• 공업화학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2016

본 연구에서는, 실제 $150000Nm^3/hr$ 규모의 연소로에서 운전된 $VO_x/TiO_2$ SCR 촉매의 활성저하 원인을 규명하고자 XRD, BET, AES ICP, $H_2$-TPR, $NH_3$-TPD 분석을 수행하였다. $TiO_2$의 상전이 및 $VO_x$의 결정화가 발생하지 않았기 때문에 열에 의한 촉매의 활성저하는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 성분 분석결과 S의 함량이 검출되지 않고 Ca이 다량 검출됨에 따라 $SO_2$에 의한 피독이 아닌 Ca에 의한 피독이 발생하였음을 확인하였으며 이러한 Ca의 피독은 $NH_3$의 흡착량을 감소시켜 반응활성을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.145-145
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• 2010

In this paper, we report that the effects of hydrogen doping on the electrical and optical properties of typical transparent conducting oxide films such as ZnO and $SnO_2$ prepared by magnetron sputtering. Recently, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown strong evidence that hydrogen acts as a source of n-type conductivity in ZnO. In this work, the beneficial effect of hydrogen incorporation on Ga-doped ZnO thin films was demonstrated. It was found that hydrogen doping results a noticeable improvement of the conductivity mainly due to the increases in carrier concentration. Extent of the improvement was found to be quite dependent on the deposition temperature. A low resistivity of $4.0{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ was obtained for the film grown at $160^{\circ}C$ with $H_2$ 10% in sputtering gas. However, the beneficial effect of hydrogen doping was not observed for the films deposited at $270^{\circ}C$. Variations of the electrical transport properties upon vacuum annealing showed that the difference is attributed to the thermal stability of interstitial hydrogen atoms in the films. Theoretical calculations also suggested that hydrogen forms a shallow-donor state in $SnO_2$, even though no experimental determination has yet been performed. We prepared undoped $SnO_2$ thin films by RF magnetron sputtering under various hydrogen contents in sputtering ambient and then exposed them to H-plasma. Our results clearly showed that the hydrogen incorporation in $SnO_2$ leads to the increase in carrier concentration. Our experimental observation supports the fact that hydrogen acting as a shallow donor seems to be a general feature of the TCOs.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2019

Effects of the spherically shaped Ge and the rod-like carbon-coated Ge on the superconducting properties of $MgB_2$ were investigated. Pure Ge and carbon-coated Ge nano-powders were synthesized under the different amount of $CH_4$ (0 to 5 kPa) by using DC thermal plasma method. When the $CH_4$ was added ~100 nm sized Ge with a spherical shape changed to rod-like morphology with a diameter of ~30-70 nm and a length of ~400-500 nm. Also it was confirmed that thin carbon layers of a few nanometers were formed along the rod length and the agglomerated carbons were found on the edges of rods. Pure spherical Ge and Ge/C rods were mixed and milled with Mg & B precursor to form the doped $MgB_2$ bulk samples by the solid-state reaction method. Almost no change of $T_c$ was noticed for the pure Ge-added $MgB_2$, whereas $T_c$ was found to decrease with the Ge/C-added $MgB_2$ samples. It was found that the pure spherical Ge showed to have a negative effect on the flux pinning of $MgB_2$. However, Ge/C rods can enhance the flux pinning property of $J_c$ due to the coated carbon on Ge rods.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.601-610
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• 2003

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin used as a skin conditioning agent and promotes the formation of intercellular lipid layers through increased lipid synthesis, which improves the skin's natural barrier function. The anti-inflammatory effects of biotin have been investigated using in vitro assay models, such as MTT assay, measurements of concentrations of nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE$_2$), and inhibition rate of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX). In comparison with biotin, other plant extracts were tested at the same time which were kudzu vine extract, sage extract, paeonia extract, and dipotassium glycyrrhetinate. Nitric oxide is a signal molecule with functions such as neurotransmission, local vascular relaxation, and anti-inflammation in many physiological and pathological processes. NO can cause apoptosis and necrosis of target cells such as keratinocytes and is generated from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Prostanoids, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated by the phospholipase $A_2$/cyclooxygenase(COX) pathway, and leukotrienes are generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 recently have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of tissue injury and inflammation, also has been implicated as an immunosuppressive agent and plasma levels of PGE$_2$ are elevated in patients sustaining thermal injury. Lipoxygenase metabolites from arachidonic acid have been implicated in inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity of the raw materials was evaluated in vitro by the offered inhibition of lipoxygenase.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Palliative care for cancer aims to relieve the discomfort and pain from the cancer itself and associated conditions. Gastrointestinal cancers originate from the tube like structure of gastrointestinal tract and cause complications such as obstruction, bleeding, adhesion, invasion, and perforation to adjacent organ. Recent advances in interventional endoscopy enables endoscopy physicians to do safe and effective care for gastrointestinal cancer patients. Endoscopic palliation includes stent, hemostasis, nutritional support and targeted drug delivery. Self expandable metallic stent is one of the most important modalities in gastrointestinal palliation. Through the endoscopy or over the wire pre-placed by endoscopy, stents restore the gastrointestinal luminal patency and relieve the obstructive condition. Endoscopic hemostasis is another important palliation in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Epinephrine injection, argon plasma coagulation and thermal cauterization are usual modalities for hemostasis. Histoacryl glue and fibrin glue are also available. Hemostatic nanopowder spray is newly reported effective in benign disease and is supposed to be effective also in cancer bleeding. Enteral feeding tubes including gastro- or jejunostomy and nosoduodenal tubes are placed by using endoscopic guidance. Enteral feeding tubes role as the route of easily absorbable or semi-digested nutrients and effectively maintain both patients calorie requirements and gut microenvironment. Photodynamic therapy is the one of the outstanding medical employments of photo-physics. Especially for superficial cancers in esophagus, photodynamic therapy is very useful in cancer removal and maintaining organ structure. In biliary neoplasm, photodynamic therapy is well known to be effective in cancer ablation and biliary ductal patency restoration. Targeted drug delivery is the lastest issue in palliative endoscopy. Debates and questions are still on the table. In this article, the role of endoscopic interventions in palliative care for the gastrointestinal tumors will be thoroughly reviewed.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2023

This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mitigation in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. The ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized using plasma discharge in water, resulting in rod-shaped particles with a hexagonal crystal structure. The ZnO nanoparticles are applied to Alloy 600 tubes in simulated nuclear power plant atmospheres to evaluate their effectiveness. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the formation of thermodynamically stable ZnCr₂O₄and ZnFe₂O₄ spinel phases with a depth of approximately 35 nm on the surface after 240 hours of treatment. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mitigation experiments reveal that ZnO treatment enhances thermal and mechanical stability. The ZnO-treated specimens exhibit increased maximum temperature tolerance up to 310 ℃ and higher-pressure resistance up to 60 bar compared to non-treated ZnO samples. Measurements of crack length indicate reduced crack propagation in ZnO-treated specimens. The formation of thermodynamically stable Zn spinel structures on the surface of Alloy 600 and the subsequent improvements in surface properties contribute to the enhanced durability and performance of the material in challenging high-temperature and high-pressure environments. These findings have significant implications for the development of corrosion-resistant materials and the mitigation of stress corrosion cracking in various industries.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.456-456
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• 2009

Boron doping on an n-type Si wafer is requisite process for IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact) solar cells. Fiber laser annealing is one of boron doping methods. For the boron doping, uniformly coated or deposited film is highly required. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method provides a uniform dopant film or layer which can facilitate doping. Because amorphous silicon layer absorption range for the wavelength of fiber laser does not match well for the direct annealing. In this study, to enhance thermal affection on the existing p-a-Si:H layer, a ${\mu}c$-Si:H intrinsic layer was deposited on the p-a-Si:H layer additionally by PECVD. To improve heat transfer rate to the amorphous silicon layer, and as heating both sides and protecting boron eliminating from the amorphous silicon layer. For p-a-Si:H layer with the ratio of $SiH_4$ : $B_2H_6$ : $H_2$ = 30 : 30 : 120, at $200^{\circ}C$, 50 W, 0.2 Torr for 30 minutes, and for ${\mu}c$-Si:H intrinsic layer, $SiH_4$ : $H_2$ = 10 : 300, at $200^{\circ}C$, 30 W, 0.5 Torr for 60 minutes, 2 cm $\times$ 2 cm size wafers were used. In consequence of comparing the results of lifetime measurement and sheet resistance relation, the laser condition set of 20 ~ 27 % of power, 150 ~ 160 kHz, 20 ~ 50 mm/s of marking speed, and $10\;{\sim}\;50 {\mu}m$ spacing with continuous wave mode of scanner lens showed the correlation between lifetime and sheet resistance as $100\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $11.8\;{\mu}s$ vs. $17\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $8.2\;{\mu}s$. Comparing to the singly deposited p-a-Si:H layer case, the additional ${\mu}c$-Si:H layer for doping resulted in no trade-offs, but showed slight improvement of both lifetime and sheet resistance, however sheet resistance might be confined by the additional intrinsic layer. This might come from the ineffective crystallization of amorphous silicon layer. For the additional layer case, lifetime and sheet resistance were measured as $84.8\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $11.09\;{\mu}s$ vs. $79.8\;{\Omega}/sq$ and $11.93\;{\mu}s$. The co-existence of $n^+$layeronthesamesurfaceandeliminating the laser damage should be taken into account for an IBC solar cell structure. Heavily doped uniform boron layer by fiber laser brings not only basic and essential conditions for the beginning step of IBC solar cell fabrication processes, but also the controllable doping concentration and depth that can be established according to the deposition conditions of layers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2017

Objective: Present study explores the effect of hot summer period on the glycolytic rate of early post-mortem meat quality of Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire (LWY) pig and comparative adaptability to high temperature between above breeds by shifting the expression of stress related genes like mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Methods: Healthy pigs of two different breeds, viz., LYW and Ghungroo (20 from each) were maintained during hot summer period (May to June) with a mean temperature of about $38^{\circ}C$. The pigs were slaughtered and meat samples from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were analyzed for pH, glycogen and lactate content and mRNA expression. Following 24 h of chilling, LD muscle was also taken from the carcasses to evaluate protein solubility and different meat quality measurements. Results: LWY exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher plasma cortisol and lactate dehydrogenase concentration than Ghungroo indicating their higher sensitivity to high temperature. LD muscle from LWY pigs revealed lower initial and ultimate pH values and higher drip loss compared to Ghungroo, indicating a faster rate of pH fall. LD muscle of Ghungroo had significantly lower lactate content at 45 min postmortem indicating normal postmortem glycolysis and much slower glycolytic rate at early postmortem. LD muscle of LWY showed rapid postmortem glycolysis, higher drip loss and higher degrees of protein denaturation. Ghungroo exhibited slightly better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and higher protein solubility. All HSPs (HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90) and MCTs (MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4) in the LD muscle of pigs inclined to increase more in Ghungroo than LWY when exposed to high temperature. Conclusion: Effect of high temperature on the variation of HSPs and MCTs may play a crucial role in thermal tolerance and adaptation to different climatic conditions, pH regulation, muscle acidification, drip loss, protein denaturation and also in postmortem meat quality development.

• Composites Research
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 B₄C tile 삽입 B₄C_p/Al7075 하이브리드 복합재의 내충격성을 향상시키기 위하여 B₄C/Al7075 계면의 제어법을 개발하고 제어된 계면의 특성에 관하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 B₄C 타일 표면에 B₂O₃, Ni, 그리고 Si을 각각 열산화, 무전해도금, 그리고 플라즈마 용사법을 이용하여 코팅하였다. 이후 코팅된 B₄C 타일을 액상 가압법을 이용하여 B₄C/Al7075 복합재 내부에 삽입하여 B₄C tile 삽입 B₄C_p/Al7075 하이브리드 복합재를 제작하였다. 코팅의 효과를 체계적으로 분석하기 위해 계면에너지, 접합 강도, 그리고 내충격성을 측정하였다. 모든 코팅이 계면에너지, 계면강도, 내충격성을 증가시켰으며 특히 B₂O₃ 코팅 시 내충격성이 86.8% 증가하였다. 본 연구는 차세대 경량 장갑, 방탄소재로 주목받고 있는 B₄C/Al 계열 복합재의 성능을 향상시키는 핵심적인 표면처리법을 개발, 분석한 것에 의의가 있다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2007

저에너지 초고속 표면 처기 이온원, 4개의 마그네트론 스퍼터 캐소드가 부착된 300 mm 폭 다목적 연성 기판 제작을 위한 부피 800 L 용량의 진공 웹코터 원형 (prototype) 장비를 설계 제작하였고, 무접착제 2층 연성 동박 적층 필림을 제작하여 성능을 평가하였다. 2 개의 터보 펌프 및 폴리콜드를 장착한 비코팅 부분인 상실부와 각각 1개씩의 터보 펌프를 사용한 표면 처리 및 코팅 부분인 하실부의 진공 배기 특성을 측정하였다. 패러데이 컵을 사용하여 대면적 이온원의 이온 전류 밀도 및 균일도를 측정하고, 스퍼터 캐소드의 자기장 분포 및 타겟 사용 효율을 조사하였다. 진공 웹코터의 성능 및 각 구성 요소의 특성 조사를 위하여 연성 기판으로는 폴리이미드 (Kapton-E) $38{\mu}m$을 사용하여 여러 가지 가스 이온에 대한표면 처리 조건에 따른 증류수의 접촉각 변화와 화학 성분의 변화를 x-선 분광학을 사용하여 조사하였다. 고밀도 2층 연성 동박 적층 필림 기판을 스퍼터-전기 도금법으로 제작하기 위하여 스퍼터 타겟으로는 Ni-Cr 및 Cu 금속을 사용하여, 각각의 증착율을 직류 전력의 변화 및 롤의 속도에 따라 조사하였고, 전기 도금으로 $9{mu}m$ 까지 동박 적층 필림을 제작한 후 접착력 및 내열성, 내화학성을 측정하여 소형 진공 웹 코터의 특성을 조사하였다.