• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2017

In order to develop fermented silkworm "Dongchunghacho" (Paecilomyces tenuipes) with improved absorption and increased effectiveness, we fermented Dongchunghacho using four kinds of microorganisms, viz., lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Natto bacillus, and yeast. A total of 15 samples were fermented using a combination of microbial inoculation culture and conditions to produce fermentation products. The contents of basic components such as sugar, reducing sugar, protein, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid were examined as well as the antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, and thrombolytic activities of the fermented products were analyzed. We observed that reducing sugar and protein contents decreased in most of the fermented products, but the products fermented using yeast exhibited higher sugar content and, thus, higher sweetness. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity did not increase in fermented products compared to non-fermented Dongchunghachos, but total flavonoid content and tyrosinase inhibitory and thrombolytic activities increased by fermentation. In particular, total flavonoid content and tyrosinase inhibitory and thrombolytic activities primarily increased in the products fermented using yeast and lactic acid bacteria. However, it was not possible to confirm the increase in these activities in samples fermented by single fermentation using only yeast. Therefore, we propose that it will be possible to develop fermented food from silkworm Dongchunghacho (P. tenuipes) with excellent health benefits through additional study of multiple fermentation conditions using lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.724-730
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• 1999

Characteristics and enzyme activity comparison was made between urokinase isolated from urine and pro-urokinase separated from CHO(Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell culture broth. Both of purified urokinase and pro-urokinase resulted 54Kd single band in electrophoresis. Urokinase which was proved as a single molecule by gel filtration showed two separated 33Kd and 21Kd bands by 2-mercaptoethanol reduction. Isoelectric forcusing resulted same pl value of 8.6 for both of them. N-terminal amino acid sequence of urokinase after 159th Ile was Ile-Gly-Gly-Glu-Phe-Thr-Thr-Ile-Glu which was different from another N-terminal sequence of Ser-Asn-Glu-Leu-His-Gln-Val-Pro-Ser-Asn. Thrombolytic activities of both of them were propotional to the enzyme concentration. Urokinase showed thrombolytic activities in an short period of reaction time. Pro-urokinase, however, showed high thrombolytic activity for 2 hours or longer period of reaction time.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.288.1-288.1
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• 2007

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2023

While the survival rate of preterm infants has increased dramatically over the last few decades, intraventricular hemorrhage and subsequent hydrocephalus remain major unsolved problems in neonatal intensive care. Once intraventricular hemorrhage occurs, severe neurological sequelae are inevitable. Treatment of this complicated pathology and achievement of favorable neurofunctional outcomes in fragile infants are crucial challenges for pediatric neurosurgeons. Fibrinolytic therapy, which chemically dissolves hematoma, is a promising and useful treatment method. In this paper, the historical background of fibrinolytic therapy for post-intraventricular hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants is reviewed and a recent method of fibrinolytic therapy using urokinase is introduced.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2016

Four dogs were brought to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University (VMTH SNU) with a history of hind limb ataxia, three with pain, one without pain. Three of the four showed weak to absent femoral pulses and cold extremities. Thromboembolism was identified by ultrasonography in the external and/or internal iliac arteries. A thrombolytic agent, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), was administered (0.5-1 mg/kg, every 60-120 min, 3-5 doses). Two dogs (Cases 2 and 3), which were instantly provided rt-PA treatment, survived 6 and 17 months, respectively, although hematemesis and hematochezia were observed during treatment. In the other two dogs (Cases 1 and 4), rt-PA was administered 4 and 28 days after the appearance of pelvic limb symptoms, which may have limited the benefits of the treatment. When rt-PA treatment is instituted instantly and the side effects are monitored thoroughly during treatment, a good prognosis might be expected in canine aortic thromboembolism. For this reason, we suggest that rt-PA treatment should be initiated immediately if thromboembolism is identified.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1449-1459
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• 2015

A novel proteolytic enzyme with fibrinolytic activity, FSP3, was purified from the recently isolated Streptomyces sp. P3, which is a novel bacterial strain isolated from soil. FSP3 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange, and gel filtration. FSP3 is considered to be a single peptide chain with a molecular mass of 44 kDa. The maximum activity of the enzyme was observed at 50℃ and pH 6.5, and the enzyme was stable between pH 6 and 8 and below 40℃. In a fibrin plate assay, FSP3 showed more potent fibrinolytic activity than urokinase, which is a clinical thrombolytic agent acting as a plasminogen activitor. The activity was strongly inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor PMSF, indicating that it is a serine protease. Additionally, metal ions showed different effects on the activity. It was significantly suppressed by Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ and completely inhibited by Cu²⁺, but slightly enhanced by Fe²⁺. According to LC-MS/MS results, its partial amino acid sequences are significantly dissimilar from those of previously reported fibrinolytic enzymes. The sequence of a DNA fragment encoding FSP3 contained an open reading frame of 1287 base pairs encoding 428 amino acids. FSP3 is a bifunctional enzyme in nature. It hydrolyzes the fibrin directly and activates plasminogen, which may reduce the occurrence of side effects. These results suggest that FSP3 is a novel serine protease with potential applications in thrombolytic therapy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

Objective : To optimize the recanalization of acute cerebral stroke that were not effectively resolved by conventional intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT), we designed a double device technique to allow for rapid and effective reopening. In this article, we describe the feasibility and efficacy of this technique. Methods : From January 2008 to September 2009, twenty patients with acute cerebral arterial occlusion (middle cerebral artery : n=12; internal carotid artery terminus : n=5; basilar artery : n=3) were treated by the double device technique. This technique was applied when conventional thrombolytic methods using drug, microwires, microcatheters and balloons did not result in recanalization. In the double device technique, two devices are simultaneously placed at the lesion (for example, one microcatheter and one balloon or two microcatheters). Chemicomechanical or mechanicomechanical thrombolysis was performed simultaneously using various combinations of two devices. Recanalization rates, procedural time, complications, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results : The initial median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 16 (range 5-26). The double device technique was applied after conventional IAT methods failed. Recanalization was achieved in 18 patients (90%). Among them, 55% (11 cases) were complete (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2B, 3). The median thrombolytic procedural time including the conventional technique was $135{\pm}83.7$ minutes (range 75-427). Major symptomatic hemorrhages (neurological deterioration ${\geq}4$ points in NIHSS) developed in two patients (10%). Good long term outcomes (modified Rankin Scale ${\leq}2$ at 90 days) occurred in 25% (n=5) of the cases. Mortality within 90 days developed in two cases (10%). Conclusion : The double device technique is a feasible and effective technical option for large vessel occlusion refractory to conventional thrombolysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

Objective : The authors report our experience of urokinase thrombolysis in treating patients harboring nonaneurysmal spontanesous intraventricular hemorrhage[IVH] and evaluated complications, safety and feasibility of this procedure retrospectively. Methods : Fifty-three patients with nonaneurysmal IVH>15mL without underlying structural etiology or coagulopathy were recruited. The patients with Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS]<5 were excluded. A catheter was directed into the IVH. Hematoma aspiration was followed by instillation of urokinase at the ear level of drainage bag under intracranial pressure monitoring system. This was repeated every 6hours until half of its initial volume. For analysis of prognostic factors, we classified the patients into two groups by Glasgow outcome scale[GOS]; good [$GOS\;{\ge}3$] and bad [GOS<3] prognosis group, and performed comparative analysis between two groups. Results : Mean age was 60.2years. The baseline hematoma size ranged 16 to 72mL. IVH volume reduction was done by an average of 74.2%. As complications, there were 3cases of rebleeding and 2cases of ventriculitis. No intracranial adverse effects were observed during thrombolytic theraphy. At 6months after the procedure, 29patients had achieved a good recovery, 15remained vegetative. 9patients died in hospital. The main good prognostic factors were young age, small IVH volume, and high GCS. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that this relatively easy and safe method of treatment will improve the prognosis. However, further clinical studies also must assess optimal thrombolytic dosage, frequency, and timing of urokinase instillation for safety and effectiveness and must include controlled comparisons of mortality, disability outcome, quality of life, time until convalescence, and cost of care in treated and untreated patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2014

An 8-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat (Case 1) and 3-year-old castrated male Siamese cat (Case 2) was presented with acute paresis of the hindlimbs, constant open-mouth breathing, and hemoptysis. Heart murmur (Case 1) and gallop sound (Case 2) was ausculated on the left heart base. Radiographs revealed alveolar infiltration of the caudodorsal lung lobes with aerophagea in Case 1 and prominent cardiomegaly in Case 2. Marked concentric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and free wall, and left atrial enlargement was detected through echocardiography in both cats. Based on the examinations including echocardiography, those cats were diagnosed as hypertropic cardiomyopathy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed echogenic material in the aortic trifurcation region, aortic thromboembolism (ATE). Although prognosis of those animals was guarded, interventional therapeutic approach through direct endovascular thrombolytic therapy was attempted. ATE was visualized through angiography; however dissolving the embolus using interventional thrombolytic approach was not successful due to the extensive thrombus.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2011

Resistance to PAI-1 is a factor which confers clinical benefits in thrombolytic therapy. The only US FDA approved PAI-1 resistant drug is Tenecteplase$^{(R)}$. Deletion variants of t-PA have the advantage of fewer disulfide bonds in addition to higher plasma half lives. A new variant was developed by deletion of the first three domains in t-PA in addition to substitution of KHRR 128-131 amino acids with AAAA in truncated t-PA. The specific activity of this new variant, $570\;IU/{\mu}g$, was found to be similar to those found in full length t-PA (Alteplase$^{(R)}$), $580\;IU/{\mu}g$. A 65% and 85% residual activity after inhibition by rPAI-1 was observed for full length and truncated-mutant form, respectively. This new variant as the first PAI-1 resistant truncated t-PA may offer more advantages in clinical conditions in which high PAI-1 levels makes the thrombolytic system prone to re-occlusion.