• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between threonine (Thr) efficiency and Thr dehydrogenase (TDG) activity as an indicator of Thr oxidation on chicks fed with levels of diets (CP [17.5% and 21.5%] and Thr [3.8 and 4.7 g/100 g CP]; glycine [Gly][0.64% and 0.98%] and true digestible Thr [dThr] [0.45% and 0.60%]). Calculation of the Thr efficiency was based on N-balance data and an exponential N-utilization model, and TDG activity was determined as accumulation of aminoacetone and Gly during incubation of hepatic mitochondria. This study found that in the liver of chicks who received a diet containing up to 0.79% Thr (4.7 g Thr/100 g of CP) in the 17.5% CP diet, no significant (p>0.05) effect on TDG activity was observed. However, significantly (p = 0.014) increased TDG activity was observed with a diet containing 21.5% CP (4.7 g Thr/100 g of CP) and the efficiency of Thr utilization showed a significant (p = 0.001) decrease, indicating the end of the Thr limiting range. No significant (p>0.05) effect on the total TDG activity and accumulation of Gly was observed with addition of Gly to a diet containing 0.45% dThr. In addition, addition of Gly to a diet containing 0.60% dThr also did not result in a change in accumulation of Gly. Due to an increase in accumulation of aminoacetone, an elevated effect on total TDG activity was also observed. No significant (p>0.05) reduction in the efficiency of Thr utilization was observed after addition of Gly at the level of 0.45% dThr. However, significantly (p<0.001) reduced efficiency of Thr utilization was observed after addition of Gly at the level of 0.60% dThr. Collectively, we found that TDG was stimulated not only by addition of Thr and protein to the diet, but also by addition of Gly, and efficiency of Thr utilization was favorably affected by addition of Gly at the level near to the optimal Thr concentration. In addition, no metabolic requirement of Gly through the TDG pathway was observed with almost the same accumulation of Gly and a slight increase in TDG activity by addition of Gly. Thus, our findings suggest that determination of TDG activity and parameter of efficiency of Thr utilization may be useful for evaluation of dietary Thr level.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.372-378
• /
• 1996

최소 배지에 여러 아미노산을 첨가하여 배양시킨 Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 세포 추출물에서 threonine dehydratase의 비활성을 조사한 결과 이소루신은 1~4mM에서 효소의 비활성을 100~140% 정도 증가시킨 반면 15~30mM에서 25~80% 정도 감소시켰다. 루신은 효소의 비활성을 1~120mM에서 60% 이상 감소시켰다. 한편, 발린은 효소의 비활성을 1~4mM에서 20% 정도, 8~10mM에서 10% 정도 감소시켰으나 20mM에서 효소의 비활성을 원래대로 회복시켰다. 각 2mM 농도의 이소루신과 발린 그리고 이소루신과 루신은 효소의 비활성을 각각 75, 50%씩 증가시킨 반면 세 아미노산을 각각 2과 10mM씩 동시 첨가했을 경우에는 각각 25, 58%씩 감소시켰다. 글리옥실산은 효소의 비활성을 75%, 이마다졸, 피루브산, $\alpha$-아미노부티르산 그리고 AMP는 모두 50%씩, 호모세린, $\alpha$-케토글루타르산, $\alpha$-케토부티르산 및 IPTG를 첨가했을 경우는 모두 25%씩 감소시켰다. cAMP는 효소의 비활성을 1~2mM에서 10~40% 정도 감소시킨 반면 10mM에서 80% 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과들로부터 S. marcescens threonine dehydratase는 E. coli K-12 효소와는 다르게 낮은 농도의 이소루신에 의해 효소의 비활성이 증가되고, 높은 농도의 이소루신 (10~30mM)에 의해서는 감소되는 등 이소루신 생합성 과정에서 조절 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.212-212
• /
• 2012

The Coverage dependent attachment of multifunctional groups included in threonine molecules adsorbed to Ge (100)$-2{\times}1$ surface was investigated using core-level photoemission spectroscopy (CLPES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The core-level spectra at a low coverage indicated that the both carboxyl and amine groups participated in the bonding with the Ge (100) surface by "O-H dissociated and N-dative bonded structure". However, at high coverage level, additional adsorption geometry of "O-H dissociation bonded structure" appeared possibly to minimize the steric hindrance between adsorbed molecules. Moreover, the C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s core level spectra confirmed that the carboxyl oxygen is more competitive against the hydroxymethyl oxygen in the adsorption reaction. The adsorption energies calculated using DFT methods suggested that four of six adsorption structures were plausible. These structures were the "O-H dissociated-N dative bonded structure", the "O-H dissociation bonded structure", the "Om-H dissociated-N dative bonded structure", and the "Om-H dissociation bonded structure" (where Om indicates the hydroxymethyl oxygen). These structures are equally likely, according to the adsorption energies alone. Conclusively, we investigate in threonine on Ge (100) surface system that the "O-H dissociated-N dative bonded structure" and the "O-H dissociation bonded structure" are preferred at low coverage and high coverage.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 1995

Biodegradative threonine dehydratase was purified to homogeneity from Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 by streptomycin sulfate treatment, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography followed by AMP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 118,000 by fast protein liquid chromatography using superose 6-HR. The enzyme was determined to be a homotetrameric protein with subunit molecular weights of 30,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was inhibited by ${\alpha}-Keto$ acids and their derivatives such as ${\alpha}-ketobutyrate$, pyruvate, glyoxlyate, and phosphoenol pyruvate, but not by ${\alpha}-aminobutyrate$ and ${\alpha}-hydroxybutyrate$. The inhibition of the enzyme by pyruvate and glyoxylate was observed in the presence of AMP. The inhibitory effect of glyoxylate was decreased at high enzyme concentration, whereas the inhibition by pyruvate was independent of the enzyme concentration. The kinetics of inhibition of the enzyme by pyruvate and glyoxylate revealed a noncompetitive and mixed-type inhibition by the two inhibitors with respect to L-threonine and AMP, respectively.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제10권1호통권22호
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2007

Objective : We performed this study in order to investigate the effects of Paljeongsan-gamibang(八正散加味方) on the renal failure. Methods : We injected 8ml/kg of 50% glycerol on the rats. And then administered Paljeongsan-gamibang extract ; 209mg/200g/day to sample group during 3 days and observed the body temperature, urine volume, stool volume and the levels of creatinine, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, Na+, K+, Cl-, threonine, tyrosine in blood and creatinine, glucose, threonine, tyrosine in urine. Results : 1, The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed a suppressive effect of body temperature, an improving effect in capability of concentrating urine at convoluted tubule and showed an increasing effect of stool volume. 2. The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed a lowering effect in creatinine level in blood and showed an increasing effect in the levels of inorganic phosphorus, Na+, K+, Cl-, threonine and tyrosine in blood. 3. The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed an increasing effect in creatinine level in urine and showed a lowering effect in the levels of glucose, inorganic phosphorus, threonine and tyrosine in urine. Conclusions : Conclusively, Paljeongsan-gamibang was recognized to have a curative effect against the damage of rat kidney induced by 50% glycerol, especially to improve the capability of reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 1986

구기자(枸杞子)의 총(總)아미노산조성(組成) 및 유리(遊離)당을 각각 amino acid autoanalyzer, HPLC로 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 17종(種)의 총(總)아미노산이 검출(檢出)되었다. 즉 asparatic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenr-lalanine, hisidtine, lysine, arginine인데 이중 threonine을 가장 많이 함유하였으며 aspartic acid는 가장 적었다. 2. 총(總) essential amino acid량은 총(總)아미노산량의53.93%로 양질(良質)의 아미노산을 함유하였다. 3. Glucose, fructose, saccharose 등 3종(種)의 유리(遊離)당이 검출(檢出)되었는데 이중 fructose를 가장 많이 함유하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 2008

Erro-prone PCR에 의해서 열안정성이 향상된 Streptomyces coelicolor A(3) 유래의 L-threonine aldolase를 Corynebacterium glutamicum R에서 과잉발현시키기 위하여 Corynebacterium용 vector plasmid인 pCRB1의 SD배열과 개시코든사이의 1염기를 제거한 고발현용 vector plasmid인 pCG-H44(2)를 구축하였다. pCG-H (2)에 의해서 형질전환된 C. glutamicum R 균주(CGH44-2)에서 L-TA를 발현시킨 결과, 기존의 Corynebacterium용 vector plasmid인 pCRB1(CGH44-1)보다 L-TA의 발현량이 높았다. L-threo-DOPS의 합성을 위한 최적조건은 $30^{\circ}C$, 0.1 M cirtric acid buffer(pH 7.0)이었으며, 0.1% TritonX-100를 첨가하였을 경우 보다 높은 활성을 보였다. 최적조건하에서 CGH44-2를 whole cell biocatalyst로 이용한 반복회분식반응에서 재조합대장균을 숙주로 이용한 경우보다 재조합Corynebacterium을 이용하였을 경우, 목적하는 L-threo-DOPS의 합성이 안정적으로 이루어졌다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.112-117
• /
• 2007

Protein kinase는 진핵생물과 원핵생물을 포함하는 모든 생명체에서 세포생존에 절대적으로 중요한 조절 기능을 담당한다. 일반적으로 원핵생물은 histidine 과 aspartic acid kinase로 구성된 bacterial two-component regulatory system에 의하여 환경변화에 따른 유전자의 발현이 조절되지만, 방선균을 비롯한 고등 원핵생물에서는 진핵생물성의 serine/threonine kinase들이 세포분화와 같은 분화과정을 조절하고 있다. Streptomycin 생산균인 Streptomyces griseus 균주에서도 다양한 serine/threonine kinase들이 존재하는 것으로 추정되며, 이들의 기능을 밝히는 것은 생명현상을 이해하는 중요한 열쇠를 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다. 따라서, S. griseus로부터 protein kinase 를 동정하는 연구를 실시하였으며, 기존의 복잡한 chromatography법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 anti-phosphothreonine, anti-phosphoserine, anti-phosphotyrosine antibody를 이용한 immunoaffinity column chromatography 방법을 도입하였다. 실험 결과 약 14, 29, 31, 35, 40, 52, 56, 60 kDa의 단백질을 효과적으로 동정 할 수 있었으며, nonradioactive protein kination assay 방법으로 이들의 인산화능을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식품영양학회 2001년도 동계 학술심포지움
• /
• pp.121-121
• /
• 2001

최소 배지에 여러 아미노산과 대사 산물을 첨가하여 배양시킨 Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 세포추출물에서여 biodegradative threonine dehydratase (BDTD), biosynthetic threonine dehydratase (BSTD)와 acetolactate syntase (ALS)의 비활성도를 조사하였다. S. marcescens BDTD와 ALS는 낮은 농도 (0.5-2 mM)의 cAMP에 의해 촉진적 조절을 받으며, 비교적 낮은 농도의 isoleucine (1-4 mM)에 의해서는 S. marcescens BSTD의 생합성이 증가되고 높은 농도의 isoleucine (10-30 mM)에서는 감소되고 비교적 낮은 농도의 valine (2-4 mM)에 의해서 S. marcescens ALS의 생합성이 증가되는 것으로 보아 S. marcescens ATCC 25419에서 branched chain 아미노산 생합성 과정의 조절 양상은 Escherichia coli K-12와는 달리, isoleucine의 생합성 과정은 BSTD에 의해 조절되고, valine의 생합성 과정은 ALS에 의해 조절되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.126-133
• /
• 1992

Comparative amino acid quantities on the blood analysis was carried out to investigate the amino acid specific characters on the blood in four type of physical constitution 1. In TAE-EUM-IN group, compared with control group, the proline and the serine were more observed. 2. In SO-EUM-IN group, compared with control group, the aspartic acid was more observed. 3. In SO-YANG-IN group, compared with control group, the proline was more observed. but the threonine and the aspartic acid were less observed. 4. In SO-EUM-IN group, compared with TAE-EUM-IN group, the aspartic acid and the serine were more observed. 5. In SO-YANG-IN group, compared with TAE-EUM-IN group, the serine and the proline were more observed, but the glutamic acid and the threonine were less observed. 6. In SO-YANG-IN group, compared with SO-EUM-IN group, the threonine and the aspartic acid were less observed.