• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 1993

Thermal history and thermal stress of alumina specimen, which occured from thermal shock process, were calculated by finite difference method. Stress intensity factor and crack growth in cyclic thermal fatigue were calculated from single thermal shock temperature history and thermal stress. Cyclic thermal life were estimated by bending strength after cyclic thermal shock under critical thermal shock temperature. Calculated stress intensity factor was compared with real experimental thermal fatigue life of specimen. Fatigue life until critical stress intensity factor and real experimental result were comparable.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.608-617
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• 2018

The effects of the purity and monoclinic phase of feedstock powder on the thermal durability of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) were investigated through cyclic thermal exposure. Bond and top coats were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel method using Ni-Co based feedstock powder and air plasma spray method using three kinds of yttria-stabilized zirconia with different purity and monoclinic phase content, respectively. Furnace cyclic thermal fatigue test was performed to investigate the thermal fatigue behavior and thermal durability of TBCs. TBCs with high purity powder showed better sintering resistance and less thickness in the thermally grown oxide layer. The thermal durability was found to strongly depend on the content of monoclinic phase and the porosity in the top coat; the best thermal fatigue behavior and thermal durability were in the TBC prepared with high purity powder without monoclinic phase.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.415-418
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• 2011

Thermal fatigue is one of the life-limiting damage mechanisms in the nuclear power plant conditions. The turbulent mixing of fluids of different temperatures induces rapid temperature changes to the pipe wall. The successive thermal transients cause varying cyclic thermal stresses. These cyclic thermal stresses cause fatigue crack nucleation and growth similar to the cyclic mechanical stresses. The aim of this study was to fulfil the need by developing an real crack manufacturing method, which would produce realistic cracks. The test material was austenitic STS 304, which is used as pipelines in the reactor coolant system of a nuclear power plants. In order to fabricate thermal fatigue crack similar to realistic crack, successive thermal transients were applied to the specimen. Thermal transient cycles were combined with heating (60sec) and cooling cycle (30sec). And, In order to identify ultrasonic characteristic, it was performed the ultrasonic reflection measuring method for the fabricated specimen. From the results of ultrasonic reflection measuring testing, it was conformed that A-scan results(average 83% of real crack depth) for the TFC reference specimen was more enhanced NDT reliability than results(average 38% of real crack depth) for the EDM notch reference specimen.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1192-1202
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• 1994

Fatigue behavior and life prediction were presented for thermal-mechanical and isothermal low cycle fatigue of 12Cr forged steel used for high temperature applications. In-phase and out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue test at 350 to 600.deg. C and isothermal low cycle fatigue test at 600.deg. C were conducted using smooth cylindrical hollow specimen under strain-control with total strain ranges from 0.006 to 0.015. Cyclic softening behavior was observed regardless of thermal-mechanical and isothermal fatigue tests. The phase difference between temperature and strain in thermal-mechanical fatigue resulted in significantly shorter fatigue life for out-of-phase than for in-phase. The difference in fatigue lives was dependent upon the magnitudes of inelastic strain ranges and mean stresses. Increase in inelastic strain range showed a tendency of intergranular cracking and decrease in fatigue life, especially for out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue. Thermal-mechanical fatigue life prediction was made by partitioning the strain ranges of the hysteresis loops and the results of isothermal low cycle fatigue tests which were performed under the combination of slow and fast strain rates. Predicted fatigue lives for out-of-phase using the strain range partitioning method showed an excellent agreement with the actual out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue lives within a factor of 1.5. Conventional strain range partitioning method exhibited a poor accuracy in the prediction of in-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue lives, which was quite improved conservatively by a proposed strain range partitioning method.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1094-1100
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• 1998

The thermal fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics was investigated by water quenching method. Single-quench thermal shock tests were performed to decide the critical thermal shock temperature difference ($\Delta$Tc) which was found to be 225$^{\circ}C$ Cyclic thermal shock fatigue tests were performed at temperature diff-erences of 175$^{\circ}C$, 187$^{\circ}C$ and 200$^{\circ}C$ respectively. After cyclic thermal shock fatigue test the distributions of retained strength and crack were observed. Retained strength was measured by four point bending method and crack observation method bydye penetration. In terms of the retained strength distribution the critical number of thermal shock cycles(Nc) were 7 for $\Delta$T=200$^{\circ}C$, 35 for $\Delta$T=187$^{\circ}C$ and 180for $\Delta$T=175$^{\circ}C$ respec-tively. In terms of the crack observation the critical number of thermal shock cycles were 5 for $\Delta$T==200$^{\circ}C$ 20 for $\Delta$T==187$^{\circ}C$ and 150 for $\Delta$T=175$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The difference of Nc investigated by two different methods is due to the formation of the longitudinal cracks which had no effect on the four point bending strength. Therefore the thermal fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics could be more accurately described by the crack observation method than the retained strength measurement method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

Isothermal and thermal-mechanical fatigue characteristics of 12Cr heat resisting steel used for high temperature applications were investigated including hold time effects. Isothermal low cycle fatigue test at $600^{\circ}C$ and in-phase, out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue test at 350 to $600^{\circ}C$ were conducted using smooth cylindrical hollow specimen under strain-control with total strain ranges from 0.006 to 0.015. Regardless of thermal-mechanical and isothermal fatigue tests, cyclic softening behavior was observed and much more pronounced in the thermal-mechanical fatigue tests with hold times due to the stress relaxation during the hold time. The phase difference between temperature and strain in thermal-mechanical fatigue tests resulted in significantly shorter fatigue life for out-of-phase compared to in-phase. The differences in fatigue lives were dependent upon the magnitudes of plastic strain ranges and mean stresses. During the hold time in the strain-controlled fatigue tests, the increase in the plastic strain range and the stress relaxation were observed. It appeared that the increase in plastic strain range per cycle and the introduction of creep damage made important contributions to the reduction of thermal-mechanical fatigue life with hold time, and the life reduction tendency was more remarkable in the in-phase than in the out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue. Isothermal fatigue tests performed under the combination of fast and slow strain rates at $600^{\circ}C$ showed that the fatigue life decreased as the strain rate and frequency decreased,especially for the low strain ranges.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.31A no.12
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• pp.44-55
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• 1994

This study is to apply the theory of fatigue fracture to solder joints under thermal cyclic loading and predict life of solder joint to failure. A 62Sn-36Pb-2Ag solder was used in this study. Tensile tests were preformed at temperatures of 15.dec. C, 50.dec. C and 85.dec. C in order to find terms of crack length "a". plastic strain range ""${\Delta}{\varepsilon}_p$" and temperature "T". Solder joint under thermal cyclic loading was analyzed by FEM. this FEM analysis together with the crack growth rate will provide the capability of the fatigue life prediction of solder joints and enhance the reliability od solder joint.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

The degradation mechanisms of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated in different thermal fatigue condition in terms of microstructural analyses. The isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests were conducted to atmospheric plasma sprayed-TBCs on NIMONIC 263 substrates. The delamination occurred by the oxide layer formation at the interface, the Ni/Cr-based oxide was formed after Al-based oxide layer grew up to ${\sim}10{\mu}m$ in the isothermal condition. In the cyclic oxidation with dwell time, the failure occurred earlier (500 hr) than in the isothermal oxidation (900 hr) at same temperature. The thickness of Al-based oxide layer of the delaminated specimen in the cyclic condition was ${\sim}4{\mu}m$ and the interfacial cracks were observed. The acoustic emission method revealed that the cracks generated during the cooling step. It was considered that the specimens were prevented from the formation of the Al-based oxide by cooling treatment, and the degradation mode in the cyclic test was dominantly interfacial cracking by the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of the coating layers.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.871-875
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• 1999

Theoretical equation to calculate thermal fatigue life was derived in which slow crack growth theory was adopted. The equation is function of crack growth exponent n. Cyclic thermal fatigue tests were performed at temperature difference of 175, 187 and 200$^{\circ}C$ respectively. At each temperature difference critical thermal fatigue life cycles of the alumina ceramics were 180,37 and 7 cycles. And theoretical thermal fatigue life cycles were calculated as 172, 35 and 7 cycles at the same temperature difference conditions. Therefore thermal fatigue behavior of alumina ceramics can be represented by derived equation. Also theoretical single cycle critical thermal shock temperature difference can be calculated by this equation and the result was consistent with the experimental result well.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1740-1743
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• 2007

In this study, two types of fatigue tests were conducted. First, cyclic bending tests were performed using the micro-bending tester. A four-point bending test method was adopted, because it induces uniform stress fields within a loading span. Second, thermal fatigue tests were conducted using a pseudo power cycling machine which was newly developed for a realistic testing condition. The pseudo-power cycling method makes up for the weak points in a power cycling and a chamber cycling method. Two compositions of solder are tested in all test condition, one is lead-free solder (95.5Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu) and the other is eutectic lead-contained solder (63Sn37Pb). In the cyclic bending test, the solder that exhibits a good reliability can be reversed depending on the load conditions. The lead-contained solders have a longer fatigue life in the region where the applied load is high. On the contrary, the lead-free solder sustained more cyclic loads in the small load region. A similar trend was detected at the thermal cycling test. A three-dimensional finite element analysis model was constructed. A finite element analysis using ABAQUS was performed to extract the applied stress and strain in the solder joints. A constitutive model which includes both creep and plasticity was employed. Thermal fatigue was occurred due to the creep. And plastic deformation is main damage for bending failure. From the inelastic energy dissipation per cycle versus fatigue life curve, it can be found that the bending fatigue life is longer than the thermal fatigue life.