• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.338-345
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• 2016

Neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with oxidative damage in neuronal cells. This study was conducted to investigate the neuro-protective effect of methanolic (MeOH) extract of Perilla frutescens var. japonica and its one of the major compounds, rosmarinic acid, under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in C6 glial cells. Exposure of C6 glial cells to $H_2O_2$ enhanced oxidative damage as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assays. The MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid prevented oxidative stress by increasing cell viability and inhibiting cellular lipid peroxidation. In addition, the MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid reduced $H_2O_2-indcued$ expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the transcriptional level. Moreover, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression was down-regulated in $H_2O_2-indcued$ C6 glial cells treated with the MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid. These findings suggest that P. frutescens var. japonica and rosmarinic acid could prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through attenuation of neuronal oxidative stress.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2008

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary mugwort on the proximate composition, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and fatty acid in chicken meats. One hundred sixty broiler chicks (1 d old) were assigned to one or four dietary groups: Control; commercial feed supplemented with 1% mugwort (T1); commercial feed with 3% mugwort (T2) and commercial feed with 5% mugwort (T3). After 42 d, broilers from each group were slaughtered and meat samples were vacuum packaged and stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ over a period of 0, 1,2,3, and 4 wk. Chicken breast was not influenced by all treatments in moisture, crude protein and crude fiber, while crude fat was lowered (p<0.05) in chickens fed with the T2 and T3 diets compared to the control and T1 diets. All treatments with mugwort diets tended to have decreased VBN values for chicken breast and thigh compared to control. As storage time increased, VBN was increased for all chickens (p<0.05). No significant differences in TBARS were observed among all treatments at 0 wk. TBARS values were reduced with the T2 and T3 diets and initially increased from 0 through 3 wk, then abruptly decreased at 4 wk. Dietary mugwort supplementation resulted in increased stearic acid (excepted T2) and oleic acid and decreased linoleic acid. Stearic acid in thigh meat was decreased in the T1, T2 and T3, however linoleic acid levels tended to increase with mugwort powder supplementation. It is concluded that dietary mugwort has a positive effect on increasing unsaturated fatty acid contents and decreasing saturated fatty acids.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2013

In this study, we selected some material to have potential bioactivity from natural plants, confirmed as basic data for industrializing and tried to develope the food materials using them. DPPH, ABTS, antioxidant protection factor, TBARs and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits were determined. The total phenolics extracted from Rosa multiflora were 12.08, 11.82, 11.1 and 12.6 mg/g when using water, 70% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% acetone as the solvent, respectively. The optimum conditions for extracting the phenolic compounds were 70% ethanol over for 12 hrs(11.82 mg/g). The electron donating ability and inhibition rate on ABTS of the 70% ethanol extracts were 97% and 92.2%, respectively while the antioxidant protection factor(PF) of the water extracts and 70% ethanol extracts were 1.79 and 1.34 PF, respectively. The TBAR (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) value were $1.3{\mu}M$ for the control and $0.15{\mu}M$ for the 70% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase was 26% for the 70% ethanol extracts. The 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits exhibited antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, S. epidermidis, S. aureusand and E. coli with clear zone diameters of 14, 25, 14 and 13 mm, respectively when using $200{\mu}g/mL$ of the phenolic compounds. An HPLC analysis identified 6 major phenolic metabolites in the Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits extracts: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, courmaric acid, protocatechuic acid and quercetin. In particular, the content of rosmarinic acid was the highest in the 70% ethanol extracts. Therefore these results indicate that 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits can be useful as a natural antioxidant and in functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2022

Curcuminoids in turmeric oleoresin (TO) are known to be effective antioxidants; they exhibit photosensitizing properties under light. In this study, the photoreactive properties of TO and its consequent induction of lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity were evaluated. TO exhibited photosensitizing activities as evidenced by the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium and by the decolorization of formazan under light, whereas light-irradiated TO did not enhance the levels of reactive oxygen species. The levels of hydroperoxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were significantly elevated under a fluorescent light (10 W/m²) in corn, canola, and soybean oils containing 10-40 and 20-80 ㎍/mL of TO (p<0.05) but not in olive oil. Canola oil was the most sensitive to photo-oxidation induced by TO. The level of TBARS from linoleic acid in the oil in water system was, however, decreased by TO under light. The cytotoxicity effect of TO on melanoma cells was also substantially enhanced under light.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.403-416
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• 2018

In this study, the dietary effects of probiotics with a liquid application system on meat quality and physicochemical characteristics of pigs were evaluated. A total of 80 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc (LYD) 3-way crossbred pigs (average age $175{\pm}5d$) were assigned to a conventional farm and a probiotics farm equipped with a liquid probiotics application system (40 pigs in each farm). The two treatments were: CON (diet without probiotics) and PRO (diet with probiotics). Dietary probiotics decreased shear force in the longissimus muscle compared to the control group (p<0.05). The treatment diet did not affect backfat thickness, carcass weight, meat color, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), and drip loss. Dietary probiotics significantly reduced ash, salinity, and pH (at 5 and 15 d) (p<0.05). There was no significant effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and omega fatty acids (${\omega}3$ and ${\omega}6$) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the PRO group, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was decreased. The free amino acid composition, serine, lysine, histidine, and arginine levels were significantly lower in the PRO than in the control group. The treatment group exhibited higher nucleotide compounds (hypoxanthine, inosine, GMP, IMP) than the controls. Also, levels of ascorbic acid and thiamin were significantly different (p<0.05), while minerals were not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, feeding of probiotics had effects on shear force, ash, salinity, pH, PUFA, and some amino acids which related to taste and flavor without any negative effects on the pigs' carcass traits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2005

It is known that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) shows a dual effect, prooxidant or antioxidant, depending on the do-sage or physiological status of animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of DHEA administration at low dose on lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and fatty acid composition in liver. Sprague Dawley male rats were fed either com oil diet containing $15\%$ com oil or fish oil diet containing $2\%$ corn oil + $13\%$ sardine oil, with or without $0.2\%$ DHEA for 9 weeks. Atherogenic index and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by DHEA administration in rats fed with fish oil diet. Hepatic lipid peroxide product (TBARS) and protein carbonyl levels were significantly higher in rats fed with fish oil diet than in rats fed with corn oil diet. However, DHEA administration significantly reduced the hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and conjugated diene levels in rats fed with fish oil diet. Contents of C16 : 0, C16 : 1, C20 : 5 and C22 : 6 in hepatic microsome were higher in rats fed with fish oil diet than in rats fed with corn oil diet, and contents of C18 : 2 and C20 : 4 were lower than in rats fed with com oil diet. DHEA administration significantly increased C16 : 0 and C18 : 3 contents and reduced C18 : 2 content in rats fed with com oil diet, while it increased C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 and reduced C20 : 5 and C22 : 6 in rats fed with fish oil diet. On overall, DHEA administration increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) and reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in hepatic microsome, thereby PUFA/SFA ratio was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced without the change of n-3/n-6 ratio. Taken together, low dose of DHEA administration lowered PUFA/SFA ratio in hepatic microsomal membranes and also showed antioxidative effect especially in fish oil-induced highly oxidative stress condition through blocking increases of C20 : 5 and C22 : 6 contents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2001

Male Sprageu-Dawely rats fed a cholesterol diet (Control group) or cholesterol diet supplemented with the water-soluble extract of stem bark from Cudrania tricuspidata(CTSB group) at the level of 0.5% for 2 weeks. Concentration of triglyceride in serum of CTSB group was significantly lower than that of control group. However, the other lipids concentrations of liver and serum, body weight gain, and food intake did not show significant difference between CTSB group and control group. Antioxidative activities of water-soluble extract from stem bark of Cudrania tricuspidata on the lipid peroxidation in rat were also studied in vivo by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS). Concentration of TBATS in the liver homogenates of CTSB group was significantly higher than that in control group. Nonheme iron concentration was significantly increased in the liver of CTSB group compared to control group. suggested that enhanced nonheme irom was associated with enhanced peroxidation of liver in CTSB group. These results suggested that water soluble extract from stem bark of Cudrania tricuspidata exert the hypotriglycerolemic effect and might amplify the lipid peroxidation of tissues in cholesterol fed rats.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.970-980
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• 2018

We evaluated the effects of pre-cooking methods on the quality of reheated marinated pork loin. Frozen marinated pork loins cooked using various methods (boiling, grilling, pan frying, infrared cooking, and superheated steam cooking) were reheated in a microwave, and their pH, color, cooking loss, re-heating loss, total loss, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, sensory properties, and shear force were determined. Although all parameters varied with different cooking methods, lightness values and TBARS values showed the tendency to decrease and increase, respectively, after reheating. Superheated steam-cooked samples showed the lowest values of cooking loss, total loss, TBARS value, and shear force (p<0.05) and the highest lightness, redness, and yellowssness values and juiciness, chewiness, and overall acceptability scores (p<0.05). These results show that pre-cooking with superheated steam maintains the quality characteristics of marinated pork loin upon reheating. Therefore, pre-cooking with superheated steam may be beneficial for the commercial distribution of frozen cooked marinated pork loin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powder and juice of Aster scaber on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Twenty one male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170.9$\pm$15.1g were blocked into 3 groups according to body weight and raised for 4 weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dried powder and juice from the same amount of Aster scaber. Food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weights were not different among all the experimental groups. On lipid metabolism, both dried powder and juice supplementation decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol and liver cholesterol levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations were significantly decreased in dried powder and juice groups, whereas liver TBARS concentrations were not affected by experimental diets. Red blood cell(RBC) superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly increased by dried powder and juice supplementation, while activities of other antioxidative enzymes in RBC and liver were decreased or showed no changes. In conclusion, both Aster scaber dried powder and juice had the effects on lowering lipid levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions, and inhibiting of plasma lipid peroxidation in animals and the effects of juice were higher than that of dried powder. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 375-383, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.687-696
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate effects of hesperidin and naringin on linpid peroxide formation and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured in plasma and liver. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in erythrocyte and liver. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dauley rats weighing 275.3$\pm$3.3g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and were raised fro four weeks on diets containing 0.25, 0.50 or 1.00%(w/w) hesperidin or naringin . Food intake, weight gain , food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen ,and epididymal fat pad were not significantly different among groups. In 0.50 and 1.00% naringin groups , plasma TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased with a dose response patter. In 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% hesperidin groups, liver TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased without a dose dependent patter. Antiosidative enzyme activities in erythrocyte and liver were not significantly affected by type and amountof dietary bioflavonoid, but in the 1.00% hesperidin group, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutahione perosidase activities in linver showed a tendency to increase. In conclusion, naringin inhibited lipid peroxide formation with a dose response pattern in plasma without changing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Hesperidin adminstration, regardless of the level in the diet, inhibited lipid peroxide formation in liver.