• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.871-875
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• 1999

Theoretical equation to calculate thermal fatigue life was derived in which slow crack growth theory was adopted. The equation is function of crack growth exponent n. Cyclic thermal fatigue tests were performed at temperature difference of 175, 187 and 200$^{\circ}C$ respectively. At each temperature difference critical thermal fatigue life cycles of the alumina ceramics were 180,37 and 7 cycles. And theoretical thermal fatigue life cycles were calculated as 172, 35 and 7 cycles at the same temperature difference conditions. Therefore thermal fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics can be represented by derived equation. Also theoretical single cycle critical thermal shock temperature difference can be calculated by this equation and the result was consistent with the experimental result well.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2011년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.415-418
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• 2011

Thermal fatigue is one of the life-limiting damage mechanisms in the nuclear power plant conditions. The turbulent mixing of fluids of different temperatures induces rapid temperature changes to the pipe wall. The successive thermal transients cause varying cyclic thermal stresses. These cyclic thermal stresses cause fatigue crack nucleation and growth similar to the cyclic mechanical stresses. The aim of this study was to fulfil the need by developing an real crack manufacturing method, which would produce realistic cracks. The test material was austenitic STS 304, which is used as pipelines in the reactor coolant system of a nuclear power plants. In order to fabricate thermal fatigue crack similar to realistic crack, successive thermal transients were applied to the specimen. Thermal transient cycles were combined with heating (60sec) and cooling cycle (30sec). And, In order to identify ultrasonic characteristic, it was performed the ultrasonic reflection measuring method for the fabricated specimen. From the results of ultrasonic reflection measuring testing, it was conformed that A-scan results(average 83% of real crack depth) for the TFC reference specimen was more enhanced NDT reliability than results(average 38% of real crack depth) for the EDM notch reference specimen.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1094-1100
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• 1998

The thermal fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics was investigated by water quenching method. Single-quench thermal shock tests were performed to decide the critical thermal shock temperature difference ($\Delta$Tc) which was found to be 225$^{\circ}C$ Cyclic thermal shock fatigue tests were performed at temperature diff-erences of 175$^{\circ}C$, 187$^{\circ}C$ and 200$^{\circ}C$ respectively. After cyclic thermal shock fatigue test the distributions of retained strength and crack were observed. Retained strength was measured by four point bending method and crack observation method bydye penetration. In terms of the retained strength distribution the critical number of thermal shock cycles(Nc) were 7 for $\Delta$T=200$^{\circ}C$, 35 for $\Delta$T=187$^{\circ}C$ and 180for $\Delta$T=175$^{\circ}C$ respec-tively. In terms of the crack observation the critical number of thermal shock cycles were 5 for $\Delta$T==200$^{\circ}C$ 20 for $\Delta$T==187$^{\circ}C$ and 150 for $\Delta$T=175$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The difference of Nc investigated by two different methods is due to the formation of the longitudinal cracks which had no effect on the four point bending strength. Therefore the thermal fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics could be more accurately described by the crack observation method than the retained strength measurement method.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2006

High velocity oxygen-fuel thermal spray coating of the WC-Co cermet material is a well-established process for modifying the surface properties of the structural components exposed to the corrosive and wear attacks, and also these coating are well-known method to improve the fatigue strength of material. In this study, HVOF coated SM490B are prepared to evaluation of the effect of coating on tension and fatigue crack growth behavior. The pre-crack of the fatigue crack growth test specimens machined at deposited material area, heat affected zone and boundary, respectively. Through these test, the following results are obtained: 1) Tensile strength was about 498 MPa, and fracture occurred on base metal area. 2) The fatigue crack of coated specimens propagated more rapidly than non-coated specimen in all specimens. 3) In the same coating thickness specimens, the specimens with pre-crack at boundary more rapidly propagated than the specimens with pre-crack at HAZ and deposited material area. These results can be used as basic data in a structural integrity evaluation of rolled SM490B weldments considering HVOF coating.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.127-131
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• 2008

In the disk braking of the railway trains, kinetic energy of the vehicles is converted into thermal energy by friction between a brake disk and the pad materials. This can be cause of the iterative thermal shock and generates thermal cracks on the brake disk surface. In this study, we show the comparative thermal fatigue test procedures and thermal crack analysis process to evaluate the thermal fatigue characteristics of candidate materials designed for development of heat-resistant brake disk material. We carried out tests on the conventional brake disk materials used for Saemaul and Mugunghwa trains, then we comparatively analyzed the thermal crack initiation and propagation on the surface of a specimen. A thermal fatigue test procedure and a crack analysis process were suggested to evaluate the heat resistance of the developed materials at later studies.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

크랙 계면에서의 접촉 열저항에 의해 만들어지는 온도 강하 특성을 적외선을 이용하여 측정함으로써 피로균열을 검사하였다. 크랙과 같은 불연속면을 지나는 열 유동은 연속체에서와는 달리 접촉경계면에서 급격한 온도구배를 나타내는데 이 변화를 표면에서의 적외선 방사량으로 측정하여 피로균열의 위치를 탐지하였다. 표준 피로균열 시편의 중앙부에 노치를 생성한 후 저주기 피로균열을 노치 끝단으로부터 발생시킨 다음, 이 시편의 한쪽 끝단에 할로겐램프를 이용하여 일정한 열을 가함으로서 시편의 길이 방향으로 열 유동이 일어나도록 하면서 시편의 표면온도 분포를 적외선 실험장치로 계측하였다. 열 유동이 크랙을 지나면서 온도구배가 크게 변화하는 것을 적외선 열화상 이미지로부터 알 수 있었으며 균열 면에서의 적외선 온도 데이터로부터 크랙의 위치와 크기를 평가할 수 있음을 실험적으로 확인하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

Fatigue cracks due to thermal stratification or corrosion in pipelines of nuclear power plants can cause serious problems on reactor cooling system. Therefore, the development of an integrated technology including fabrication of standard specimens and their practical usage is needed to enhance the reliability of nondestructive testing. The test material was austenitic STS 304, which is used as pipelines in the Reactor Coolant System of a nuclear power plants. The best condition for fabrication of thermal fatigue cracks at the notch plate was selected using the thermal stress analysis of ANSYS. The specimen was installed from the tensile tester and underwent continuos tension loads of 51,000N. Then, after the specimen was heated to $450^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute using HF induction heater, it was cooled to $20^{\circ}C$ in 1 minute using a mixture of dry ice and water. The initial crack was generated at 17,000 cycles, 560 hours later (1cycle/2min.) and the depth of the thermal fatigue crack reached about 40% of the thickness of the specimen at 22,000 cycles. As a results of optical microscope and SEM analysis, it is confirmed that fabricated thermal fatigue cracks have the same characteristics as real fatigue cracks in nuclear power plants. The crack shape and size were identified.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 1999

This paper deals with the industrial problem of thermal striping damage on the French prototype fast breeder reactor, Phenix and it was studied in coordination with the research program of IAEA. The thermomechanical and fracture mechanics evaluation procedure of thermal striping damage on the tee-junction of the secondary piping using Green's function method and standard FEM is presented. The thermohydraulic(T/H) loading condition used in the present analysis is the random type thermal loads computed by T/H analysis on the turbulent mixing of the two flows with different temperatures. The thermomechanical fatigue damage was evaluated according to ASME code section 111 subsection NH. The results of the fatigue analysis showed that fatigue failure would occur at the welded joint within 90,000 hours of operation. The assessment for the fracture behavior of the welded joint showed that the crack would be initiated at an early stage in the operation. It took 42,698.9 hours for the crack to propagate up to 5 mm along the thickness direction. After then, however, the instability analysis, using tearing modulus, showed that the crack would be arrested, which was in agreement with the actual observation of the crack. An efficient analysis procedure using Green's function approach for the crack propagation problem under random type load was proposed in this study. The analysis results showed good agreement with those of the practical observations.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2017

In this study, submerged arc cladded Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-CuWNbV-C stainless steels containing various Cr contents between 11.2 wt.% and 16.7 wt.% were prepared with fixed C content at about 0.14 wt.%. Using these alloys, changes in microstructure, tensile property, and thermal fatigue property were investigated. Phase fraction of delta-ferrite was increased gradually with increasing Cr content. However, tensile strength, hardness, and thermal fatigue resistance appeared to be decreased. When the microstructure of delta-ferrite was observed, it was revealed that the mesh structure retained up to about 15% Cr content. Although thermal fatigue resistance was almost the same for Cr contents between 11.0 and 14.5 wt.%, it was significantly decreased at higher Cr contents. This was evident from mean value of crack lengths of 10 largest ones. Evaluation of thermal fatigue resistance on alloys with various Cr contents revealed the following important results. First, the reproducibility of ranking test was excellent regardless of the number of cycles. Second, thermal fatigue resistance was increased in proportion to true tensile fracture strength values of overlay materials. Finally, the number of thermal fatigue cracks per unit length was increased with increasing true tensile fracture strength.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.92-97
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• 1998

Because of the low melting temperature of solder, each temperature cycle initiates an irrecoverable creep deformation at the solder interconnection which connects the package body with the PCB. The crack starts and propagates from the position where the creep deformation is maximized. This work has tried to compare and analyze the thermal fatigue life of solder interconnection which is affected by the lead material, the size of die pad, chip thickness, and interface delamination of 48-Pin TSOP under the temperature cycle ($0^{\circ}C$~1$25^{\circ}C$). The crack initiation position and thermal fatigue life which are calculated by using FEA method are well matched with the results of experiments. The thermal Fatigue life of copper lead frame is extended around 3.6 times longer than that of alloy 42 lead frame. It is maximized when the chip size is matched with the length of the lead. It tends to be extended as the thickness of chip got thinner. As the interfacial delamination between die pad and EMC is increased, the thermal fatigue life tends to decrease in the beginning of delamination, and increase after the delamination grew after 45% of the length of die pad.