• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.779-789
• /
• 1998

In this paper, the thermal shock responses of collinear cracks in a layered medium are investigated based on the uncoupled, quasi-static plane thermoelasticity. The medium is modeled as a bonded structure composed of a surface layer and a semi-infinite substrate. Between these two dissimilar homogeneous constituents, a functionally graded interfacial zone exists with the nonhomogeneous features of continuously varying thermoelastic properties. Three cracks are assumed to be present in the layered medium, one in each one of the constituent materials, aligned collinearly normal to the nominal interfaces. A system of singular integral equations is solved, subjected to the forcing terms of equivalent transient thermal tractions acting on the locations of cracks via superposition. Main results presented are the transient thermal stress intensity factors to illustrate the parametric effects of various geometric and amterial combinations of the medium with the thermoelastically graded interfacial zone and the collinear cracks.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.88-97
• /
• 1996

The pupose of this study is to improve the mechanical properies and to evaluate the residual stresses of flame-sprayed Alumina ceramic coating layer. The first work in this study is to investigate the effects of strengthening heat treatments on the mechanical properties of coating layer. Strengthening heat treatments for sprayed specimens were carried out in vaccum furnace. The mechanical properties such as microhardness, thermal shock resistance, adhesive strength and erosion resistance were tested for the sprayed specimens after strengthening heat treatments. And it was clear that the mechanical properties of coating layer were much improved by strengthening heat treatments. The second work in this study is to evalute the residual stresses in coating lsyer by numerical analysis. FDM and FEM were used to analyze temperature distribution and residul stresses in coating layer. It was proved that are tensile stresses in coating layer and that residual stresses can be controlled by the appropriate selection of the spraying parameters such as preheat temperature, coating thickness and bond coat thickness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.567-587
• /
• 2016

The present investigation is to study the plane wave propagation and reflection of plane waves in a homogeneous transversely isotropic magnetothermoelastic medium with two temperature and rotation in the context of GN Type-II and Type-III (1993) theory of thermoelasticity. It is found that, for two dimensional assumed model, there exist three types of coupled longitudinal waves, namely quasi-longitudinal wave (QL), quasi-transverse wave (QTS) and quasi-thermal waves (QT). The different characteristics of waves like phase velocity, attenuation coefficients, specific loss and penetration depth are computed numerically and depicted graphically. The phenomenon of reflection coefficients due to quasi-waves at a plane stress free with thermally insulated boundary is investigated. The ratios of the linear algebraic equations. These amplitude ratios are used further to calculate the shares of different scattered waves in the energy of incident wave. The modulus of the amplitude and energy ratios with the angle of incidence are computed for a particular numerical model. The conservation of energy at the free surface is verified. The effect of energy dissipation and two temperatures on the energy ratios are depicted graphically and discussed. Some special cases of interest are also discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2008

Infrared (IR) detectors are widely used for such applications as thermoelastic stress analysis, medical diagnostics and temperature measurement. Infrared detectors commonly need to be refrigerated below 80 K, and thus a cooling system should be equipped together with the detector system. The cooling load, which should be removed by the cooling system to maintain the nominal operating temperature of the detector, critically depends on the insulation efficiency of the cryochamber housing the detector. Thermal load of a cryochamber is attributed to the conduction heat transfer through a cold finger, the gases conduction and radiation heat transfer. The thermal loads of an infrared detector cryochamber with a radiation shield are investigated experimentally in present study. Since the effect of radiation heat transfer on thermal loads is significant, radiation shields is installed in the cold finger part to protect heat input through radiation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-28
• /
• 2015

In this paper, the dynamic response of functionally gradient steel (FGS) composite cylindrical panels in steady-state thermal environments subjected to impulsive loads is investigated for the first time. FGSs composed of graded ferritic and austenitic regions together with bainite and martensite intermediate layers are analyzed. Thermo-mechanical material properties of FGS composites are predicted according to the microhardness profile of FGS composites and approximated with appropriate functions. Based on the three-dimensional theory of thermo-elasticity, the governing equations of motionare derived in spatial and time domains. These equations are solved using the hybrid Fourier series expansion-Galerkin finite element method-Newmark approach for simply supported boundary conditions. The present solution is then applied to the thermo-elastic dynamic analysis of cylindrical panels with three different arrangements of material compositions of FGSs including ${\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}M{\gamma}$, ${\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}{\beta}{\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}{\beta}{\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}$ composites. Benchmark results on the displacement and stress time-histories of FGS cylindrical panels in thermal environments under various pulse loads are presented and discussed in detail. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state of the art of this problem, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the design of FGS structures under time-dependent mechanical loadings.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.495-503
• /
• 2001

기능 경사 복합재에서는 열적 탄성 거동이 성분의 구성분포에 의해 명백하게 구분되어지도록 두가지의 성분입자들을 특정한 체적분율 분포에 따라서 혼합한다. 따라서, 설계자는 주어진 제약조건에 대해 목적하는 성능에 적합한 기능 경사 복합재를 설계하기 위해서 최적의 체적분율 분포를 결정해야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 금속과 세라믹으로 구성된 내열 기능 경사 복합재의 2차원 체적분율을 최적화하기 위하여 내부벌칙함수법과 유한차분법을 사용한 수치 최적화기법을 제안하였다. 최적화 효율을 위해 단일 설계변수의 유한개의 균질 사각형 격자로 기능 경사 복합재의 영역을 나누었다. 그렇지만, 연속적인 체적분율을 구현하기 위하여 최적설계 후에 전체적으로 연속적인 이차원 선형함수로써 불연속적인 체적분율을 보간하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.190-195
• /
• 2006

A simple and effective analysis method is presented for gaining a complete transient temperatures on the internal and external surfaces of a 40 mm gun tube subjected to a series of rapid firings. Two series of temperature data for both Hs and As were measured by using two rapid response k-type surface thermocouples near the firing origin and the muzzle. With other available temperature data, patterns of temperature variations of the gun tube as a function of time variable were driven through complete evaluations of the data. It is found that overall temperature gradients which increase exponentially toward saturation temperature, actually consist of a series of linear temperature gradients corresponding to the firing sequences. Under the similar firing sequences, patterns of temperature variations fur both the surface temperatures near the chamber and those near the muzzle were found to have linear temperature gradients with different values and the same response frequencies, i.e. they had peaks and lows in temperatures at the same time. The resultant complete temperature data can be used as the fundamental bases for analysis of thermoelastic properties of the materials such as thermal strain and stress, and f3r the prediction of cannon tube life-time through calculation of wear rate.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.372-377
• /
• 2001

Part I에서 도출된 기초 식을 적용하여 입자 분산 강화형, 섬유 강화형 및 적층형 복합재료의 유효탄성제수 및 열팽창계수를 산정 하였다. 일방향 섬유 강화 복합재료의 경우 섬유의 유효 축비 (aspect ratio)가 고려되었으며, 유효 탄성계수는 다른 연구 결과들과 비교하였다. 입자 분산 강화형 복합재료의 유효 체적탄성률 및 전단 탄성률은 Korner의 표식 및 Hanshin과 Shtrikman의 하한치 (lower bounds)와 일치하고 있다. 일방향 섬유 강화 복합재료에서는 6개, Hanshin과 Rosen의 모델에 나타낸 4개의 독립 탄성계수와 일치하고 있다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.169-185
• /
• 2023

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is the first instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). G-CLEF is a fiber feed, optical band echelle spectrograph that is capable of extremely precise radial velocity measurement. G-CLEF Flexure Control Camera (FCC) is included as a part in G-CLEF Front End Assembly (GCFEA), which monitors the field images focused on a fiber mirror to control the flexure and the focus errors within GCFEA. FCC consists of an optical bench on which five optical components are installed. The order of the optical train is: a collimator, neutral density filters, a focus analyzer, a reimager and a detector (Andor iKon-L 936 CCD camera). The collimator consists of a triplet lens and receives the beam reflected by a fiber mirror. The neutral density filters make it possible a broad range star brightness as a target or a guide. The focus analyzer is used to measure a focus offset. The reimager focuses the beam from the collimator onto the CCD detector focal plane. The detector module includes a linear translator and a field de-rotator. We performed thermoelastic stress analysis for lenses and their mounts to confirm the physical safety of the lens materials. We also conducted the global structure analysis for various gravitational orientations to verify the image stability requirement during the operation of the telescope and the instrument. In this article, we present the opto-mechanical detailed design of G-CLEF FCC and describe the consequence of the numerical finite element analyses for the design.