• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1288-1295
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• 2002

The column-type sensing element in building and mechanical construction parts was designed as three forces and three moments sensor by attaching strain gages approximately. Compared to conventional multi-component sensor, the designed sensor has high stiffness and low cost. The radius of the column was designed analytically and compared with finite element analysis. The interference errors between components were minimized by using addition and subtraction procedure of signals. The fabricated sensor was tested by using a deadweight force standard machine and a six-component force calibration machine. The calibration results showed that the 6-component forces and moments sensor had interference error less than 7.3 % between $F_x$ and $M_x$ components, and 5.0 % in case of other components.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

In this paper, a pixel value prediction algorithm using edge components in three directions is proposed. There are various directional edges and similarity between adjacent pixels in natural images. After detecting the edge components in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the diagonal axis direction, the pixel value is predicted by applying the detected edge components and similarity between neighboring pixels. In particular, the predicted pixel value is calculated according to the intensity of the edge component in the diagonal axis direction. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively predict pixel values. The proposed algorithm can be used for applications such as reversible data hiding, reversible watermarking to increase the number of embedded data.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.837-841
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• 2001

The column-type sensing element in building and mechanical construction parts was designed as three forces and three moments sensor by attaching strain gages approximately. Compared to conventional multi-component sensor, the designed sensor can solve the problem about low stiffness and high cost. The radius of the column was designed analytically and compared with finite element analysis. The coupling errors between components were minimized by using addition and subtraction procedure of signals. The fabricated sensor was tested by using a deadweight force standard machine and a six-component force calibration machine in Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS). The calibration showed that the multi-component force/moment sensor had coupling error less than 19.8 % between $F_x$ and $M_y$ components, and 9.0 % in case of other components.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.1157-1166
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• 2008

This paper presents a new approach for the evaluation of location marginal prices (LMPs) considering demand-side bidding (DSB) in a competitive electricity market. The stabilization of the electric power supply and demand balance is one of the major important activities in electric power industry. In this paper, we present an analytical method for calculation of LMPs considering DSB, which has opportunity to compete with generating units, as England & Wales Pool's DSB scheme[1]. Also, we propose a new approach that LMP considering DSB is divided into three components. The proposed approach can be used for the evaluation of demand-side bidding into the electricity market and the assessment of the influence of DSB on total production costs and LMPs as well as three components.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.523-533
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• 2020

This paper suggests three available methods for finding nonnegative estimates of variance components of the random effects in mixed models. The three proposed methods based on the concepts of projections are called projection method I, II, and III. Each method derives sums of squares uniquely based on its own method of projections. All the sums of squares in quadratic forms are calculated as the squared lengths of projections of an observation vector; therefore, there is discussion on the decomposition of the observation vector into the sum of orthogonal projections for establishing a projection model. The projection model in matrix form is constructed by ascertaining the orthogonal projections defined on vector subspaces. Nonnegative estimates are then obtained by the projection model where all the coefficient matrices of the effects in the model are orthogonal to each other. Each method provides its own system of linear equations in a different way for the estimation of variance components; however, the estimates are given as the same regardless of the methods, whichever is used. Hartley's synthesis is used as a method for finding the coefficients of variance components.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 1998

Volatile components were extracted from leaves of two Boxthorn (Lycium chinense M.) cultivars by using simultaneous distillation and extraction, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seventy components were identified : 13 acids, 15 alcohols, 18 hydrocarbons, 13 carbonyls, three esters, three ionones, and five others. The principal volatile components (and their peak area percentage) were n-pentanol (11.2～30.2%), phytol (14.5～28.3%), hexadecanoic acid (13.5～17.1%) 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1.5～4.2%), benzyl alcohol (1.9-4.8%), phenylacetaldehyde (1.8～3.2%), and octadecadienoic acid (1.7～10.7%). Fresh leaves showed much higher peak area than that of dried leaf in n-pentanol, n-hexanol, cis-2-penten-l-ol, cis-3-hexen-l-ol, benzyl alcohol, and $\beta$-phenylethyl alcohol, while dried leaves showed much higher content than that of fresh leaves in 9-hydroxytheaspran A, octadecanoic acid and octadecadienic acid.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.57-84
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• 2020

This study analyzes global inflation synchronization and derives policy implications for the Korean economy. Unlike previous studies that assume a single global inflation factor, this study investigates if inflation in Korea can be explained further by other global inflation factors. Our principal component analysis provides three principal components for global inflation that are linked to the Korea inflation rate - the first component is closely related to OECD inflation, and the second and third components reflect China's inflation. This study empirically demonstrates via in-sample fitting and out-of-sample forecasting that the three principal components of global inflation play a significant role in explaining and predicting Korean inflation in the short-term, while their role is limited in the mid-term. Domestic macroeconomic variables are found to be more important for the mid-term movements of the Korean inflation rate. The empirical results here suggest that the Bank of Korea should focus more on domestic economic conditions than on global inflation when implementing monetary policy because global factors are likely to be already reflected in domestic macro-variables in the mid-term.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.145-172
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• 1980

Draper and Lawrence (1965a) have given mixture designs for three factors when all the mixture components can vary on the entire factor space so that the region of interest is an equilateral triangle in two dimensions. In this paper their work is extended to the cases when the region of interest is an echelon, parallelogram, pentagon or hexagon, because of the restirctions imposed on some or all of the mixture components. The principles used in the choice of appropriate designs are those originally introduced by Box and Draper(1959). It is assumed that a response surface equation of first order is fitted, but there is a possibility of bias error due to presence of second order terms in the true model. Minimum bias designs for several cases of restricted regions of interest are illustrated.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.313-327
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to predict the effects of macroscopic and integrative therapies by finding active ingredients, potential targets of Astragalus membranaceus (Am) and Cornus officinalis (Co) for diabetic nephropathy. We have constructed network pharmacology-based systematic and network methodology by system biology, chemical structure, chemogenomics. We found several active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus (Am) and Cornus officinalis (Co) that were speculated to bind to specific receptors which had been known to have a role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Four components of Am and eleven components of Co could bind to iNOS; two ingredients of Am and six ingredients of Co could docking to cGB-PDE; one component of Am and nine components of Co could bind to ACE; three ingredients of Co with neprilysin; three components of Co with ET-1 receptor; four ingredients of Am and fourteen ingredients of Co with mineralocorticoid receptor; one component of Am and seven components of Co with interstitial collagenase; one ingredient of Am and ten ingredients of Co with membrane primary amine oxidase; one component of Am and four components of Co with JAK2; two ingredients of Am and one ingredient of Co with MAPK 12; one component of Am and five components of Co could docking to TGF-beta receptor type-1. From this work we could speculate that the possible mechanisms of Am and Co for diabetic nephropathy are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihypertensive effects.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

The testis is an extremely heterogeneous organ, containing numerous compartments types. Morphometric studies were performed of 3 avian species (pigeon, pheasant and chicken) to determine volume density absolute volume, numerical density, total number of serminiferous tubule components, and sperm production, especially those related to the Sertoli cell, and to make comparisons among the species. Volume density of seminiferous tubule components per testis was determined by point counting method. Testis volume and sperm production were measured by routine techniques. Numerical density (the number of cells per unit volume of testis) of seminiferous tubule components per testis was determined by morphometry (Floderus method). The volume density of seminiferous tubules per testis was 91.58, 92.18 and 94.21% in pigeon, pheasant, and chicken, respectively. The volume density of spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon, and Sertoli cell did not produce significant changes in the three species. The absolute volume of spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and Sertoli cell showed significant changes in the three species (p<0.05). The average volume of Sertoli cell ranged from 758.34(pheasant) to 1,212.9 ㎛$^3$(chicken) and was not significantoy different in the three species(p>0.05). The number of Sertoli cells per testis showed significant differences in the three species : 34.52 $\times$10(sup)6, 186.82$\times$10(sup)6, 810.62$\times$10(sup)6 in pigeon, pheasant, and chicken, respectively(p<0.05). The sperm production was significantly different in the three species : 3,018$\times$10(sup)6, 993.9$\times$10(sup)6, and 8.9$\times$10(sup)6 in chicken, pheasant, and pigeon, respectively(p<0.05). These results suggest that number of Sertoli cells may be more important than Sertoli cell size in explaining the difference in sperm production among the three species.