• 암석학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

Eonyang amethyst deposits are thought to be spatially and temporally associated with the biotite granite of the Kyeongsang Basin. The examined euhedral quartz crystals in cavities in the aplite intruded biotite granite are colored-zoned from white at the base to amethystine at the tops. Three types of primary Inclusions were observed and three is representing each types are constructed to constrain the trapping conditions and fluid evolution involved during the formation of the amethyst. The intersection of the isochore representing the early fluid inclusions with solidus temperature of the host granite indicates initial quartz formation at about $600^{\circ}C$ and 1.0-1.5 kbars . Intermediate quartz formation, associated with the high-salinity inclusions, occurred at somewhat lower temperatures ($400^{circ}c$) and pressures of about 1 kbar. The amethystine quartz formed from $H_2O$-$CO_2$-NaCl fluids at temperatures between 280-$400^{circ}c$ and pressures of about 1 kbar. Early quartz is interpreted to have formed from fluids that either exsolved from or were in equilibrium with the granite at near solidus conditions, whereas the amethystine quartz apparently grew from fluids of at least partial sedimentary origin.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2017

Objectives: This study attempted to provide basic data necessary for a prevention promotion program for oral health management in college students. Methods: This study investigated general characteristics and subjective periodontal health status using a structured questionnaire and examined the distribution of bacteria related to periodontal disease in oral cavity by real-time PCR in subjects composed of 57 male and female college students. Results: It was statistically significant that P. gingivalis was detected more frequently in smokers with 25% compared to non-smokers with 6.1%, not detected in subjects that engaged in tooth brushing more than three times a day, and was detected in subjects that engaged in tooth brushing fewer than three times a day with 21.1%. Pathogens in saliva had significant correlations with each other (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). P. gingivalis showed positive correlations with T. forsythia, T. denticola, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemocmitans, and T. forsythia with P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemocmitans. P. intermedia had a positive correlation with A. actinomycetemocmitans, and F. nucleatum with P. intermedia. Conclusions: Bacteria related to periodontal disease in oral cavities in college students were distributed in various ways, and smoking and the frequency of daily toothbrushing were found to be risk factors for the detection of bacteria.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.301-308
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• 1993

Three or 7day old piglets were infected experimentally with different encephalomyocarditis virus isolates to detect the viral antigen by the immunoperoxidase technique and to observe strain difference in their pathogenecity in newborn pigs by comparing clinical signs and pathologic lesions. Clinical signs of the infected pigs were different depending on the virus strain, pig age and infection route. Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV) NVSL-PR isolate was more pathogenic than MN-25 and MN-30 isolate. Three day old piglets showed more severe illness than 7 day old piglets. Predominant clinical signs were sudden death without noticeable clinical signs and dyspnea manifested as heavy abdominal breathing. Contact-infection from infected piglets to controls was observed in the oro-nasally infected group but not the intramuscular group. Common necropsy findings of dead piglets in both age groups infected with MN-25 and NVSL-PR were accumulation of excessive fluid in the body cavities and mild to diffuse necrotic areas observed in the hearts and occasionally in the livers. Microscopically, myocarditis with inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of the myocardial muscle fibers and occasional mineralization were observed along with interstitial pneumonia and centrolobular necrosis in the liver. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, viral antigen was detected in myocardial muscle fibers of piglets infected with EMCV.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2009

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 복합 레진(Z250)으로 수복한 5급 와동에서 변연부 미세누출에 대한 3종의 레진 표면 전색제(Fortify, Permaseal, Biscover LV)의 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 3개월 이내에 발거된 건전한 40개의 소구치와 대구치에 백악-법랑 경계를 중심으로 교합측 변연은 법랑질에, 치은측 변연은 백악질에 위치하도록 5급 와동을 협면과 설면에 각각 형성하였다. Clearfil SE bond와 복합 레진으로 충전한 치아를 무작위로 4개의 군으로 분류한 후 대조군을 제외한 실험군은 각각 20개의 와동에 레진 표면 전색제 3가지 제품을 각각 적용하고 24시간동안 생리식염수에 보관하였다. 보관한 시편을 열순환시킨 후 24시간 동안 2% methylene blue 염색 용액에 담가 두었다가 투명 레진에 매몰하였다. 매몰한 시편을 협설면의 충전물 중앙을 지나도록 절단한 후 현미경을 사용하여 교합면측과 치은측 변연부의 염색 용액의 침투도를 관찰함으로써 미세누출 여부와 정도를 분석하였다. 결과: 복합레진으로만 수복한 대조군은 실험군에 비해 교합면측과 치은측에서 미세누출이 컸으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 레진 표면 전색제를 적용한 실험군들 사이에는 교합면측과 치은측 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 각 군의 교합면측과 치은측의 변연 미세누출을 비교 시 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. Fortify는 대조군과 비교시 치은측에서는 통계적으로 유의한 미세누출 감소 효과가 없었다. 결론: 복합레진으로 충전한 5급 와동 변연에 레진 표면 전색제를 적용한 경우 교합면측과 치은측 변연에서 미세누출 감소 효과가 있었다. 그러나 치은측 변연은 레진 표면 전색제의 적용 후에도 미세누출을 보이므로 각별히 주의를 요해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2007

The crystal structure of ZnI2 molecule synthesized in zeolite A (LTA) has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. A single crystal of |Zn6|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA, synthesized by the dynamic ion-exchange of |Na12|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA with aqueous 0.05 M Zn(NO3)2 and washed with deionized water, was placed in a stream of flowing 0.05 M KI in CH3OH at 294 K for four days. The resulting crystal structure of the product (|K6Zn3(KI)3(ZnI2)0.5|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA, a = 12.1690(10) A) was determined at 294 K by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the space group Pm3m. It was refined with all measured reflections to the final error index R1 = 0.078 for 431 reflections which Fo > 4σ (Fo). At four crystallographically distinct positions, 3.5 Zn2+ and nine K+ ions per unit cell are found: three Zn2+ and five K+ ions lie on the 3-fold axes opposite 6-rings in the large cavity, two K+ ions are off the plane of the 8-rings, two K+ ions are recessed deeply off the plane of the 8-rings, and the remaining a half Zn2+ ion lie on the 3-fold axes opposite 6-rings in the sodalite cavity. A half Zn2+ ion and an I- ion per unit cell are found in the sodalite units, indicating the formation of a ZnI2 molecule in 50% of the sodalite cavities. Each ZnI2 (Zn-I = 3.35(5) A) is held in place by the coordination of its one Zn2+ ion to the zeolite framework oxygens and by the coordination of its two I- ions to K+ ions through 6-rings (I-K = 3.33(8) A). Three additional I- ions per unit cell are found opposite a 4-ring in the large cavity and form a K3I2+ and two K2ZnI3+ ionic clusters, respectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 이중 중합복합레진과 수평 포스트를 이용하여 수복한 치관-치근 복합파절 치아의 수직파절 저항성을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 48개의 발치된 사람의 소구치에 실험적으로 치관-치근 복합파절을 일으킨 후 대조군 및 3개의 실험군에 (n=12) 각각 할당하였다. 대조군에서는 치아 파절편을 레진시멘트를 이용하여 접착한 후 근관치료를 시행하고, 근관와동을 이중중합 복합레진을 사용하여 충전하였다. 실험군에서는, 각각의 치아에 근관치료를 시행한 후 레진-포스트 군에서는 근관와동을 수평 포스트 및 이중중합 복합레진을사용하여 충전하였다. 레진 군에서는 근관와동을 포스트 없이 이중중합 복합레진만 사용하여 수복하였으며 아말감 코어 군에서는 근관와동을 접착 아말감을 사용하여 수복하였다. 이렇게 수복된 치아를 처음과 같은 방법으로 다시 치관-치근 복합파절을 유도하여 이때의 파절 저항성을 기록하고 이 값과 처음 파절을 유도하였을 때의 파절 저항성의 비를 계산하고 각 군별로 차이가 있는 지 검증하기 위해 Kruskal-Wallis test를 시행하였다. 수복된 치아의 파절저항성은 레진-포스트군, 대조군, 레진군, 접착 아말감 순으로 높았으며, 이 실험결과로 볼 때,치관-치근 복합파절 치아의 수복 시 수평 포스트를 사용하는 것이 재파절 방지를 위해 효과적 일 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

Flight vehicles such as wheel wells and bomb bays have many cavities. The flow around a cavity is characterized as an unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices brought by the interaction between the free stream shear layer and the internal flow of the cavity. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect the aerodynamic performance and stability of the vehicle. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed for the cavity flows using the unsteady compressible three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation with Wilcox's turbulence model. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelized code was used for the calculations by PC-cluster. The cavity has aspect ratios (L/D) of 5.5 ~ 7.5 with width ratios (W/D) of 2 ~ 4. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are 0.4 ~ 0.6 and $1.6{\times}10^6$, respectively. The occurrence of oscillation is observed in the "shear layer and transient mode" with a feedback mechanism. Based on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) analysis of the pressure variation at the cavity trailing edge, the dominant frequencies are analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter's formula. The dominant frequencies are very similar to the result of Rossiter's formula and other experimental datum in the low aspect ratio cavity (L/D = ~4.5). In the high aspect ratio cavity, however, there are other low dominant frequencies of the leading edge shear layer with the dominant frequencies of the feedback mechanism.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

Flight vehicles such as wheel wells and bomb bays have many cavities. The flow around a cavity is characterized as an unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices brought about by the interaction between the free stream shear layer and the internal flow of the cavity. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect the aerodynamic performance and stability of the vehicle. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed for the cavity flows using the unsteady compressible three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation with Wilcox's turbulence model. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelized code was used for the calculations by PC-cluster. The cavity has aspect ratios (L/D) of 2.5 ~ 7.5 with width ratios (W/D) of 2 ~ 4. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are 0.4 ~ 0.6 and $1.6{\times}106$, respectively. The occurrence of oscillation is observed in the "shear layer and transient mode" with a feedback mechanism. Based on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) analysis of the pressure variation at the cavity trailing edge, the dominant frequencies are analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter's formula. The dominant frequencies are very similar to the result of Rossiter's formula and other experimental data in the low aspect ratio cavity (L/D = ~ 4.5). In the large aspect ratio cavity, however, there are other low dominant frequencies due to the leading edge shear layer with the dominant frequencies of the feedback mechanism. The characteristics of the acoustic wave propagation are analyzed using the Correlation of Pressure Distribution (CPD).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.203-214
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• 1993

With the use of a rat surgical model, the ability of carboxymethylcellulose and ibuprofen in the reduction of abdominal adhesion was examined. Seventy seven female rats were randomly divided into 7 groups : (1) control, (2) 2% CMC, (3) 3% CMC, (4) ibuprofen 25mg, (5) ibuprofen 50mg, (6) combination of ibuprofen 25mg and 2% CMC and(7) combination of ibuprofen 50mg and 3%, CMC. Following induction of abrasion injuries on ileum, colon and both uterine horns with a surgical blads, the rats in groups (2), (6) were infused with 2% CMC solution singly or in combined Infection of 25 mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days, the rats In groups (3), (7) were infused with 3% CMC solution singly or In combined Injection of 50mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days. The rats in groups (4), (5) were injected only with 25 mg or 50 mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days. After 10 days the abdominal cavities were opened and the appearance of formed adhesion were graded. The changes of body weight, CBC and blood chemicals were also evaluated at 3, 6 and 10 days after operation. In ileum, the rats in the groups (2), (6) and (7) showed less adhesion formation. In colon, there were significant differences(p<0.05) in adhesion formation in all treated groups as compared to control. In both uterine horns, there were significant decrease(p<0.05) of adhesion formation in groups(2), (6) and (7) in comparison with other groups. The increasing rate of body weight was evident in group (3) and fibrinogen concentrations at 6 and 10 days revealed significant decrease (p<0.01) in group (7), whereas there was no consistent change in CBC and blood chemicals. Therefore, it can be sugested that the infusion of 2% CMC solution with or without the injection of 25 mg/kg of ibuprofen and 3% CMC solution with the injection of 50 mg/kg of ibuprofen are effective and safe following abdominal surgery,

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 1999년도 제2회 학술발표회
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• pp.21-36
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• 1999

전기비저항 탐사는 국내에서 가장 성공적으로 적용되고 있는 물리탐사 기술의 하나로서 최근에는 토목 건설분야의 지반조사 등에서의 역할이 증대되고 있다. 이와 같은 역할의 증대에 따라 더욱 정확한 해석기법의 등장이 요구되었으며, 특히 국내의 경우 매우 복잡한 지질구조와 험난한 지형여건을 고려할 수 있는 해석기술이 요구되고 있다 이러한 맥락에서 최근에 3차원 전기비저항 탐사자료의 역산기술이 개발되었다. 개발된 3차원 전기비저항 역산법은 유한요소법을 이용한 3차원 전기비저항 모델링 알고리듬을 근간으로 함으로써 국내와 같이 험난한 지형 및 복잡한 지질구조에 대하여 정확한 지하구조의 3차원 영상을 제공할 수 있으며, 특히 ACB법 (Active Constraint Balancing method)의 채용으로 지하구조에 대한 분해능의 향상을 기대할 수 있게 되었다. 개발된 3차원 영상화 기술을 토대로 토목${\cdot}$건설분야의 지반조사에 3차원 전기비저항 탐사가 동원되고 있으며, 지반조사 대상지역에 있어서 중요한 지하구조에 대한 정보인 기반암 심도, 연약대 및 파쇄대 발달상황, 지하공동의 분포 등을 제공할 수 있었다.