• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

The correlation between crack propagation and localized recrystallization are compared in a series of cross section analyses on thermal cycled edgebond and underfilm material applied wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) components with a baseline of no-material applied WLCSP components. The results show that the crack propagation distribution and recrystallization region correlation can explain potential degradation mechanisms and support the damage accumulation history in a more efficient way. Edgebond material applied components show a shift of damage accumulation to a more localized region, thus potentially accelerated the degradation during thermal cycling. Underfilm material applied components triggered more solder joints for a more wider distribution of damage accumulation resulting in a slightly improved thermal cycling performance compared to no-material applied components. Using an analysis on localized distribution of recrystallized areas inside the solder joint showed potential value as a new analytical approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.620-625
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• 1995

Finite element analysis tool was developed to analyze the casting process. Generally, casting processes consists of mold filling and solifification. In order to investigate the effects of process variables and to predict the defects, both filling and solidiffication process were simulated simultaneously. At filling process, especiallywe consider thermal coupling to investigate thermal history of material during the filling stage. And thermal condition at the final stage of filling is used as the initial conditions in a solidification process for the exact simulation of the actual casting processes. At mold filling process, Lagrangian-type finite element method with automatic remashing scheme was used to find the material flow. To avoid numerical instability in low viscous fluid, a perturbation method with artificial viscosity is adopted. At solififfication process, enthalpy-based finite element method was used to solve the heat transfer problem with phase change. And elastic stress analysis has been performed to predict the thermal residual stress. Through the FE analysis, solidiffication time, position of solidus line, liquidus line and thermal residual stress are studied. Finite element tools developed in this study will be used process design of casting process and maybe basic structure for total CAE system of castigs which will be constructed afterward.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1204-1209
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• 2005

In-situ measurement was made to evaluate chiller performance and thermal storage density of an ice thermal storage system. The system belonged to a big hotel and the measurement was conducted during late October. Owing to very small cooling load, the data logging was possible for a single thermal storage cycle. However, operation history of the chiller showed a relatively good spectrum of data for performance evaluation. COP and thermal storage density were calculated. The COP at full load was about 4.07, which was lower than $4.8\~6.4$ of new chillers. The measured storage density was about $10.9RT-h/m^3\;(=152MJ/m^3)$, which also was lower than a criterion of normal performance $(above\;13.0RT-h/m^3\;or\;181MJ/m^3)$. The study result provides technical basis for quantitative ESCO business scenario.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.793-802
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• 1991

The multicrystalline machinable ceramics was fabricated by melting method using domestic pyrophyllite. After determination of optimum crystallization temperature and time from results of DTA, XRD and SEM, base glasses were heat treated by 2-step schedule. Main crystalline phases identified by XRD, EDX were Na-fluorophlogopite, ${\beta}$-spoduemen and ${\alpha}$-cordierite, and the crystallization condition of these crystals was varied with chemical composition, thermal history and nucleation agents. The thermal, chemical properties of prepared samples were excellent.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.470-484
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• 1998

An analysis program for the evaluation of pressure vessel integrity under pressurized thermal shock (PTS) is developed. For given material properties and transient history such as temperature and pressure, the stress distribution is calculated and then stress intensity factors are obtained for a wide range of crack sizes. The stress intensity factors are compared with the fracture toughness to check if cracking is expected to occur during the transient. Using this program a round robin problem of PTS during a small break loss of coolant transient has been analyzed as a part of the international comparative assessment study. The allowable maximum reference nil-ductility transition temperatures are determined for various crack sizes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.6-6
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• 2000

On-orbit thermal behavior of KOMPSAT (Korea Multi-purpose Satellite) propulsion system employing hydrazine (N$_2$H$_4$) liquid monopropellant is addressed. Thermal control performance to prevent propellant freezing in spacecraft-operational orbit was verified by flight telemetry data obtained during LEOP (Launch and Early Operation Phase). Results are depicted in terms of temperature history during several orbits selected and are compared with acceptable temperature ranges of system components. Cyclic behavior of temperature is reduced into duty cycles of the avionics heaters and subsequently converted into the electrical power required to keep away from propellant freezing. Temperature of each component which was achieved under on-ground thermal-balanced condition of spacecraft, is presented for comparison with the flight data, additionally.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.07a
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• pp.162-165
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• 1991

Oxygen behaviors in CZ-silicon wafer, grown by the Lucky Advanced Materials Inc. that is a pioneer of silicon material industries in Korea, were investigated to simulate effects on the device performance of oxygen, neglecting the effect of other impurity content, defects and thermal history. Silicon wafers were annealed through simulated 16K SRAM thermal cycle. As initial oxygen concentration increased up to 16.7ppma the amount of oxygen precipitation increased up to 10.6ppma and the bulk microdefect density increased up to $10.3{\times}10^3/mm^2$, but the depth of the denuded zone decreased to $5.0{\mu}m$

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 1995

As a basic research for the automation of plate forming process, the theoretical aspect of plate bending by line heating was surveyed and numerical simulation of plate bonding deformation was performed using the 3-dimensional nonlinear transient thermal elasto-plastic finite element analysis. Analyzing the unsteady heat conduction problem of the flat steel plate under heat flux input by gas torch, the time history of 3-dimensional thermal distribution was obtained. Transient thermal deformation process of the plate was analyzed under the thermal loading. And the calculated results are investigated in detail.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.315-326
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• 2017

In this work, thermoelastic dynamic behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) cylinders subjected to mechanical pressure loads, uniform temperature environment or thermal gradient loads is investigated by a mesh-free method. The material properties and thermal stress wave propagation of the nanocomposite cylinders are derived after solving of the transient thermal equation and obtaining of the time history of temperature field of the cylinders. The nanocomposite cylinders are made of a polymer matrix and wavy single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The volume fraction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are assumed variable along the radial direction of the axisymmetric cylinder. Also, material properties of the polymer and CNT are assumed temperature-dependent and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite are estimated by a micro mechanical model in volume fraction form. In the mesh-free analysis, moving least squares shape functions are used to approximate temperature and displacement fields in the weak form of motion equation and transient thermal equation, respectively. Also, transformation method is used to impose their essential boundary conditions. Effects of waviness, volume fraction and distribution pattern of CNT, temperature of environment and direction of thermal gradient loads are investigated on the thermoelastic dynamic behavior of FG-CNTRC cylinders.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.5216-5220
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• 2010

Rheological measurement of a thermotropic liquid crystalline poymer (TLCP) is not an easy task since their rheological responses are strongly influenced by a thermal history during a processing and thus the reproducibility of the measurement is poor. In order to find out a cause for the strong influence of the thermal history, rheological measurements and DSC observations of the TLCP having various thermal histories were carried out. It was observed that the TLCP used in this study shows liquid-like behavior at a temperature above a crystal-nematic transition temperature ($280^{\circ}C$), but at the same time crystallization can occur at this temperature range and as a consequence the viscosity of the polymer continuously increases. When the samples are heated beyond the $320^{\circ}C$, all crystals thus formed and the thermal histories were observed to disappear. Crystallization rate of the samples annealed above $320^{\circ}C$ was very low at even the lowed temperature ($280^{\circ}C\;{\sim}\;320^{\circ}C$). Therefore, it is concluded that rheological measurements of TLCP used in this study must be performed after annealed above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature for better reproducibility.