• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2022

The present study suggests a procedure of establishing a ship dynamics modeling by regression of free-running model test results. The hydrodynamic force and moment of the whole model ship is derived from the low-pass filtered acceleration in the turning circle and zigzag maneuver tests. Force and moment of the propeller and rudder are separated from that of the whole ship to acquire the hull force and moment terms, based on the principles of the component model. The low-pass filter frequency is verified in prior to dynamics modeling, to find the threshold frequency of 2.5 Hz. The dynamics modeling of the hull is compared with the component modeling by captive model tests. Because of strong correlation between sway velocity, yaw angular velocity, and heel angle, each maneuvering coefficient is not able to be validated, but the whole modeling shows good agreement with the captive model tests.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.100-109
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• 2006

This study evaluated the effects of water velocity, substrates, and phosphorus concentrations on the growth of filamentous periphytic algae (FPA) in the two types of artificial channel systems using treated wastewater. Controlled parameters included 5 ${\sim}$ 15 cm $s^{-1}$ for the water velocity; 10 and 20 mm wire meshes, natural fiber net, gravel and tile for the substrates: and 0.05 ${\sim}$ 1.0 mgP $L^{-1}$ for the P concentration. Algal growth rate of FPA was compared using both chi. a and dry weight change with time. Under the controlled water velocity range, the growth of FPA increased with the velocity, but the maximum growth rate was shown in the velocity of 10 cm $s^{-1}$. The substrate that showed the maximum growth of FPA differed between the artificial channel and indoor channel, due to the influence of suspended matters which caused the clogging of the meshed substrates. Under the controled range of P concentration, the growth rates of all three FPA species (Spirogyra turfosa, Oedogonium fovelatum, Rhizoclonium riparium) increased with the P increase, but they showed the differential growth rates among different P concentrations. The results of this study suggest that under the circumstance having an large amount of nutrients FPA develop the biomass rapidly and that even a little increase over the threshold velocity causes the detachment of filamentous periphytic algae. Thus, FPA dynamics in eutrophic streams, such as those receiving treated wastewater, seem to be sensitive to the water velocity. On the other hand, detached algal filaments could deteriorate water quality and ecosystem function in receiving streams or down-stream, and thus they need to be recognized as an important factor in water quality management in eutrophic streams.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5B
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• pp.871-878
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• 2000

A divided matched filter-reference filter(MF-RF) technique for LEO satellite packet transmission is proposed to increase the packet throughput in the presence of severe Doppler shift and fading. To overcome the severe Doppler shift, the divided matched filter is adopted where the integration region of matched filter is divided and ouputs of divided matched filer are added to decide the correct pseudo-noise (PN) phase. To maintain the constant false alarm rate in time varying interference and fading channel, the adaptive threshold for acquisition is obtained from the reference filter. As a performance measure, average acquisition time and packet throughput are used, and the effets of the parameters, i.e., Doppler shift, chip energy to noise ratio, user velocity, standard deviation of shadowing, and preamble length are shown.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.18-21
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• 2004

Lock-on characteristics of the flow around a circular cylinder performing a rotationally oscillation with a relatively high forcing frequency have been investigated experimentally using flow visualization and hot-wire measurements. Dominant parameters are Reynolds number (Re), amplitude of oscillation $(\theta_A)$, and frequency ratio $F_R=f_f\;/\;f_n$, where $f_f$ is the forcing frequency and if is the natural frequency of vortex shedding. Experiments were carried out under the conditions of $Re=4.14\times10^3,\;\pi/15\leq\theta_A\leq\pi/3$, and $F_R=1.0$. The effects of this active control technique on the lock-on flow regime of the cylinder wake were evaluated through wake velocity measurements and spectral analysis of hot-wire signals. The rotary oscillation modified the flow structure of near wake significantly. The lock-on phenomenon was found to occur in the range of frequency encompassing the natural vortex shedding frequency. In addition, when the amplitude of oscillation is less than a certain value, the lock-on phenomenon was occurred only at $F_R=1.0$. The lock-on range expanded and vortex formation length decreased as the amplitude of oscillation increases. The rotary oscillation generated small-scale vortex structure just near the cylinder surface.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.407-420
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• 2018

In solid-liquid two phase flow, the knowledge of how descending solid particles affected by the presence of downstream wall is important. This work studies at what interstitial distance the velocity of a vertically descending sphere is affected by a downstream wall as a consequence of wall-modified hydrodynamic forces through a validated dynamic model. This interstitial distance-the hydrodynamic coupling distance ${\delta}_c-is$ found to decay monotonically with the approach Stokes number St which compares the particle inertia to viscous drag characterized by the quasi-steady Stokes' drag. The scaling relation ${\delta}_c-St-1$ decays monotonically as literature below the value of St equal to 10. However, the faster diminishing rate is found above the threshold value from St=10-40. Furthermore, an empirical relation of ${\delta}_c-St$ shows dependence on the drop height which clearly indicates the non-negligible effect of unsteady hydrodynamic force components, namely the added mass force and the history force. Finally, we attempt a fitting relation which embedded the particle acceleration effect in the dependence of fitting constants on the diameter-scaled drop height.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.16 no.7 s.110
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• pp.531-536
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• 1978

Adult cats were light anesthetized with ethyl ether and heart was removed fastly. cardiac papillary muscle was dissected from heart in organ bath con taining Tyrode solution saturated with 95% O₂+5% CO₂, and prepared papillary muscles were placed in Tyrode solution that was continuously circulated and gassed with 95% O₂+5% CO₂at 32℃. The isolated papillary muscle was stimulated continuously with platinum pin electrode at frequency of 15/min and 90/min by means of electric stimulator and transmembrane action potentials were recorded with microelectrdes on the oscilloscope. The drug used was d-propranolol and its concentration was 0.5, 1.5 and 5.0 mg/L. The results obtained were as follows: 1. D-propranolol increased the threshold voltage of papillary muscle and raised by average of 213.6% of control. 2. D-propranolol had no effect on duration of action potential. 3. Conduction time of isolated papillary muscle was increased by d-propranolol and its effect was prominent at frequency of 90/min. 4. the maximum upstroke velocity was decreased by d-propranolol and its effect was dose-depndent decrease.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2003

Many car manufacturers have frequently adopted an aggressive inflator and a lower threshold speed for airbag deployment in order to meet an injury requirement for unbolted occupant at high speed crash test. Consequently, today's occupant safety restraint system has a weakness due to an airbag induced injury at low speed crash event. This paper proposes a new crash algorithm to improve the weakness by suppressing airbag deployment at low speed crash event in case of belted condition. The proposed algorithm consists of two major blocks-crash severity algorithm and deployment logic block. The first block decides crash severity with two levels by means of velocity and crash energy calculation from acceleration signal. The second block implemented by simple AND/OR logic combines the crash severity level and seat belt status information to generate firing commands for airbag and belt pretensioner. Furthermore, it can be extended to adopt additional sensor information from passenger presence detection sensor and safing sensor. A simulation using real crash data for a 1,800cc passenger vehicle has been conducted to verify the performance of proposed algorithm.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.61-81
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• 2017

Traditional approaches to surface moisture problems in the context of aeolian research have focused on the initiation of sand movement, developing various models for predicting threshold velocity on a wet surface. They have been unsatisfactory, however, in explaining field observations because they have not incorporated spatiotemporal variability of surface moisture, the interactions between transported sand grains and surface, and the role of aeolian transport in controlling surface moisture. As Nield (2011) showed, a simplified numerical model can be used to investigate this issue. This research aims to explore the feedback structures between aeolian transport and surface moisture using a modified sand slab model. Key modifications are the introduction of simultaneous updating scheme for all the slabs and moisture-assigning procedures with and without aeolian transport. The major findings are as follows. Moist surface conditions suppress sand slab movement, leading to the development of smaller-scale topography. Available sands for aeolian transport are determined by the vertical patterns of moisture content with its variations from groundwater to the surface. Sand patches on a wet surface act as a localized source area. Sand movement drives immediate changes in surface moisture rather than time-lag reponses, mostly when moist conditions are dominant.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.483-493
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• 2018

Experimental study of the deterioration of high-temperature rock subjected to rapid cooling is essential for thermal engineering applications. To evaluate the influence of thermal shock on heated granite with different temperatures, laboratory tests were conducted to record the changes in the physical properties of granite specimens and the dynamic mechanical characteristics of granite after rapid cooling were experimentally investigated by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The results indicate that there are threshold temperatures ($500-600^{\circ}C$) for variations in density, porosity, and P-wave velocity of granite with increasing treatment temperature. The stress-strain curves of $500-1000^{\circ}C$ show the brittle-plastic transition of tested granite specimens. It was also found that in the temperature range of $200-400^{\circ}C$, the through-cracks induced by rapid cooling have a decisive influence on the failure pattern of rock specimens under dynamic load. Moreover, the increase of crack density due to higher treatment temperature will result in the dilution of thermal shock effect for the rocks at temperatures above $500^{\circ}C$. Eventually, a fitting formula was established to relate the dynamic peak strength of pretreated granite to the crack density, which is the exponential function.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.216-219
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• 2023

This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the material behavior of workpieces in waterjet machining processes. To gain fundamental insights into waterjet machining, simulations were conducted using pure water, excluding abrasive particles. The simulation model comprised thousands of water molecules interacting with a single crystal metal workpiece. Water molecule clusters were imparted with various velocities to initiate collisions with the metal workpiece. The material behavior of the metal surface was analyzed with respect to the applied velocity conditions, considering the intricate interplay between water molecules and the workpiece at the atomic scale. The results demonstrated that the machining of the metal workpiece occurred only when water molecules were endowed with velocities above a certain threshold. In cases where energy was insufficient, the metal workpiece exhibited a slight increase in surface roughness due to mild plastic deformation, without undergoing substantial material removal. When machining occurred, the ejection of material revealed a 3-fold symmetric pattern, confirming that material removal in waterjet machining of the metal workpiece is primarily driven by plastic deformation-induced material ejection. This research provides crucial insights into the mechanisms underlying waterjet machining and enhances our understanding of material behavior during the process. The findings can be valuable in optimizing waterjet machining techniques.