• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2010

Tropical inhabitants are able to tolerate heat through permanent residence in hot and often humid tropical climates. The goal of this study was to clarify the peripheral mechanisms involved in thermal sweating pre and post exposure (heat-acclimatization over 10 days) by studying the sweating responses to acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter of sudomotor activity, in healthy subjects (n=12). Ten percent ACh was administered on the inner forearm skin for iontophoresis. Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing, after iontophoresis (2 mA for 5 min) with ACH, was performed to determine directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating during ACh iontophoresis. The sweat rate, activated sweat gland density, sweat gland output per single gland activated, as well as oral and skin temperature changes were measured. The post exposure activity had a short onset time (p<0.01), higher active sweat rate [(AXR (p<0.001) and DIR (p<0.001)], higher sweat output per gland (p<0.001) and higher transepidermal water loss (p<0.001) compared to the pre-exposure measurements. The activated sweat rate in the sudomotor activity increased the output for post-exposure compared to the pre-exposure measurements. The results suggested that post-exposure activity showed a higher active sweat gland output due to the combination of a higher AXR (DIR) sweat rate and a shorter onset time. Therefore, higher sudomotor responses to ACh receptors indicate accelerated sympathetic nerve responsiveness to ACh sensitivity by exposure to environmental conditions.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

This study reviews studies that used skin temperature in order to establish an emotion evaluation protocol based on skin temperature for home appliances. A survey of skin temperature evaluation papers was conducted by the following five stages: (1) keyword search, (2) title screening, (3) abstract screening, (4) full paper screening, and (5) relevance evaluation. Selected papers were reviewed for: purpose, recruitment criteria of participants, the number of participants, apparatus, procedure, measures, analysis methods, and major findings. Thermistor sensors and thermography are used for the measurement of skin temperature. Skin temperature sensors are attached to 4 - 10 locations on the body and their mean of skin temperature is calculated by Ramanatan's 4-point or Hardy & Dubois's 7-point method. Semantic differential (SD) method and thermography measuring facial surface temperature have been used for emotion evaluation. The SD method provides a set of adjective pairs related to a product and evaluates changes in emotion from the use of the product. The range of facial surface analyzed is defined in the thermal image and temperature changes before and after the evaluation are analyzed. The evaluation items of home appliances include form, color, material, aesthetics, satisfaction, novelty, convenience, pleasantness, and excellence. Many existing emotion studies using skin temperature do not apply physiological and psychological methods. This study provides basic data to establish a skin temperature and emotion evaluation protocol by examining literature for skin temperature and evaluation of sensitivity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop the cold chain system by developing optimal phase change materials (PCM). There are some benefits from developing this system such as keeping freshness of agriculture products, saving energy, etc. The major results are as follows. To decide a latent heat material, the characteristics of water, sodium, polyacrylate, ethanol and N-tetradecane are analysed. Also, an insulating material is made by mixing water, nucleating agent and latent heat material, using cementing method. In addition, the sensitivity analysis for developed latent heat material($K_l,\;K_2,\;K_3$) is conducted. For $K_l,\;K_2,\;K_3$ which cans keep latent heat temperature, ranging from $0\;to\;5^{\circ}C,\;5\;to\;10^{\circ}C,\;10\;to\;15^{\circ}C$. it can keeps latent heat temperature at radiant heat (5, 12, $17^{\circ}C$) and transportation latent heat container both melting temperature and amount of latent heat of Kl are $-1.6{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 326.51 J/g, respectively and freezing temperature and latent heat are $-7.98{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ and 174.18 J/g. and $K_2$ are $7.41{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, 89.80 J/g, respectively and freezing temperature and latent heat are $-2.14{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ and 83.90 J/g. and $K_3$ are $9.54{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 145.42 J/g, respectively and freezing temperature and latent heat are $0.21{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and 152.48 J/g.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2005

Pre-dose 연대측정법은 석영의 $110^{\circ}C$ TL 피크의 민감도가 매장 기간 동안 시료가 흡수한 pre-dose와 활성 온도까지의 열처리에 의해 변화되는 pre-dose 현상을 이용한 연대측정법이다. 이 연구에서는 서천 추동리 문화유적에서 채집된 후 화학적으로 분리된 석영시료를 대상으로 pre-dose 연대측정을 실시하였다. 자연축적선량 결정을 위하여 MA(Multiple Activation)법이 적용되었으며 활성온도는 시료의 민감도 변화를 고려하여 $500^{\circ}C$로 결정하였고 냉광(luminescence)의 합산은 $85-105^{\circ}C$ 영역에서 이루어졌다. 최종적으로 산출된 시료의 연대는 $1725{\pm}25$년(1 ${\sigma}$ SD)이었으며 오차 범위 내에서 방사성탄소 연대측정 결과와 정확히 일치하고 radiocarbon plateau에 포함된 방사성탄소 연대측정보다 높은 정밀도를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 pre-dose 연대측정을 통하여 산출된 연대는 정밀도와 정확도의 높은 증가로 인하여 기원 이후의 고고학적 사건들에 대한 지시자로서의 역할이 가능하리라 기대된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
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• pp.399-402
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• 2002

This paper is researched that electric characteristic of Digital x-ray radiography technique with changing composition ratio of Iodine. Dopant material, Iodine is evaporated with amorphous selenium. Thorugh the old papers say, doponted Iodine will be down the created trap level because of Arsenic dopant material in amorphous selenium. Arsenic material of Composition ratio in amorphous selenium is fixed with 0.3% and test sample is deposited composition of 30, 100, 300, 500, 700ppm with thermal evaporate system. Experimental measurement is performed by dark current and x-ray sensitivity in amorphous selenium based radition detector sensor. Fabricated test sample thickness is $30{\mu}m$ and injected voltage is $3{\mu}m$，$6{\mu}m$，$9{\mu}m$ to both electrode. Experimental results showed that the net charge of composition rate of 30ppm is 398.88 pc/mR/$cm^2$ very high. And increase of the Iodine composition ratio is tendency to the decrease of net charge. Doping changing composition of Iodine in amorphous selenium detector offered to basical information of amorphous selenium material.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2018

고체 점화제 $BKNO_3$는 항공우주 및 유도탄 등의 점화제로 널리 적용되는데 본 연구에서는 $BKNO_3$의 제조공정과 특성평가를 수행하였다. 이 고체 점화제는 금속분말과 산화제 그리고 유기 고분자물질(결합재)로 구성된다. 증발법(evaporation process)을 사용하여 원료들을 균질하게 혼합하였다. CEA 프로그램을 사용하여 $BKNO_3$의 물질특성 및 열적 반응 해석을 통한 최적 조성비를 설계하였으며, 입도, 형상, 감도, 열량 분석 등의 특성 평가를 수행하여 결과를 분석하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cold hypersensitivity and bone mineral density. Methods 28 outpatients who visited OO University Oriental Hospital from July 11th, 2013 to August 28th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference greater than 0.3 ℃ between upper arm and palm and also with more than VAS 4 of cold hypersensitivity were diagnosed with cold sensitivity. Lumba spine (L2-4) and heel bone measurement were obtained on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). Results 1. There was statistically significant correlation between T-score of DEXA and body weight (0.522), BMI (0.643), OSTA (Osteoporosis elf-assesment Tool for Asians, 0.579), BMI, T-score and Z-score of QCT. OSTA and T-score of QCT (0.521) also had statistically significance. 2. There was no statistically significant correlation between body fat, abdominal obesity rate, degree of cold hypersensitivity, upper arm and palm's temperature difference, palm temperature, height and Z-score, T-score of QCT or T-sore of DEXA. Conclusions Bone mineral density was lower in women who had cold hypersensitivity of hand and feet. But there was no statistically significant correlation between bone mineral density and degree of cold hypersensitivity, upper arm and palm’s temperature difference.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.284-288
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• 2017

In order to investigate the ultraviolet-excited photoluminescence properties of phosphor coatings and their relationship to thickness, Lumogen coatings with different thicknesses were deposited on quartz substrates and charge-coupled device chips by thermal evaporation. The variation of the film thickness affected the crystallite size, surface roughness and fluorescence signal. It was found that the Lumogen coating with the thickness of 420 nm has the largest luminescent signal and conversion efficiency, and the corresponding coated charge-coupled devices had the maximum quantum efficiency in the ultraviolet. These results provided one key parameter for improving the sensitivity of Lumogen coated charge-coupled devices to ultraviolet light.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.437-471
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• 2002

포토레지스트의 감도 증진은 광산 발생제로부터 발생되는 산에 의해 자동촉매분해가 일어나는 산 증식제를 화학 증폭형 포트레지스트에 첨가함으로써 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이소프로필리덴 디시클로헥산올의 p스티렌술폰산 유도체를 산 증식제로 합성되고 그 성능을 평가하였다. 이러한 산 증식제로 합성한 4-hydroxy-4`-p-styrensulfonyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane(1), 4,4`-di-styrenesulfonyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane(2) 그리고 4-p-styrene-sulfonyloxy-4`-tosyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane(3)는 레지스트 공정온도에 대하여 충분한 열적 안정성을 나타내었다. 또한 이러한 산 증식제를 사용한 경우에 광산 발생제만 사용한 poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)film에 비교하여 2배에서 12배 정도의 감도 증진이 일어나 광화상 제조에 실용적으로 응용 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.457-470
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• 2016

벽면비등 모델로 열분배모델을 채택하는 CFD 스케일의 전산해석코드는 저압 조건에서 미포화비등 발생 시 2상유동 변수의 해석 정확도가 낮은 것으로 알려진다. 본 연구에서는 열분배모델을 기반으로 벽면비등 현상을 예측하는 열수력 기기해석코드인 CUPID 코드를 이용하여 수직상향류 미포화비등 실험을 해석하였다. 10 bar 이상의 고압 조건에서는 CUPID 코드의 기포율 예측 정확도가 높았으나, 대기압 주변의 저압 조건에서는 기포율 분포에 대한 해석결과가 실험결과와 큰 차이를 보였다. 따라서 열분배모델 내 주요 인자에 사용되는 부모델에 대한 민감도 분석을 수행하였으며, 저압 조건 미포화비등 예측에 적합한 최적 부모델 조합을 선정하였다. 또한, 열분배모델 내 주요 인자 중 하나인 K-인자가 기포율에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다.