• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.559-568
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• 2020

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a hormone protein that affects cell growth and proliferation, and has various medical applications. In the present study, the gene of human EGF was codon-optimized with E. coli and the expression vector was constructed by cloning into pRSET. In order to obtain the recombinant human EGF in an active form rather than an inclusion body, chaperone co-expression was attempted along with codon optimization, for the first time. The expressed human EGF was isolated in the pure form by performing Ion Exchange Chromatography in two consecutive runs. ELISA analysis showed that the activity of purified EGF was greater than 99%, which is similar to commercially available EGF. Cell proliferation test confirmed that the recombinant human EGF has the ability to promote cell proliferation of human skin fibroblasts. The human EGF expression system of this study gives a significant amount of protein, and does not require the renaturation step and the additional chromatographic system to remove a fusion contaminant, thereby providing a very useful alternative to conventional expression systems for the preparation of recombinant human EGF.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an effective neural network model for image caption generation and model transfer. This model is a kind of multi-modal recurrent neural network models. It consists of five distinct layers: a convolution neural network layer for extracting visual information from images, an embedding layer for converting each word into a low dimensional feature, a recurrent neural network layer for learning caption sentence structure, and a multi-modal layer for combining visual and language information. In this model, the recurrent neural network layer is constructed by LSTM units, which are well known to be effective for learning and transferring sequence patterns. Moreover, this model has a unique structure in which the output of the convolution neural network layer is linked not only to the input of the initial state of the recurrent neural network layer but also to the input of the multimodal layer, in order to make use of visual information extracted from the image at each recurrent step for generating the corresponding textual caption. Through various comparative experiments using open data sets such as Flickr8k, Flickr30k, and MSCOCO, we demonstrated the proposed multimodal recurrent neural network model has high performance in terms of caption accuracy and model transfer effect.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 1989

This paper is on the modeling of two-dimensional groundwater flow, which is the first step of the development of Dynamic System Model for groundwater flow and pollutant transport in subsurface porous media. The particular features of the model are its versatility and flexibility to deal with as many real-world problems as possible. Points as well as distributed sources/sinks are included to represent recharges/pumping and rainfall infiltrations. All sources/sinks can be transient or steady state. Prescribed hydraulic head on the Dirichlet boundaries and fluxes on Neumann or Cauchy boundaries can be time-dependent or constant. Sources/sinks strength over each element and node, hydraulic head at each Dirichlet boundary node and flux at each boundary segment can vary independently of each other. Either completely confined or completely unconfined aquifers, or partially confined and partially unconfined aquifers can be dealt with effectively. Discretization of a compound region with very irregular curved boundaries is made easy by including both quadrilateral and triangular elements in the formulation. Large-field problems can be solved efficiently by including a pointwise iterative solution strategy as an optional alternative to the direct elimination solution methed for the matrix equation approximating the partial differential equation of groundwater flow. The model also includes transient flow through confining leaky aquifers lying above and/or below the aquifer of interest. The model is verified against three simple cases to which analytical solutions are available. The groundwater flow model shall be combined with the model of pollutant transport in subsurface porous media. Then the combined model, with the applications of the Eigenvalue technique and the Dynamic system theory, shall be improved to the Dynamic System Model which can simulate the real groundwater flow and the pollutant transport accurately and effectively for the analyses and predictions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2A
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

In this study, an analytical studies were carried out for the buoyancy preflexion method to improve structural performance of concrete floating structures. The buoyancy preflexion means that the preflexion effects were induced to the floating structure due to the difference in buoyancy between the pontoon modules composing the floating structures. In order to verify the buoyancy preflexion effects, an analytical studies were carried out for the floating structures. The size and dimensions of FE model were determined through the structural design process. The parameter of this analytical study was length ratios of central module part, which induces buoyancy preflexion effects, to the total length. The analysis results were pre-compression on the bottom concrete slab and displacement of freeboard due to buoyancy preflexion effects. These results were processed according to the loading step, buoyancy preflexion loads on the bottom and live loads on the topside. Then, the buoyancy preflexion effects on structural performance was analyzed. As the results of this study, it was found that the buoyancy preflexion significantly influence on structural performance of floating structures. According to the length ratio, the buoyancy preflexion effects have a tendency of parabolic form and maximized at the length ratio of 40~60%. The buoyancy preflexion method is simple in principle and easy in application. Also, it can effectively induce pre-compression on the bottom concrete slab. Therefore, it can be concluded that the buoyancy preflexion method contribute to the improvement of structural performance and decreasing of the cross-sectional depth of floating structures.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - Over 90% of Domestic logistics industry is small enterprise and they are experiencing growth stagnation due to price-based competition structure rather than constructing logistics service of high added value. In order to get over this situation and pursue the development of logistics industry, strengthening its competitiveness, through inter-enterprise cooperative network build-up, would be a key alternative. Therefore, in this study, an index for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of Joint logistics business will be developed as a typical collaborative business model in logistics industry. Moreover, a strengthening competitiveness method suggests a developmental step and a key management index to mature in logistics industry. Research Design, Data, Methodology - This study is an index development research for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of logistics industry. Such a level was measured by performing a survey by targeting enterprises that participated in Joint logistics business. The targeting enterprises are typical cooperative models in logistics industry. Measurement items were developed which were based on the presented items in existing research. Question items were composed of selection type questions as answering Yes/No. They measures implementation status of corporate activity and detailed activity items measuring qualitative level. Total samples were based on 116 enterprise samples including 90 logistics enterprises and 26 shippers. In addition, by evaluating the importance for Joint logistics business recognition with personnel working level, the weight of measuring variable was extracted. This study has built an assessment tools (LPCI) on Joint logistics business cooperation level in a situation where there are no previous studies on joint logistics business, this study is meaningful for other studies. Results - As a result of analyzing LPCI presented in this study, the score of logistics enterprise was represented as 59.9 points based on full score of 100 points and that of shippers as 47.2 points and cooperation level among enterprises participated in Joint logistics business was revealed to be very low. In particular, as a result of measuring the importance between logistics enterprise and shippers, the difference by each measurement standard was represented among those enterprises. This difference is considered to be a key factor that cooperative operational conformity between logistics enterprises and shippers is represented to be low. Conclusions - As most joint logistics business, being promoted at present, is sharing facility and information with joint logistics business, it is hard to find such a joint logistics business in reality based on cooperative business model in main cooperation agents. Therefore, competitiveness of logistics industry could be strengthened by promoting joint logistics business based on their mutual cooperation among enterprises. In other words, it is to secure sustainable competitiveness of joint logistics business together with creation of new market by inter-enterprise cooperation based on integration of basic logistics business.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1995

The purpose of this research is to assess the health risk of pollutants in drinking water and recommend the guidelines and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water. This study has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 32 species of carcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 32 species of carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of raw, treated and tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 32 chemicals were analyzed. In dose-response assessment, cancer potencies, unit risk estimates and virtually safe doses of carcinogens were obtained by TOX-RISK (Version 3.1). In risk characterization of detected chemicals, health risk due to carcinogens such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, 1, 2-dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene and arsenic of tap water in several cities exceeded 10$^{-5}$ level. We suggest that non-regulated chemicals which exceed 10$^{-5}$ excess cancer risk level, such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride and 1, 2-dichloroethane, should be monitored periodically and be regulated by the Drinking Water Management Act, and database for exposure parameter of our own situation should be established.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.246-259
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• 2008

This study was to minimize the trial and error in the primary step of the C4I system(ATCIS) of the each army corps on the front line, and test the economy and efficiency was tested by reviewing related papers and the system characteristics of other countries. The relationship was researched by analyzing the collected survey data and survey data related to the user's requirement level such as the army standards, that is, commonality, timeliness, simplification, automaticity, field availability and viability, multi-stage security and interoperability, unification. The result showed that the C4I system was efficiently operated through the system reliability for the specification of the system and operation manual, maneuverability and security, adaptability of the war field and system support and management, and good education and training about system operation, and less system maintenance and supplementary element. As a result, the development plan confirmed that the continuous operator education and the construction of the maintenance, and the upgrade digitalization(C4ISR+D) with the korean characteristics based on IT of network systems, and system development of the measurement model of the operator performance must be continuously supplemented in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.81-93
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• 2013

The selection of land for fishing village development project, and the standard used to classify fishing villages has been determined based on the guidelines developed by fishing village cooperatives. The approach fishing village cooperatives follows is likely to classify fishing villages without first reflecting on the overall development environment of the region, such as other industries and workers in the area. It also acts as a barrier for business promotion or evaluation, because the cooperatives do not match the administrative districts, which are the units of administration, and the main policy enforcement agent in regional development. Against this background, this study aimed to identify categories to situate the development direction, as well as the size and distribution of fishing villages based on eup, myeon, and dong administrative units as defined by the Fishing Villages and Fishery Harbors Act. This study was based on the Census of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of 2010, and analyzed 826 eups, myeon, and dongs with fishery households using the principal component analysis, and 2-Step cluster analysis methods. Therefore, 95% of the variance was explained using the covariance matrix for types of fishing villages, but it was analyzed as one component focusing on the number and ratio of fishery households, and used the cluster-type analysis, which focused on the sizes of fishing villages. The clusters were categorized into three types: (1) the development type based on the number of fishermen in the eups, myeons and dongs was analyzed as village size (682); (2) administrative district size (121); and (3) total eups, myeons and dongs (23), which revealed that the size of most fishing villages was small. We could explain 73% of the variance using the correlation coefficient matrix, which was divided into three types according to the three principal component scores, namely fishery household power, fishery industry power, and fishing village tourism power. Most fishing villages did not have a clear development direction because all business areas within the region were diversified, and 552 regions could be categorized under the harmonious development type, which is in need of balanced development. The fishery industry type typified by industrial strength included 159 regions in need of an approach based on industrialization of fishery product processing. Specialized production areas, which specialized in producing fishery products, were 115 regions with a high percentage of fishermen. The analysis results indicated that various situations in terms of size and development of fishing villages existed. However, because several regions exist in the form of small village units, it was necessary to approach the project in a manner that directed the diversification of regional development projects, such as places for local residents to relax or enjoy tourism experiences within the region, while considering the overall conditions of the relevant eups, myeons, and dongs. Reinforcement of individual support for fishermen based on the Fisheries Act must take precedence over providing support for fishermen through regional development. In addition, it is necessary to approach the development of fishing villages by focusing on industrializing the processing techniques of fishery products. Areas specialized in the production of fishery products are required to consider the facilities for fisheries production, and must make efforts to increase fishery resources, such as releasing fry.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1178-1191
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• 2008

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine Powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract on expression of IL-1RA, $IL-1{\beta}$$, IL-6, IL-10, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, CD68, CD11b and AChE (3) and the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and increased IL-1RA, IL-10 in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured step-through latency. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$$, $L-1{\beta}$ protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder significantly decreased AChE activity in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus. and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The results suggest that the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2013

The main goal of the research is to develop instructional consulting manual to help math teachers improve classroom teaching. Improving the quality of teaching in schools is stressed as a central focus of meaningful classroom instruction and high quality education. In this research, teaching consulting was defined as an activity that covers reflection process oriented towards formative assessment and continuing professional development. Within this context, subject-specific teaching consulting and teaching professionalism with focus on PCK was reviewed. Further, the questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of teaching consulting and teachers' needs for consulting. And also, specific examples of subject-specific consulting based on our previous consulting experiences in math classes were shown. Alternative ways to improve subject teaching were derived through the conferences where consultants and consultees analyze video-taped lessons conducted by the consultees. By those results, a manual for invigorating teaching consulting was developed. The contents of the manual consists of setting conditions of teaching consulting and its implementation in the classroom teaching. The first part of the manual contains steps to establish teaching consulting system, the qualification and role of the consultant, system evaluation, etc. The second part of the manual presents the pre-preparation, prescription and implementation and follow-up management steps. Each part of the manual provides consultants with specific guidelines for each step. Finally, recommendations for making policy related to ways to invigorate teaching consulting was suggested. It is expected that specific examples and cases of subject-specific teaching consulting presented in this research will be used to narrow the gap between theory and practice of teaching consulting, and to help math, science and English teachers develop teaching professionalism.