• Title/Summary/Keyword: Thermal conductivity

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Predicting the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Some Sand-Water Mixtures Used for Backfilling Materials of Ground Heat Exchanger (지중열교환기 뒤채움재로 사용되는 모래-물 혼합물의 열전도도 예측)

  • Sohn, Byong-Hu
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.614-623
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the thermal conductivity of and(silica, quartzite, limestone, sandstone, granite and two masonry sands)-water mixtures used for ground heat exchanger backfilling materials. Nearly 260 tests were performed in a thermal conductivity measuring system to characterize the relationships between the thermal conductivity of mixtures and the water content. The experimental results show hat the thermal conductivity of mixtures increases with increasing dry density and with increasing water content. The most widely used empirical prediction models for thermal conductivity of soils were found inappropriate to estimate the thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand-water mixtures. An improved model using an exponential relationship to compute the thermal conductivity of dry sands and empirical relationship to assess the normalized thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand-water mixtures is presented.

Predicting the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Sand-Water Mixtures Used for Grouting Materials (그라우팅 재료로 사용되는 모래-물 혼합물의 열전도도 예측)

  • Sohn, Byong-Hu;Lim, Hyo-Jae
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.761-768
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the thermal conductivity of sand(silica, quartzite, limestone, sandstone, granite and masonry sand)-water mixtures used in ground heat exchanger backfilling materials. Nearly 260 tests were performed in a thermal conductivity measuring system to characterize the relationships between the thermal conductivity of mixtures and the water content. The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity of mixtures increases with increasing dry density and with increasing water content. The most widely used empirical prediction models for thermal conductivity of soils were found inappropriate to estimate the thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand-water mixtures. An improved model using a exponential relationship to compute the thermal conductivity of dry sands and empirical relationship to assess the normalized thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand-water mixtures is presented.

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Thermal transport study in actinide oxides with point defects

  • Resnick, Alex;Mitchell, Katherine;Park, Jungkyu;Farfan, Eduardo B.;Yee, Tien
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.1398-1405
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    • 2019
  • We use a molecular dynamics simulation to explore thermal transport in oxide nuclear fuels with point defects. The effect of vacancy and substitutional defects on the thermal conductivity of plutonium dioxide and uranium dioxide is investigated. It is found that the thermal conductivities of these fuels are reduced significantly by the presence of small amount of vacancy defects; 0.1% oxygen vacancy reduces the thermal conductivity of plutonium dioxide by more than 10%. The missing of larger atoms has a more detrimental impact on the thermal conductivity of actinide oxides. In uranium dioxide, for example, 0.1% uranium vacancies decrease the thermal conductivity by 24.6% while the same concentration of oxygen vacancies decreases the thermal conductivity by 19.4%. However, uranium substitution has a minimal effect on the thermal conductivity; 1.0% uranium substitution decreases the thermal conductivity of plutonium dioxide only by 1.5%.

Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Grouting Materials for Ground Heat Exchanger Borehole (지중 열교환기 보어홀 그라우팅 재료의 열전도도 측정)

  • Sohn, Byong-Hu;Shin, Hyun-Joon
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.493-500
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    • 2006
  • This paper concerns the measurement of thermal conductivity of grouting materials for ground loop heat exchanger. A thermal conductivity meter, QTM-500 based on modified transient hot wire method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of neat bentonite and mixtures of bentonite and various additives. Relative to the total mixture mass, as the percent additive was increased the mixture thermal conductivity increased. For the bentonite-silica sand mixtures, the higher density of the sand particles resulted in much higher mixture thermal conductivity. The quartzite and silica sands produced the largest increases in mixture thermal conductivity, while common masonry and limestone sands produced lower thermal conductivity increases.

Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Sand-Water Mixtures Used for Backfilling Materials of Vertical Boreholes or Horizontal Trenches (지중열교환기 수직 보어홀 및 수평 트렌치 뒤채움재로서 모래-물 혼합물의 열전도도 측정)

  • Sohn, Byong-Hu
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.342-350
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the thermal conductivity of sand (silica, quartzite, limestone and masonry sand)-water mixtures used in ground heat exchanger backfilling materials. Nearly 150 tests were performed in a thermal conductivity measuring system (TPSYS02) to characterize the relationships between the thermal conductivity of mixtures and the water content. The results show that the thermal conductivity of mixtures increases with increasing dry density and with increasing water content. The results also show that for constant water contents and a dry density value, the thermal conductivity of mixtures increases with increasing thermal conductivity of solid particles. The measurement results were also compared with the most widely used empirical prediction models for the thermal conductivity of soils.

Effect of Thermal Grease on Thermal Conductivity for Mild Steel and Stainless Steel by ASTM D5470 (ASTM D5470 방법으로 연강과 스테인리스강의 열전도도 측정시 열그리스의 영향)

  • Cho, Young-Wook;Hahn, Byung-Dong;Lee, Ju Ho;Park, Sung Hyuk;Baeg, Ju-Hwan;Cho, Young-Rae
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.443-450
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    • 2019
  • Thermal management is a critical issue for the development of high-performance electronic devices. In this paper, thermal conductivity values of mild steel and stainless steel(STS) are measured by light flash analysis(LFA) and dynamic thermal interface material(DynTIM) Tester. The shapes of samples for thermal property measurement are disc type with a diameter of 12.6 mm. For samples with different thickness, the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity are measured by LFA. For identical samples, the thermal resistance($R_{th}$) and thermal conductivity are measured using a DynTIM Tester. The thermal conductivity of samples with different thicknesses, measured by LFA, show similar values in a range of 5 %. However, the thermal conductivity of samples measured by DynTIM Tester show widely scattered values according to the application of thermal grease. When we use the thermal grease to remove air gaps, the thermal conductivity of samples measured by DynTIM Tester is larger than that measured by LFA. But, when we did not use thermal grease, the thermal conductivity of samples measured by DynTIM Tester is smaller than that measured by LFA. For the DynTIM Tester results, we also find that the slope of the graph of thermal resistance vs. thickness is affected by the usage of thermal grease. From this, we are able to conclude that the wide scattering of thermal conductivity for samples measured with the DynTIM Tester is caused by the change of slope in the graph of thermal resistance-thickness.

Experimental investigation on the variation of thermal conductivity of soils with effective stress, porosity, and water saturation

  • Lee, So-Jung;Kim, Kyoung-Yul;Choi, Jung-Chan;Kwon, Tae-Hyuk
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.771-785
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    • 2016
  • The thermal conductivity of soils is an important property in energy-related geotechnical structures, such as underground heat pumps and underground electric power cable tunnels. This study explores the effects of geotechnical engineering properties on the thermal conductivity of soils. The thermal conductivities of quartz sands and Korean weathered silty sands were documented via a series of laboratory experiments, and its variations with effective stress, porosity, and water saturation were examined. While thermal conductivity was found to increase with an increase in the effective stress and water saturation and with a decrease in porosity, replacing air by water in pores the most predominantly enhanced the thermal conductivity by almost one order of magnitude. In addition, we have suggested an improved model for thermal conductivity prediction, based on water saturation, dry thermal conductivity, saturated thermal conductivity, and a fitting parameter that represents the curvature of the thermal conductivity-water saturation relation.

Effect of Bentonite Type on Thermal Conductivity in a HLW Repository

  • Lee, Gi-Jun;Yoon, Seok;Cho, Won-Jin
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.331-338
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    • 2021
  • Extensive studies have been conducted on thermal conductivity of bentonite buffer materials, as it affects the safety performance of barriers engineered to contain high-level radioactive waste. Bentonite is composed of several minerals, and studies have shown that the difference in the thermal conductivity of bentonites is due to the variation in their mineral composition. However, the specific reasons contributing to the difference, especially with regard to the thermal conductivity of bentonites with similar mineral composition, have not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, bentonites with significantly different thermal conductivities, but of similar mineral compositions, are investigated. Most bentonites contain more than 60% of montmorillonite. Therefore, it is believed that the exchangeable cations of montmorillonite could affect the thermal conductivity of bentonites. The effect of bentonite type was comparatively analyzed and was verified through the effective medium model for thermal conductivity. Our results show that Ca-type bentonites have a higher thermal conductivity than Na-type bentonites.

Characterization of Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Semiconducting Materials (반도체 재료의 격자열전도도 분석)

  • Lim, Jong-Chan;Yang, Heesun;Kim, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.61-65
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    • 2020
  • Suppressing lattice thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials is one of the most popular approach to improve their thermoelectric performance. However, accurate characterization of suppressed lattice thermal conductivity is challenging as it can only be acquired by subtracting other contributions to thermal conductivity from the total thermal conductivity. Here we explain that electronic thermal conductivity (for all materials) and bipolar thermal conductivity (for narrow band gap materials) need to be determined accurately first to characterize the lattice thermal conductivity accurately. Methods to calculate Lorenz number for electronic thermal conductivity (via single parabolic model and using a simple equation) and bipolar thermal conductivity (via two-band model) are introduced. Accurate characterization of the lattice thermal conductivity provides a powerful tool to accurately evaluate effect of different defect engineering strategies.

Thermal conductivity of rocks for geothermal energy utilization (지열에너지 활용을 위한 암석의 열전도도 고찰)

  • Lee, Young-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2007
  • Thermal conductivity of rocks is one of the most important parameters in designing a geothermal heat pump system, because heat exchange rate depends primarily on thermal conductivity of rocks. In this paper, the measurement methods of thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity of rocks, and heat exchange rate are discussed.

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