• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2008

It is difficult for a MWR(Missile Warning Radar) to perform a threat decision accurately since there is no tracking part which gives more accurate threat information to the MWR. In this paper, the threat decision algorithm is proposed using an azimuth angular rate to improve the accuracy. The azimuth angular rate is dependent upon the direction of an approaching target. The target is classified into a threat or non-threat using a boundary condition of the azimuth angular rate. The boundary condition is determined using the Monte-Carlo simulation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using this condition at field tests of MWR. The efficiency of the proposed method for the threat decision is proved by comparing the results of field tests with the simulation results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1333-1339
• /
• 2009

A MWR(Missile Warning Radar) of GVES(Ground Vehicle Equipment System) has to effectively decide the threat for a detected target. Linear Approximation Fitting(LAF) and Weighted Linear Approximation Fitting(WLAF) algorithm is proposed as algorithm for a threat decision method. The target is classified into a threat or non-threat using a boundary condition of the angular rate, and the boundary condition is determined using probability model simulation. This paper confirms the performance of proposed threat decision algorithm using measurement.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.947-954
• /
• 2010

The decision of threat target in the MWR(Missile Warning Radar) of GVES(Ground Vehicle Equipment System) such as MBT(Main Battle Tank) is very important. Threat decision is judged by angular rate and the accurate azimuth calculation for good threat decision is very important. The angular rate is dependent upon the direction of an approaching target. The target is classified into a threat or non-threat using a boundary condition of the angular rate. This paper presents the eighth azimuth calculation methods and compares the results.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1017-1023
• /
• 2021

This research aims to determine the effect of customers' threat emotion and price on the decision to purchase a certain smartphone product. This study uses a quantitative method with a type of descriptive and causal research. It employs non-probability sampling with purposive sampling, with 385 respondents to answer the questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of descriptive analysis of emotion, price and purchasing decisions are in sync with each other. The results of multiple linear regression analysis techniques indicate the threat emotion and brand trust are influential against the positive decision to purchase smartphone products. The magnitude of the influence of emotions and price have simultaneous effect on purchasing decisions and other decision variables, which are not included in this study, also play minor role in determining purchase intention, such as product quality, brand image and others. Partially, threat emotion and brand trust have a positive effect toward purchasing decisions. The magnitude of the highest influence was the one of price, then followed by emotional threats. The findings of this study suggest that psychological and behavioral effects also play important roles in determining customers' purchase decision.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.715-721
• /
• 2012

A threat evaluation is the technique which decides order of priority about tracks engaging with enemy by recognizing battlefield situation and making it efficient decision making. That is, in battle situation of multiple target it makes expeditious decision making and then aims at minimizing asset's damage and maximizing attack to targets. Threat value computation used in threat evaluation is calculated by sensor data which generated in battle space. Because Battle situation is unpredictable and there are various possibilities generating potential events, the damage or loss of data can make confuse decision making. Therefore, in this paper we suggest that substantial threat value calculation using learning bayesian network which makes it adapt to the varying battle situation to gain reliable results under given incomplete data and then verify this system's performance.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.29-47
• /
• 2007

Threat is one special type of communication whereby one conveys opinion, knowledge, or attitude to another with an intention to influence and modify the latter's opinion or behavior. This research aims at identifying the antecedents and the effectiveness of threats applied in the process of purchasing decision-making. The research model integrates constructs derived from the literature of diverse discipline. The framework suggested explains the relative effects of threats, is tested empirically to verify the impacts on the influenced target's opinions and behaviors in buying centers. Data are collected from CAPM's members in Taiwan, and 208 respondents served as targets in the interpersonal relationships. LISREL findings indicate that threats are effective in winning a target's compliance. Additionally, influencing source's characteristics affect the choice of threats more strongly than target characteristics do. The relative ability of dependence on the source to cause manifest influence is even more significant than that of threats. Overall, the results of this study appear consistent with behavioral theories and research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2016

Threat evaluation is a process to estimate the threat score which enemy aerial threat poses to defended assets. The objective of threat evaluation is concerned with making an engagement priority list for optimal weapon allocation. Traditionally, the threat evaluation of massive air threats has been carried out by air defence experts, but the human decision making is less effective in real aerial attack situations with massive enemy fighters. Therefore, automation to enhance the speed and efficiency of the human operation is required. The automatic threat evaluation by air defense experts who will perform multi-variable judgment needs formal models to accurately quantify their linguistic evaluation of threat level. In this paper we propose a threat evaluation model by using a fuzzy rule-based inference method. Fuzzy inference is an appropriate method for quantifying threat level and integrating various threat attribute information. The performance of the model has been tested with a simulation that reflected real air threat situation and it has been verified that the proposed model was better than two conventional threat evaluation models.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.3245-3250
• /
• 2011

This study introduces a threat level assessment model adapting Fuzzy theories in order to help make decisions for better covering quantitative factors and qualitative ones together. The threat is classified into three major categories - one resulting from navigational condition, another from target vessel specification and the other from external decision environment. The threat levels by each category are examined by a fuzzy inference, and its corresponding weights are assigned via fuzzy measures. Finally the high level threat measures become integrated via a Choquet Fuzzy Integral method into ultimate threat level indicators.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 2009

In electronic warfare settings, battlefield helicopters identify various threats based upon threat data, which are acquired using their multi-sensors of aircraft survivability equipment (ASE). To continually function despite of potential threats and successfully execute their missions, the battlefield helicopters have to repeatedly report threats in simulated battlefield situations. Toward this ends, the paper presents threat unification using multi-sensor simulator and its implementation. The simulator consists of (1) threat attributes generator, which models threats against battlefield helicopters and defines their specific attributes, (2) threat data generator, which generates threats, being similar to real ones, using normal, uniform, and exponential distributions, and (3) graphic display for threat analysis and unification, which shows unified threat information, for example, threat angle and its level. We implement a multi-sensor threat simulator that can be repeatedly operable in various simulated battlefield settings. Further, we report experimental results that, in addition to tangibly modeling the threats to battlefield helicopters, test the capabilities of threat unification using our simulator.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.260-280
• /
• 2020

Cyber-attacks emerge in a more intelligent way, and various security technologies are applied to respond to such attacks. Still, more and more people agree that individual response to each intelligent infringement attack has a fundamental limit. Accordingly, the cyber threat intelligence analysis technology is drawing attention in analyzing the attacker group, interpreting the attack trend, and obtaining decision making information by collecting a large quantity of cyber-attack information and performing relation analysis. In this study, we proposed relation analysis factors and developed a system for establishing cyber threat intelligence, based on malicious code as a key means of cyber-attacks. As a result of collecting more than 36 million kinds of infringement information and conducting relation analysis, various implications that cannot be obtained by simple searches were derived. We expect actionable intelligence to be established in the true sense of the word if relation analysis logic is developed later.