• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to develop a dental image processing system using a three-dimensional (3D) camera and stereovision technology. The reliability of the system for measuring axial wall convergence angles was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The new system predicted 3D coordinate points from 2D images and calculated distances and angles between points. Two examiners measured axial wall convergence angles for seven artificial abutments using a traditional tracing-based method (TBM) and the stereovision-based method (SVBM). Five wax abutment models of simplified abutment forms were made and axial wall convergence angles of wax models were measured by both methods. The data were statistically analyzed at the level of significance, 0.05. RESULTS. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed excellent intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliabilities for both methods. Bland-Altman plots and paired t-tests showed significant differences between measurements and true values using TBM; differences were not significant with SVBM. CONCLUSION. This study found that the SVBM reflected true angle values more accurately than a TMB and illustrated an example of 3D computer science applied to clinical dentistry.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To measure axial displacement of different implant-abutment connection types and materials during screw tightening at the recommended torque by using a contact scanner for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty models of missing mandibular left second premolars were 3D-printed and implant fixtures were placed at the same position by using a surgical guide. External and internal fixtures were used. Three implant-abutment internal connection (INT) types and one implant-abutment external connection (EXT) type were prepared. Two of the INT types used titanium abutment and zirconia abutment; the other INT type was a customized abutment, fabricated by using a computer-controlled milling machine. The EXT type used titanium abutment. Screws were tightened at $10N{\cdot}cm$, simulating hand tightening, and then at the manufacturers' recommended torque ($30N{\cdot}cm$) 10 min later. Abutments and adjacent teeth were subsequently scanned with a contact scanner for 2D and 3D analyses using a 3D inspection software. RESULTS. Significant differences were observed in axial displacement according to the type of implant-abutment connection (P<.001). Vertical displacement of abutments was greater than overall displacement, and significant differences in vertical and overall displacement were observed among the four connection types (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Displacement according to connection type and material should be considered in choosing an implant abutment. When adjusting a prosthesis, tightening the screw at the manufacturers' recommended torque is advisable, rather than the level of hand tightening.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2010

Purpose: Driving a car is an essential component of daily life. For safe driving, each driver must perceive sensory information and respond rapidly and accurately. Brake response time (BRT) is a particularly important factor in the total stopping distance of a vehicle, and therefore is an important factor in traffic accident prevention research. The purpose of the current study was (1) to compare accelerometer. BRTs analyzed by three different methods and (2) to investigate possible correlations between accelerometer-BRTs and foot switch-BRTs, which are measured method using a foot switch. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects participated in this study. BRT was measured with either a tri-axial accelerometer or a footswitch. BRT with a tri-axial accelerometer was analyzed using three methods: maximum acceleration time, geometrical center, and center of maximum and minimum acceleration values. Results: Both foot switch-BRTs and accelerometer-BRTs were delayed. ANOVA for accelerometer BRTs yielded significant main effects for axis and analysis, while the interaction effect between axis and analysis was not significant. Calculating the Pearson correlation between accelerometer-BRT and foot switch-BRT, we found that maximum acceleration time and center of maximum and minimum acceleration values were significantly correlated with foot switch-BRT (p<0.05). The X axis of the geometrical center was significantly correlated with foot switch-BRTs (p<0.05), but Y and Z axes were not (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the maximum acceleration time and the center of maximum and minimum acceleration value are significantly correlated with foot switch-BRTs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2001

There are three designs of thread form in screw type implants: V-thread, Reverse buttress thread and Square thread. The purpose of this study was to find out how thread form designs have an influence on the equivalent stress, equivalent strain, maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain and which design of thread form generates more maximum equivalent stress and strain. 3-D finite element analysis was used to evaluate the stress and strain patterns of three tread types. The results of this study were as follow. 1. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 2. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and smallest in square thread. 3. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum shear stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 4. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and there is no significant difference between that of square thread and reverse buttress thread. 5. Above results show that the square thread has special advantages in stress and strain compared with other thread types, especially in shear stess which is most determinant to implant-bone interface. Considering the superior biomechanical properties of square form implant, we presume that square form implant has better clinical results than the other types of implants in the same clinical conditions.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2024

축류팬은 상대적으로 저압의 유동 영역에서 유동을 수송하기 위해 사용되며, 다양한 설계 변수에 대해 설계된다. 축류팬의 날개 끝 형상은 유동 및 소음 성능에 지배적인 역할을 수행하며 이에 대한 대표적인 유동 현상으로 날개 끝에서 발생하는 날개 끝 와류와 누설 와류가 있다. 이러한 3차원 유동 구조를 제어하기 위해 다양한 연구가 수행되어 왔으며, 항공기 분야에서 날개 끝 와류를 억제하고 효율을 증가시키기 위해 윙렛 형상이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 에어컨 실외기용 축류팬 날개에 적용된 윙렛 형상의 영향을 분석하기 위한 수치적, 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 3차원 유동 구조 및 유동 소음을 수치적으로 분석하기 위해 unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) 방정식과 Ffocws-Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) 방정식을 전산유체역학 기법에 기초하여 수치 해석하였으며, 실험 결과와의 비교를 통해 수치 기법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 윙렛 형상에 따른 날개 끝 와류와 누설 와류의 형성의 차이를 3차원 유동장을 통해 비교하고, 그에 따른 공기역학적 성능을 정량적으로 비교하였다. 또한, 예측 유동장을 바탕으로 소음을 수치적으로 모사하여 윙렛 형상이 유동 소음 측면에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 대상 팬 모델의 시제품을 제작하여 유동 및 소음 실험을 실시하여 실제 성능을 정량적으로 평가하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the proper reference line for taking axial computed tomograms from which the good cross-sectional views can be reformatted by multiplanar reconstruction. Methods : Three dry mandibles with implanted gutta percha cones in the extracted socket were scanned axially according to 6 reference lines of 2 mandibular positions with computed tomogram Hitachi W550. The accuracy of measurements of the lengths of implanted gutta perch a cones in the each cross-sectional view reformatted from axial computed tomogram by multiplanar reconstruction was evaluated. Results: The difference between the measurements and the real length of implant was smallest in the bucco-lingual views reformatted from the axial views scanned according to the reference line of group V-a. The smaller the angle difference between reference line and occlusal line was, the smaller the difference between the measurements in the bucco-lingual views reformatted from axial views and the real length of implant. The majority of measured widths of implants in the bucco-lingually reformatted views were larger than the actual values. Conclusions : When the mandible is inclined within the limitation of gantry angle and scanned with the reference line coincident with occlusal plane, the bucco-lingual view can be reformatted without deformation of images from the axially scanned images.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.717-726
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• 2010

For the application into a 1 kWh flywheel energy storage system(FESS), this paper presents the design scheme of radial and axial hybrid magnetic bearings which use bias fluxes generated by permanent magnets. In particular, the axial hybrid magnetic bearing is newly proposed in this paper, in which a permanent magnet is arranged in axial direction so that it can support the rotor weight as well as provide a bias flux for axial magnetic bearing. Such hybrid magnetic bearings consume very low power, compared with conventional electromagnetic bearings. In this paper, to stably support a 140 kg flywheel rotor without contact, design process is explained in detail, and magnetic circuit analysis and three-dimensional finite element analysis are carried out to determine the design parameters and predict the performance of the magnetic bearings.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2012

This study presents unsteady and unstable characteristics of three stage transonic axial compressor, developed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute. As approaching to the unstable operating region at the 103% design speed of the compressor, a modal type stall precursor appears in front of highly loaded 3rd rotor row at first, and it propagates to the upstream. On the contrary, actual stall cell initiates from the stall precursor in front of the 1st rotor row, and it propagates to the downstream of the compressor. After the stall region reached the 3rd stage and stall cell rotates circumferentially about 360 deg, it develops to one dimensional compressor surge mode. It shows a mild surge behaviour with 3~4 Hz frequency. From the test data, it can be suggested that there is a priority to give an optimum blade loading distributions to construct a multi stage transonic axial compressor stages either to secure more stable compressor operating ranges, or to maximize the compressor efficiency.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2017

An investigation on aerodynamic performance of a highly-loaded axial fan has been conducted to find the effects of tip injection and casing groove on aerodynamic performance in this study. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model were used to analyze the fluid flow in the fan with Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis. The hexahedral grid was used to construct computational domain, and the grid dependency test drew the optimal grid system. FSI analysis was also carried out to predict the deformation of rotor and stator blades, and the effect of deformation on the aerodynamic performance of axial fan was analyzed compared to the performance predicted without FSI analysis.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.795-804
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• 2002

The optimal design code of an axial flow pump has been developed to determine geometric and fluid dynamic variables under hydrodynamic as well as mechanical design constraints. The design code includes the optimization of the complete radial distribution of the geometry by determining the coefficients of 2$^{nd}$ order polynomials to represent the three-dimensional geometry. The optimization problem has been formulated with a nonlinear multivariable objective function, maximizing the efficiency and stall margin, while minimizing the net positive suction head required. Calculation of the objective function is based on the mean streamline analysis and through-flow analysis using the present state-of-the-art model. The optimal solution is calculated using the penalty function method in which the genetic optimizer is employed. The optimized efficiency and design variables are presented in this paper as a function of non-dimensional specific speed in the range, 2$\leq$ $n_{s}$ $\leq$10. The results can be used in preliminary design of axial flow pumps.