• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.141-151
• /
• 2020

Since it was first studied in 1980, solar energy analysis model for geographic information systems has been used to determine the approximate spatial distribution of terrain. However, the spatial pattern was not able to be grasped in 3D (three-dimensional) space with low accuracy due to the limitation of input data. Because of computational efficiency, using a constant value for the brightness of the sky caused the simulation results to be less reliable especially when the slope is high or buildings are crowded around. For the above reasons, this study proposed a model that predicts solar energy of vertical surfaces of buildings with four stages below. Firstly, CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) luminance distribution model was used to calculate the brightness distribution of the sky using NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) solar tracking algorithm. Secondly, we suggested a method of calculating the shadow effect using ray tracing. Thirdly, LOD (Level of Detail) 3 of 3D spatial data was used as input data for analysis. Lastly, the accuracy was evaluated based on the atmospheric radiation data collected through the ground observation equipment in Daejeon, South Korea. As a result of evaluating the accuracy, NMBE was 5.14%, RMSE 11.12, and CVRMSE 7.09%.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.507-521
• /
• 2021

Detecting outliers among high-dimensional data encounters a challenging problem of screening the variables since relevant information is often contained in only a few of the variables. Otherwise, when a number of irrelevant variables are included in the data, the distances between all observations tend to become similar which leads to making the degree of outlierness of all observations alike. The subspace outlier detection method overcomes the problem by measuring the degree of outlierness of the observation based on the relevant subsets of the entire variables. In this paper, we survey recent subspace outlier detection techniques, classifying them into three major types according to the subspace selection method. And we summarize the techniques of each type based on how to select the relevant subspaces and how to measure the degree of outlierness. In addition, we introduce some computing tools for implementing the subspace outlier detection techniques and present results from the simulation study and real data analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.391-400
• /
• 2003

This study was performed the analysis of seven kinds of the hight school chemistry II textbooks based on the 6th curriculum. Particularly, inquiry activity part was analyzed by the three dimension framework which consists of inquiry content dimension, inquiry process dimension and inquiry context dimension. In the analysis of the inquiry content dimension of inquiry activities, the total number of themes in seven kinds of textbook was 212. And the number of inquiry activities in seven kinds of textbook was diverse: A textbook had 28, B textbook 25, C textbook 31, D textbook 35, E textbook 31, F textbook 29 and G textbook 33. As for the avaerage number of inquiry activities of each chapter, chapter I "Material Science" is 3.00(9.91${\%}$), chapter II "Atomic Structure and Periodic Table" 4.57(15.1${\%}$), chapter III "Chemical Bonding and Compound" 6.86(22.6${\%}$), chapter IV "State of Matter and Solution" 7.00(23.1${\%}$), chapter V "Chemical Reaction" 8.86(29.2${\%}$). For the analysis of inquiry process dimension, it follows in the order of 'observation and measuring (66.7${\%}$)', 'Interpreting data and formulating generalizations (26.5${\%}$)', 'seeing a problem and seeking ways to solve it (4.1%)', and 'building, testing and revising the theoretical model (2.7${\%}$)'. As for the analysis of the inquiry context dimension, the scientific context occupied 90.5${\%}$, the individual context 4.3${\%}$, the social context 0.9${\%}$, and the technical context 4.3${\%}$. It shows that the proportion of STS(Science-Technology-Society) related contents in inquiry activities was only 9.5${\%}$.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.274-287
• /
• 2000

This study was performed the analysis of four kinds of common science textbooks based on the 6th curriculum. Particularly, inquiry activity part was analyzed by the three dimension framework which consists of inquiry content dimension, inquiry process dimension and inquiry context dimension. In the analysis of the inquiry content dimension of inquiry activities, the contents revised by 6th curriculum of common science textbook was accomplished through various inquiry activities. The number of inquiry activity in four textbooks was similar as about 16. The For the analysis of inquiry process dimension, 'interpreting data and formulating generalizations' category (39.1%) was most emphasized and the categories of 'observation and measuring'(30.8%), and 'building, testing and revising the theoretical model' (16.5 %), 'seeing a problem and seeking ways to solve it' (13.5%) follow in order. As for the analysis of the inquiry context dimension, the proportion of STS related contents in inquiry activities was only 18%. So, we propose that STS related contents would increase the proportion for the following textbook.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2018

This study aims to apply 3D scanning technology to the field of landscape planning design. Through this, 3D scans were conducted on Soswaewon Garden and Seongrakwon Gardens to find directions for traditional landscape planning and designs. The results as follows. First, the actual measurement of the traditional garden through a 3D scan confirmed that a precise three-dimensional modeling of ${\pm}3-5mm$ error was constructed through the merging of coordinate values based on point data acquired at each observation point and postprocessing. Second, as a result of the 3D survey, the Soswaewon Garden obtained survey data on Jewoldang House, Gwangpunggak Pavilion, the surrounding wall, stone axis, and Aeyangdan wall, while the Seongnakwon Garden obtained survey data on the topography, rocks and waterways around the Yeongbyeokji pond area. The above data have the advantage of being able to monitor the changing appearance of the garden. Third, spatial information developed through 3D scans could be developed with a three-dimensional drawing preparation and inspection tool that included precise real-world data, and this process ensured the economic feasibility of time and manpower in the actual survey and investigation of landscaping space. In addition, modelling with a three-dimensional 1:1 scale is expected to be highly efficient in that reliable spatial data can be maintained and reprocessed to a specific size depending on the size of the design. In addition, from a long-term perspective, the deployment of 3D scan data is easy to predict and simulate changes in traditional landscaping space over time.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.1047-1059
• /
• 2019

To address the increase of weather hazards and the emergence of new types of such hazards, an optimization technique for three-dimensional (3D) representation of meteorological facts and atmospheric information was examined in this study as a novel method for weather analysis. The proposed system is termed as "meteorological and air quality information visualization engine" (MAIVE), and it can support several file formats and can implement high-resolution 3D terrain by employing a 30 m resolution digital elevation model. In this study, latest 3D representation techniques such as wind vector fields, contour maps, stream vector, stream line flow along the wind field and 3D volume rendering were applied. Implementation of the examples demonstrates that the results of numerical modeling are well reflected, and new representation techniques can facilitate the observation of meteorological factors and atmospheric information from different perspectives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.907-910
• /
• 2005

Although several artificial disc designs have been developed for the treatment of discogenic low back pain, biomechanical change with its implantation was rarely studied. To evaluate the effect of artificial disc implantation on the biomechanics of functional spinal unit, nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model of L4-L5 was developed with 1-mm CT scan data. Two models implanted with artificial discs, SB $Charit\acute{e}$ or Prodisc, via anterior approach were also developed. The implanted model predictions were compared with that of intact model. Angular motion of vertebral body, force on spinal ligaments and facet joint, and the stress distribution of vertebral endplate for flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation with a compressive preload of 400 N were compared. The implanted model showed increased flexion-extension range of motion and increased force in the vertically oriented ligaments, such as ligamentum flavum, supraspinous ligament and interspinous ligament. The increase of facet contact force on extension were greater in implanted models. The incresed stress distribution on vertebral endplate for implanted cases indicated that additinal bone growth around vertebral body and this is matched well with clinical observation. With axial rotation moment, relatively less axial rotation were observed in SB $Charit\acute{e}$ model than in ProDisc model.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.753-760
• /
• 2011

The satellite Chollian was successfully launched on June 27, 2010 and is expected to perform its communication, oceanographic, and meteorological duties for seven years. The follow-up launch of the Chollian satellite is already being planned, and diverse studies are under way to enable the use of the Korean satellite data. Studies are also being actively conducted in and out of Korea to visualize the meteorological data on the open-source virtual globes. The meteorological data include ground observation, satellite, and digital-model data. In this study, an efficient three-dimensional technique was developed to visualize typhoons on the virtual globes using the Chollian satellite data. This study was conducted to provide service to the public via the scientific visualization of the satellite image data, and to create an efficient satellite image analysis environment for meteorological researchers.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.93.1-93.1
• /
• 2011

Radio wave from a compact radio source such as a quasar are scattered by irregularities of electron density. The scattered waves interfere with each other as they propagate to the Earth producing diffraction patterns on the ground. This phenomenon is called interplanetary scintillation (IPS). The IPS pattern contains the information of solar wind velocities and density fluctuations passing across a line-of-sight (LOS) from an observer to a radio source. The IPS is a useful tool which allows us to measure the solar wind in three dimensional space inaccessible to in situ observations. Although the IPS measurement is an integral of solar wind velocities and density fluctuations along the LOS, which causes degradation of accuracy, we have succeeded to develop computer assisted tomography (CAT) analysis to remove the effect of LOS integration. These techniques greatly improved the accuracy of determinations of solar wind velocity structures. In this talk we present our IPS observation system and long-term variation of global solar wind structures from 1980-2009, then we focus on recent peculiar solar wind properties.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.319-333
• /
• 2020

Aircraft observations constitute one of the major sources of temperature observations which provide three-dimensional information. But it is well known that the aircraft temperature data have warm bias against sonde observation data, and therefore, the correction of aircraft temperature bias is important to improve the model performance. In this study, the algorithm of the bias correction modified from operational KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) global model is adopted in the preprocessing of aircraft observations, and the effect of the bias correction of aircraft temperature is investigated by conducting the two experiments. The assimilation with the bias correction showed better consistency in the analysis-forecast cycle in terms of the differences between observations (radiosonde and GPSRO (Global Positioning System Radio Occultation)) and 6h forecast. This resulted in an improved forecasting skill level of the mid-level temperature and geopotential height in terms of the root-mean-square error. It was noted that the benefits of the correction of aircraft temperature bias was the upper-level temperature in the midlatitudes, and this affected various parameters (winds, geopotential height) via the model dynamics.