collected at the various time intervals duringthe operation and filtered through the membrane filters. Viable microorganisms retained on the filters were cultured on the appropriate culture media and the levels of existing cells in saline were enumerated according to Koch's method. In the analyses of the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient was obtained for the examination of relationship between the length of operation and numbers of microorganisms existing in saline and for the comparison of the differences in numbers if microrganisms in saline sample collected at the various operative stages, e. g. pre-incision, excision and skin suturing stages, ANOVA and Scheff Tests were performed. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) The lenth of the operation and numbers of microorganisms in the saline used in the operation appeared to be significantly correlated (r=0.5467, P<0,001). 2) In case of saline exposed to air, but not used in the operation, the length of exposure to the air and the numbers of microorganisms present in saline also showed an apparent correlation(r=0.5087, P<0. 001). 3) The frequencies of occurrence of microorganisms in saline used in the operation and in saline exposed only to the air in the given time showed significant differences(t=3.73, p=.0000). 4) In case of saline used in the operation, there is significant differences in its numbers of contained microorganisms between the operative stages ; pre-incision, excision, and skin suture (F=17.7500, p=.0000). 5) In case of saline exposed only to the air in the given time, there is significant differences in its numbers of contained microorganisms between the operative stages . pre-incision, excision, and skin suture(F=6.3807, p=.00031).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.341-349
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• 2004

A parallel operation of Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS) systems is used to increase power capacity of the system or to secure higher reliability at critical loads. In the conventional parallel operation, the load-sharing control to maintain the current balance is the most important, since the load-sharing is very sensitive to discord between components of each module, amplitude/phase difference, line impedance, output LC filter, and so on. To solve these problems various control algorithms are researching. However, these methods cannot apply to the different ratings of UPS. In the case, master and slave control algorithm for parallel operation is adequate. However, if the UPS ratings are different, the value of passive filters L, C is different, and it affects the sharing of current. This paper presents general problems of conventional parallel operation systems, and control strategy for parallel operation with different ratings. The validity of the proposed control strategy is investigated through simulation and experiment in the parallel operation system with two 3-phase UPS systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.625-633
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• 2021

This paper considers the development of safety operation guideline for onboard A-Frame system used to operate heavy-work ROV using dynamic simulation. Onboard A-Frame is affected by ship's behavior and large inertia by the marine environment. For this reason, safety operation guidelines are required for the safety of workers who operate ship-mounted equipment. In order to develop a guideline, it is necessary to evaluate the safety loads through real sea experiment. However, simulation method is used instead since it is difficult to conduct experiments in sea. Therefore, a procedure for safety operation analysis based on dynamic simulation that can consider ship behavior and marine environment and a safety operation table were proposed in this study. And the construction of safety operation table and guide for safety operation using the applied load and safety factor analysis results were considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.835-842
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• 2020

This paper considers a method of reproducing abnormal and fault operation for smart monitoring of thrust bearing used in wave power generation system. In order to develop smart monitoring technology, abnormal and failure data of actual equipment are required. However, it is impossible to artificially break down the actual equipment in operation due to safety and cost. To tackle this problem, a test bed that can secure data through reproduction of a faulty operating environment should be developed. Therefore, in this study, test bed that can reproduce each situation was developed and the operation result was analysis after identifying the situation to be reproduced through the failure factor analysis of the thrust bearing.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.67-78
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• 2020

This study examines the transitional situation that can be seen from the palace operation in early Joseon Dynasty. The first decades of Joseon after the nation was founded differ from the Joseon Dynasty as a whole, but rather similar with the Goryeo Dynasty. By examining "The History of Goryeo(高麗史)," it showed that palace operation during the Goryeo Dynasy was marked by the fact that a separate palace was built and resided in despite the existence of the Bongweol(本闕, main palace) as the central palace. The separation of the parent's generation and the children's generation was shown through the establishment of one's own palace. Such trait of Goryeo affected palace construction directly after the founding of Joseon. This can be shown from the characteristic of palace operation by generation. The construction of the Changdeokgung Palace(昌德宮) of King Taejong, as his own palace, is an example. Afterwards, the palace system of Joseon was established, and the space of the king and the crown prince was merged through ritual reform during the reign of King Sejong. However, the space for the parents of the king were considered separate, and this influence continued to the reign of King Seongjong. The construction of Changgyeonggung Palace(昌慶宮) during the reign of King Seongjong is an event where the king proclaimed the separation with his mother and grandmother.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.346-354
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• 1982

A Complete transposition of the great arteries combined with V.S.D, A.S.D, dextrocardia, and P.S is a rare congenital anomaly. The patient was a 10 year-old female whose complaints were frequent URI, exertional dyspnea, and cyanosis at rest since birth. Cheat X-ray films showed Dextrocardia ; situs inversus, moderate cardiomegaly, and Characteristic egg-shape heart shadow. E.K.G, Echocardiography, Cardiac Catheterization, and Angio-Cardiography were performed. Open heart Surgery was done under diagnosis of d-TGA, Dextrocardia, V.S.D, A.S.D, and P.S. At the time of Operation, Dextroeardia, T.G.A, Secndum type A.S.D, A.S.D, and P.S. At the time of Operation, Dextroeardia, T.G.A, Secndum type A.S.D. ($2.0{\times}2.0cm$. in diameter), V.S.D. type II ($1.5cm{\times}1.5cm$ in diameter), and pulmonary valvular stenosis were noted. Mustard operation using pericardial Baffle in the atrium for T.G.A. was perforsned. Teflon patch graft for closure of V.S.D. through tricuspid orifice and pulmonary Valvulotomy through pulmonary arteriotomy were performed. The post-op, low cardiac output Syndrome and dysrhythmicawere developed till Postoperative day #7, so that was controlled by inotropic and antiarrhythmic agents. After that, patient's conditions were Uneventful.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-74
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• 2003

This study has presented construction planning data or material. which can maximize the efficiency of school facilities; in other words, to utilize school facilities as local continuing education facilities in terms of use rate, as well as to make school facilities to accommodate the 7th education curricula. This study has been carried out through questionnaire survey on currently executed various curricular operation types, targeting people in charge of drawing up and operation of the curricula in liberalarts high school. The questionnaire survey has also been conducted on ideal teaching-learning type by subject, targeting teachers in charge of individual subject. The expansion of specialized curricula rooms and classrooms, as well as classrooms by level and ICT-related rooms, are required to invigorate continuing education, which utilizes smooth operation of the 7th education curricula and school facilities. I also assume that implementation of school curricula and the role as local continuing education facilities can be fulfilled, through activated deployment type and operation programs with which management of the facilities becomes easy, in order to utilize those classrooms to be used for continuing education.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2007

This study purposed to analyze problems in utilizing hardware and software invested for elementary and secondary school that were distributed through the education information project so far, and to make plans for substantial operation. In order to identify relevant problems and to draw up plans for substantial operation, this study analyzed relevant previous researches and investigated the current state of the utilization of educational information resources in school through question investigation. In addition, we visited elementary, secondary schools, and governmental departments of relevant personnel and had interviews with the people there. From this, we suggested the substance proposals of the educational information resources operation for elementary and secondary school. Therefore, the substance proposal to the information resource in education that was produced by this study would be useful to establish and execute relevant policy for elementary and secondary schools and governmental departments.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.345-350
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• 2000

The heat produced by the fission in the fuel of HANARO, 30 MW research reactor, is transferred from the primary cooling water to the secondary cooling water through heat exchangers, and the heat absorbed by the secondary cooling water is released into the atmosphere by the 33 MW cooling tower which is a mechanical induced draft and counter flow type. If the outlet temperature of cooling tower exceeds 33 of due to the loss of the cooling tower performance under reactor operation above $50\%$ of the full power, the reactor power should be reduced to half of the full power for safe operation. Therefore, the cooling capability of cooling tower should be maintained for the reactor to be normally operated. To predict the capability of cooling tower for full power reactor operation of 30 MW, the performance test of cooling tower was done at the reactor present power of 24 MW and the capability was respectively evaluated by characteristics and performance curves methods in accordance with the Code of Cooling Tower Institute of U.S.A. to confirm the reliability of evaluation. As a result, it was confirmed, through the results of each evaluation, that the cooling capability of cooling tower meets the design required heat load. Also, the equations of the performance and the characteristics curves of the cooling tower, based on the collected data during this performance test, was obtained for developing the calculation program to predict the cooling capability during reactor operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

Ministry of Education and Human Resources presented on December, 2006, 'Alternative school establishment and operation regulation' of contents that can be recognized attainments in scholarship because is authorized if alternative schools fulfill fixed condition. Even though, one time, it was true that several opinions which try to limit to adaptation school of person disqualified for school, thus, various discussion and efforts that specialized school for alternative education does to grow are appearing. However, the expectation which a lot of non authorized schools will apply is not so high because specialized school for alternative education will be controlled in free curriculum and school operation that have been administered and can not be guaranteed school's sell-regulation if acquire legal authorization. Under such social and educational background I surveyed present condition, law, system, literature investigation of existing study, Japanese system and example and authorized two sample specification schools etc. through 'A Basic Study on the Optimum Facilities Criteria Modeling of Regional Specialized Schools for Alternative Education(2006. 10)'. This study was preceded the succession and I visited 17 schools that permit investigation opening of schools among 29 that is authorized until present. So I try to find out architectural planning criteria to activate specialized school for alternative education more through analyzing school's general present condition, establishment idea, operation and specialized education plan, facilities present condition and characteristic.