• Information Systems Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2001

Of critical importance to the success of any e-commerce site are the two factors: rapid application development and quick response time. A three-tier architecture composed of presentation layer, business layer, and data access layer emerges to allow rapid changes in user interface, business logic, and database structures. Too often, such a logical three-tier architecture is considered as requiring a three-tier physical architecture: Web server, application server, and database server running on separate computers. Contrary to the common belief, a Web stress test reveals that the three-tier logical architecture implemented on a two-tier physical platform guarantees a quicker response time due to the reduction in cross-machine communications. This would lead business firms to economize their spending on e-commerce: increasing the number of physical servers to expedite transaction is not necessarily the best solution. Before selecting a particular hardware configuration, a Web stress test needs to be conducted to compare the relative merits of alternative physical architectures. Together with capacity planning, Web stress test emerges as a powerful tool to build robust, yet economical e-commerce sites.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

This paper introduces a program structure that minimizes the client's business logic by reducing the client's specifications as a way of minimizing the limitations of online game platforms. The objective of this thesis is to design an online game that is based on a 3-tier client/server structure, and thus using this 3-tier structure to ultimately create an online Sutda game that anyone can enjoy. The progression of newly released games is highly based on the mobile market and the number of online games being launched is decreasing. As the mobile game market grows, more and more multi-platform games are being developed and target platforms within online games are greatly diversifying. Through these situations, this thesis minimizes the client's business logic through a 3-tier structure of application-middleware-database, and also proposes an online game client/server that allows three or more users to participate simultaneously through the server.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.915-922
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• 2002

This paper presents an implementation of an Remote Examination System on Internet using Java and SWING GUI API. The system is consisted of three parts: generating examination part that is Java application, answering questions part that is Java Applet, reviewing results part that is Java Applet. The first part is implemented with the 2-tier client/server architecture and the last two parts is implemented the 3-tier client/server architecture. Database programming is done using Java JDBC API for database independence and portability. This system can be used the evaluation of lectures, and substituted for pen-and-pencil examinations or adopted to survey applications based on Internet.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.4
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• pp.639-646
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• 2003

Conventional two-tier databases have shown performance limitation in the presence of many concurrent clients. To this end, the three-tier architecture that exploits similarities in client's object access behavior has been proposed. In this system, clients are partitioned into clusters, and object requests can be then served in inter-cluster manner. Introducing an intermediate layer between server(s) and clients enables this. In this paper, we introduce the problem of client realignment in which access behavior changes, and propose on-line client clustering. This system facilitates adaptive reconfiguration and redistribution of sites. The core issue in this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of on-line client clustering. We experimentally investigate the performance of the scheme and necessary costs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.4B
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• pp.285-290
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• 2006

Various aspects should be taken into account while developing a distributed architecture based on a multi-tier model or an enterprise architecture. Among those, the separation of role between page designer and page developer, defining entity which is used for database connection and transaction processing are very much important. In this paper, we presented DONSL(Data Server of Non SQL query) architecture to solve these problems applying web tier object modelling. This architecture solves the above problems by simplifying tiers coupling and removing DAO(Data Access Object) and entity from programming logic. We concentrate upon these three parts. One is about how to develop the DAO not concerning the entity modification, another is automatic transaction processing technique including SQL generation and the other is how to use the AET/MET(Automated/Manual Execute d Transaction) effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.32
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• pp.177-217
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• 2012

The National Archives of Korea(NAK) has a mission to ingest large-scaled digital records and information from a number of different government agencies annually from 2015. There are important issues related to the digital records and information transfer between NAK and agencies, and one of them is how to configure deployment of digital repositories for the archives management systems. The purpose of this paper is to offer the way to design it by examining the checkpoints through the whole life cycle of digital records and information in the archives management systems and calculating the amount of ingested digital records and information to the systems in 2015 and deploying the digital repositories configured according to the amount the records and information. Firstly, this paper suggests that the archives management systems in NAK should be considered and examined into at least three different parts called Ingest tier, Preservation tier and Access tier in aspects to the characteristics of the flow and process of the digital records and information. Secondly, as a results of the calculation the amount of the digital records and information ingested to the archives management systems in 2015 is sum up to around 2.5 Tera bytes. This research draws several requirements related to the large-scaled data and bulk operations which should be satisfied by the database or database management system implemented on to the archives management systems. Thirdly, this paper configures digital repositories deployment according to the characteristics of the three tiers respectively. This research triggers discussion in depth and gives specific clues about how to design the digital repositories in the archives management systems for preparing the year of 2015.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.142-153
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• 1998

In this paper, Java Method approach for the integration of Web and Object-Relational DBMS is proposed. For the purpose, we extend to use Java language in programming user-defined function which is one of important characteristic of Object-Relational DBMS with object concept. Therefore we can retrieve not only database objects but also their associated Java methods to run in clients. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed Java Method technique, we designed and implemented this Java method system based on three-tier client/server architecture using JDBC(Java Database Connectivity) and Java RMI(Remote Method Invocation).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.324-333
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• 2004

This paper discusses the development of an educational web-based power flow program for undergraduate students. The interaction between lectures and users can be much enhanced via the web-based programs which result in the student's learning effectiveness on the power flow problem. However the difficulties for developing web-based application programs are that there can be the numerous unspecified users to access the application programs. To overcome the aforementioned multi-users problem and to develope the educational web-based power flow program, we have revised the system architecture, the modeling of application programs, and database which efficiently and effectively manages the complex data sets related to the power flow analysis program. The developed application program is composed of the physical three tiers where the middle tier is logically divided into two kinds of application programs. The divided application programs are interconnected by using the Web-service based on XML (Extended Markup Technology) and HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) which make it possible the distributed computing technology Also, this paper describes the method of database modeling to handle effectively when the numerous users change the parameters of the power system to compare the results of the base case.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2003

Research results have demonstrated that conventional client-server databases have scalability problem in the presence of many concurrent clients. The multi-tier architecture that exploits similarities in clients' object access behavior partitions clients into logical clusters according to their object request pattern. As a result, object requests that are served inside the clusters, server load and request response time can be optimized. Management of clustering by utilizing clients' access pattern-based is an important component for the system's goal. Off-line methods optimizes the quality of the global clustering, the necessary cost and clustering schedule needs to be considered and planned carefully in respect of stable system's performance. In this paper, we propose methods that detect changes in access behavior and optimize system configuration in real time. Finally this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of on-line change detection and results of experimental investigation concerning reconfiguration.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2014

Monolithic three-dimensional integrated chips (3D ICs) are an emerging technology that offers an integration density that is some orders of magnitude higher than the conventional through-silicon-via (TSV)-based 3D ICs. This is due to a sequential integration process that enables extremely small monolithic inter-tier vias (MIVs). For a monolithic 3D memory, we first explore the static random-access memory (SRAM) design. Next, for digital logic, we explore several design styles. The first is transistor-level, which is a design style unique to monolithic 3D ICs that are enabled by the ultra-high-density of MIVs. We also explore gate-level and block-level design styles, which are available for TSV-based 3D ICs. For each of these design styles, we present techniques to obtain the graphic database system (GDS) layouts, and perform a signoff-quality performance and power analysis. We also discuss various challenges facing monolithic 3D ICs, such as achieving 50% footprint reduction over two-dimensional (2D) ICs, routing congestion, power delivery network design, and thermal issues. Finally, we present design techniques to overcome these challenges.