• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

The mechanical and physical properties of wood are strongly dependent upon the slope of grain. Specially, tensile strength is more severely affected by the slope of grain. Therefore, tension tests were performed on small thin wood samples made from Pinus radiata with varying the slope of grain. Determining the tensile strength for clear thin wood samples the other variabilities associated with material, size, drying, defects, etc were discarded. Slope of grain was measured by the slope of grain indicator and actual slope of grain was also determined by a protractor. Correlation coefficients between machine measured and actual slope of grain for 40 pieces of 2×20 mm, 300 mm long Pinus radiata were 0.84 for wide face measurement. Results also showed that tensile strength and MOE from stress wave tests decreased with increasing the slope of grain. This study did not establish a relationships for tensile strength and MOE from stress wave with slope of grain. However, the trends of MOEs from stress wave test with both slope of grain are agreed well with Hankinson's equation. Predicted tension strength curve by Hankinson's equation was also agreed well with the experimental data over the range from 0 to 13 degrees for slope of grain.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.7.1-7.10
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• 2020

Tantalum nitride (TaN_x) thin films were grown utilizing an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted direct current (DC) sputtering, and 20-100% improved microhardness values were obtained. The detailed microstructural changes of the TaN_x films were characterized utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as a function of nitrogen gas fraction and ICP power. As nitrogen gas fraction increases from 0.05 to 0.15, the TaN_x phase evolves from body-centered-cubic (b.c.c.) TaN_0.1, to face-centered-cubic (f.c.c.) δ-TaN, to hexagonal-close-packing (h.c.p.) ε-TaN phase. By increasing ICP power from 100 W to 400 W, the f.c.c. δ- TaN phase becomes the main phase in all nitrogen fractions investigated. The higher ICP power enhances the mobility of Ta and N ions, which stabilizes the δ-TaN phase like a high-temperature regime and removes the micro-voids between the columnar grains in the TaN_x film. The dense δ-TaN structure with reduced columnar grains and micro-voids increases the strength of the TaN_x film.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.982-989
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• 2004

The following is the conclusion drawn from a review on the clinical cases cured by Jaeumkangwha-tang in perspective of Hyungsang medicine. Jaeumkangwha-tang originated from the modified Jibaiksamul-tang in 'Manbyunghuichun(萬病回春)' and applied to the diseases induced by flaming fire due to deficiency of Yin. In 'Donguibogam', there are two kinds of Jaeumkangwha-tang. One in the chapter of kidney is mainly prescribed to replenish the Jung of kidney and applicable to the cases with configuration and symptom of kidney along with fire. The other one in the chapter of fire is applied to the symptoms of flaming fire due to deficiency of Yin. The characteristics of the patients treated by Jaeumkangwha-tang from the viewpoint of Hyungsang medicine can be classified as follows : ① configuration: Dam type, Shin type, inverted triangular type(:天垂象), bird type, round eyes, thin lips, slender waist, thin leg, pretty face, sparkling eyes, prominent upper lip and upward eyes and nose. ② color : dark red complexion, red cheek bone, red lips and red glabella. ③ pulse : fine and fast pulse and pulsation on the Chuk(尺) in man and so forth. ④ symptoms: agility, talkativeness, pimpled face, crooked back, weakness to the heat of summer, light eating, timidity, blood-shot eyes, night sweat, cough, abundant phlegm, hemoptysis, bloody spittle, enervation, emaciation, back pain, flaccidity of lower limbs, involuntary emission, nocturnal emission, heat sensation in the chest palms and soles, anger, flush on cheek bone, red lips and dry mouth, reddish tongue, stiff excrement, scanty yellow urine, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.58-61
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• 2016

Bulk GaN crystals were grown by the basic ammonothermal method. The c-plane GaN templates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy were used as seed crystals and sodium metal, amide, and azide were added as a mineralizer. The growth conditions are at temperatures from $500{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ and pressures from 2~3 kbar. The growth rate for the c-axis was increased with increasing the operating pressure. Average dislocation density was measured $1{\times}10^5/cm^2$ by the cathodoluminescence measurement. The full-width at half-maximum of the X-ray diffraction rocking curve for (002) reflection was approximately 270 arcsec for Ga face and 80 arcsec for N face.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2017

Periauricular paresthesia may afflict patients for a significant amount of time after facelift surgery. When performing face and neck lift surgery, temple and posterior auricular flap dissection is undertaken directly over the auriculotemporal, great auricular, and lesser occipital nerve territory, leading to potential damage to the nerve. The auriculotemporal nerve remains under the thin outer superficial fascia just below the subfollicular level in the prehelical area. To prevent damage to the auriculotemporal nerve and to protect the temporal hair follicle, the dissection plane should be kept just above the thin fascia covering the auriculotemporal nerve. Around the McKinney point, the adipose tissue covering the deep fascia is apt to be elevated from the deep fascia due to its denser fascial relationship with the skin, which leaves the great auricular nerve open to exposure. In order to prevent damage to the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve, the skin flap at the posterior auricular sulcus should be elevated above the auricularis posterior muscle. Fixating the superficial muscular aponeurotic system flap deeper and higher to the tympano-parotid fascia is recommended in order to avoid compromising the lobular branch of the great auricular nerve. The lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3) travels superficially at a proximal and variable level that makes it vulnerable to compromise in the mastoid dissection. Leaving the adipose tissue at the level of the deep fascia puts the branches of the great auricular nerve and lesser occipital nerve at less risk, and has been confirmed not to compromise either tissue perfusion or hair follicles.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.379-383
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• 2012

$TiO_2$ thin films consisting of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA) and negatively charged titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide(TALH) were successfully fabricated on glass beads by a layer-by-layer(LBL) self-assembly method. The glass beads used here showed a positive charge in an acid range and negative charge in an alkaline range. The glass beads coated with the coating sequence of(PDDA/TALH)n showed a change in the surface morphology as a function of the number of bilayers. When the number of bilayers(n) of the(PDDA/TALH) thin film was 20, Ti element was observed on the surface of the coated glass beads. The thin films coated onto the glass beads had a main peak of the (101) crystal face and were highly crystallized with XRD diffraction peaks of anatase-type $TiO_2$ according to an XRD analysis. In addition, the $TiO_2$ thin films showed photocatalytic properties such that they could decompose a methyl orange solution under illumination with UV light. As the number of bilayers of the(PDDA/TALH) thin film increased, the photocatalytic property of the $TiO_2$-coated glass beads increased with the increase in the thin film thickness. The surface morphologies and optical properties of glass beads coated with $TiO_2$ thin films with different coating numbers were measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and by UV-Vis spectrophotometry(UV-vis).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4126-4130
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• 2012

In this paper, we proposed planar spiral inductors based on AC coupling for high-frequency wireless signal transmission. Design and characteristics of various structures of the inductor were analyzed. Capacitance between the inductors can be reduced by positioning two thin-film inductors in parallel. So two structures were proposed. First structure is inter-diagonal structure. This structure was made not to overlap the wire part of the paralleled two inductors. Second structure is On-chip type structure that the two thin-film inductors were in parallel but located on diagonal line not to face each other. The resonance in this structure was reduced from twice to once by increasing horizontal distance between the two thin-film inductors, because the capacitance effect between the two thin-film inductors decreases when the distance between the two inductors increases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.376-381
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• 2019

In this work, we evaluated the structural, electrical and optical properties of $Ge_8Sb_2Te_{11}$ and Cu-doped $Ge_8Sb_2Te_{11}$ thin films prepared by rf-magnetron reactive sputtering. The 200-nm-thick deposited films were annealed in a range of $100{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ using a furnace in an $N_2$ atmosphere. The amorphous-to-crystalline phase changes of the thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-IR spectrophotometry, a 4-point probe, and a source meter. A one-step phase transformation from amorphous to face-centered-cubic (fcc) and an increase of the crystallization temperature ($T_c$) was observed in the Cu-doped film, which indicates an enhanced thermal stability in the amorphous state. The difference in the optical energy band gap ($E_{op}$) between the amorphous and crystalline phases was relatively large, approximately 0.38~0.41 eV, which is beneficial for reducing the noise in the memory devices. The sheet resistance($R_s$) of the amorphous phase in the Cu-doped film was about 1.5 orders larger than that in undoped film. A large $R_s$ in the amorphous phase will reduce the programming current in the memory device. An increase of threshold voltage ($V_{th}$) was seen in the Cu-doped film, which implied a high thermal efficiency. This suggests that the Cu-doped $Ge_8Sb_2Te_{11}$ thin film is a good candidate for PRAM.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.24
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• pp.29-60
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• 2003

The conservation problem of stone cultural properties is widely influenced by environmental pollution nowadays as well as agingsymptoms itself. Most stone cultural properties are directly affected by air pollution such as smoke, acid-rain, etc., resulting surface separation and pulverization. In the case of Ten storied pagoda of Gyeongcheonsa, once located in the center of the Seoul, the surface shows excessive contaminant by air pollution. It is very difficult to identify chemical structure and formation system of these contaminant. Also the discoloration and stains on the surface are not pleasant to see. Through the examination of the contaminant by SEM-EDS, it is observed that the major mineral is Gypsum and many other minerals were also revealed. The contaminant layer seems to be thin and wide at the south face of pagoda and thick and narrow at the north face. This distribution pattern could provide information on the surface characteristics of pagoda. Further, the information could help to identify the relationship between geological and environmental factors and the surface patterns.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2019

SHORT syndrome is an extremely rare congenital condition due to a chromosomal mutation of the PIK3R1 gene found at 5q13.1. SHORT is a mnemonic representing six manifestations of the syndrome: (S) short stature, (H) hyperextensibility of joints and/or inguinal hernia, (O) ocular depression, (R) Rieger anomaly, and (T) teething delay. Other key aspects of this syndrome not found in the mnemonic include lipodystrophy, triangular face with dimpled chin (progeroid facies, commonly referred to as facial gestalt), hearing loss, vision loss, insulin resistance, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 3q duplication syndrome is rare syndrome that occurs due to a gain of function mutation found at 3q25.31-33 that presents with a wide array of manifestations including internal organ defects, genitourinary malformations, hand and foot deformities, and mental disability. We present a case of a 2 year and 3 month old male with SHORT syndrome and concurrent 3q duplication syndrome. The patient presented at birth with many of the common manifestations of SHORT syndrome such as bossing of frontal bone of skull, triangular shaped face, lipodystrophy, micrognathia, sunken eyes, and thin, wrinkled skin (progeroid appearance). Additionally, he presented with findings associated with 3q duplication syndrome such as cleft palate and cryptorchidism. Although there is no specific treatment for these conditions, pediatricians should focus on referring patients to various specialists in order to treat each individual manifestation.