• Title/Summary/Keyword: Thermal Coating

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Spinning Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Flexible Transparent Sheet Film

  • Jang, Hun-Sik;Lee, Seok-Cheol;Kim, Ho-Jong;Jeong, In-Hyeon;Park, Jong-Seo;Nam, Seung-Hun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.200-200
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    • 2012
  • We investigated a flexible transparent film using the spinning multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Spin-capable MWCNTs on iron catalyzed on a SiO2 wafer was grown by chemical vapor deposition, which was performed at $780^{\circ}C$ using C2H2 and H2 gas. The average diameter and length of MWCNTs grown on the substrate were ~15 nm and $250{\sim}300{\mu}m$, respectively. The MWCNT sheets were produced by continuously pulling out from well-aligned MWCNTs on a substrate. The MWCNT sheet films were produced simply by direct coating on the flexible film or grass. The thickness of sheet film was remarkably decreased by alcohol spraying on the surface of sheet. The alcohol splay increased transmittance and decreased electrical resistance of MWCNT sheet films. Single and double sheets were produced with sheet resistance of ~699 and ${\sim}349{\Omega}/sq$, respectively, transmittance of 81~85 % and 67~72%, respectively. The MWCNT sheet films were heated through the application of direct current power. The flexible transparent heaters showed a rapid thermal response and uniform distribution of temperature. In addition, MWCNT yarns were prepared by spinning a bundle of MWCNTs from vertically super-aligned MWCNTs on a substrate, and field emission from the tip and side of the yarns was induced in a scanning electron microscope. We found that the field emission behavior from the tip of the yarn was better than the field emission from the side. The field emission turn-on voltages from the tip and side of MWCNT yarns were 1.6 and $1.7V/{\mu}m$, respectively, after the yarn was subjected to an aging process. Both the configuration of the tip end and the body of the yarn were changed remarkably during the field emission. We also performed the field emission of the sheet films. The sheet films showed the turn on voltage of ${\sim}1.45V/{\mu}m$ during the field emission.

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The Study on Anti-galling Characteristics of 304 Stainless Steel by Sn-Al Thermal Diffusion Coating (Sn-Al 열 확산 코팅에 따른 304 스테인리스강의 고착방지성능 연구)

  • Hwang, Ju-Na;Gang, Seong-Hun;Jo, Seong-Pil;Jeong, Hui-Jong;Lee, Bang-Hui;Hwang, Jun;Lee, Yong-Gyu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2018.06a
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    • pp.86-86
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    • 2018
  • 볼트, 너트 등의 파스너는 건축 재료나 기계부품을 고정하는 데 사용하는 기계요소로, 건축, 철도, 조선 등 전 산업분야에 걸쳐 사용되고 있다. 그 중 스테인리스 소재의 볼트, 너트는 뛰어난 내식성과 저렴한 가격으로 널리 사용되고 있는데, 소재의 특성 및 작업현장의 상황, 온도의 변화 등의 원인에 의해 고착현상(galling)이 발생한다. 고착현상이란 성분 혹은 표면경도가 비슷한 금속의 나사산을 조이는 과정에서 발생하는 압력의 증가 및 마찰력에 의해 냉간 용접(cold welding)이 일어나는 것으로 나사산의 표면이 눌어붙게 된다. 이러한 고착현상은 스테인리스 소재에서 많이 발생하는데, 한번 발생한 후에는 비파괴 해소가 불가능한 상태가 되어 경제적 손실을 야기한다. 이러한 고착현상의 해소를 위해 본 연구에서는 주석과 알루미늄을 사용한 새로운 열 확산 코팅 기술을 개발하고 이를 304 스테인리스강에 적용하여 열처리 온도에 따른 특성변화를 확인하였다. 열 확산 코팅을 위해 팩 세멘테이션 방법을 이용하여 아르곤 분위기 하에서 열처리 하였고, 온도는 $200{\sim}250^{\circ}C$에서 코팅을 수행하였다. 이에 따른 코팅 전과 후의 표면 및 단면 분석을 통해 성공적으로 코팅층이 형성됨을 확인하였고, 온도가 증가함에 따라 코팅성분의 양이 증가하는 현상을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 고착방지성능을 확인하기 위하여 ASTM G196-08 시험을 통해 코팅조건에 따른 고착현상을 분석하였으며, 그 결과 기존에 코팅되지 않은 304 스테인리스강보다 고착현상이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 304 스테인리스강 소재의 볼트, 너트 제품에 주석-알루미늄 코팅층을 적용시키면 기존의 고착현상을 개선하고 서비스 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

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Characteristics of Electrochemical and Cavitation Damage after Sealing Treatment for Arc Thermal Sprayed Coating Layer (후처리된 아크 용사코팅 층의 전기화학적 및 캐비테이션 손상 특성)

  • Kim, Seong-Jong;Han, Min-Su;Park, Il-Cho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2014.11a
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    • pp.300-300
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    • 2014
  • 해양환경 하에서 대형 강구조물의 경우 장기간 부식손상을 방지하기 위해 아크 용사코팅 기술이 오래전부터 유용하게 이용되어 왔다. 아크 용사코팅 기술은 타 용사코팅 기술에 비해 경제성과 생산성이 뛰어나 대형 강구조물에 적용되고 있다. 용사재료로는 Al, Zn 또는 그 합금들이 주로 사용되어 강재에 대해 희생양극 방식효과를 나타낸다. 그러나 아크용사에 의해 적층된 코팅 층은 용사공정 중 불가피하게 수많은 기공과 산화물이 포함되어 내식성 및 내구성에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 알루미늄 합금의 용사코팅 층에 대하여 다양한 후처리를 통해 내식성과 더불어 내구성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 용사코팅은 알루미늄 합금 선재(1.6 ${\varnothing}$)를 사용하여 아크용사를 실시하였다. 용사 시 용사거리는 200 mm, 공기압력은 약 $7kg/cm^2$ 정도로 유지하면서 용사코팅을 실시하여 약 $200{\mu}m$ 두께로 코팅 층을 형성시켰다. 이후 용사코팅 층의 표면에 다양한 후처리재를 적용하였으며, 내구성을 평가하기 위하여 후처리 적용 전후 시험편에 대하여 캐비테이션 실험을 실시하였다. 캐비테이션 실험은 ASTM G32-92에 의거하여 주파수 20 kHz의 초음파 진동 장치(ultrasonic vibratory device)를 사용하였다. 그리고 시험편 표면과 발진 혼에 부착된 팁(tip)과의 거리는 1 mm로 일정하게 유지시킨 뒤, 캐비테이션 발생 시간을 변수로 하여 실험을 실시하였다. 손상된 용사코팅 층의 표면은 주사전자현미경과 광학현미경으로 관찰하였으며, 시험편 손상깊이는 3D 현미경으로 비교 분석하였다. 또한 캐비테이션 실험 전후의 무게를 측정하여 무게 감소량을 상호 비교하였다. 그리고 전기화학적 실험은 천연해수 속에서 자체 제작한 홀더(holder)를 이용하여 $0.33183cm^2$의 용사코팅 층만을 노출시켜 실시하였다. 그리고 기준전극은 은/염화은 전극을, 대극은 백금전극을 사용하였다. 분극실험을 통해 후처리 적용에 따른 용사코팅 층의 부식전위 및 부식전류밀도를 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과, 용사코팅 층에 의하여 강재에 대한 희생양극 방식전위가 확보되었으며, 후처리재가 적용된 용사코팅 층에서 내식성 및 캐비테이션 저항성이 향상되었다.

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2-Step Thermochemical Water Splitting on a Active Material Washcoated Monolith Using a Solar Simulator as Heat Source (인공태양을 이용한 모노리스 적용 반응기에서 2단계 열화학적 물분해 연구)

  • Kang, Kyoung-Soo;Kim, Chang-Hee;Park, Chu-Sik
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2007
  • Solar energy conversion to hydrogen was carried out via a two-step thermochemical water splitting using metal oxide redox pair. To simulate the solar radiation, a 7 kW short arc Xe-lamp was used. Partially reduced iron oxide and cerium oxide have the water splitting ability, respectively. So, $Fe_3O_4$ supported on $CeO_2$ was selected as the active material. $Fe_3O_4/CeO_2$(20 wt/80 wt%) was prepared by impregnation method, then the active material was washcoated on the ceramic honeycomb monolith made of mullite and cordierite. Oxygen was released at the reduction step($1673{\sim}1823\;K$) and hydrogen was produced from water at lower temperature($873{\sim}1273\;K$). The result demonstrate the possibility of the 2-step thermochemical water splitting hydrogen production by the active material washcoated monolith. And hydrogen and oxygen was produced separately without any separation process in a monolith installed reactor. But the SEM and EDX analysis results revealed that the support used in this experiment is not suitable due to the thermal instability and coating material migration.

Analysis of the Top Loss Coefficient for Flat Plate Collector in a Solar Air-Conditioning System during Winter (태양열 이용 냉난방 공조시스템중 평판형 집열기의 동계 상부 열손실 해석)

  • Kim, B.C.;Choi, K.H.;Kum, J.S.;Kim, J.R.
    • Solar Energy
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 1998
  • There are mainly 3 heat losses from solar collector; top, bottom, and edge heat loss. Usually edge heat loss is small so that could be neglected. Of the total thermal losses occurring in a flat plate solar collector, top loss heat losses are dominant. Therefore it is necessary to calculate the top loss coefficient accurately in order to find out performance of solar collector. The flat plate solar collector(regenerator in summer) used in this study was made for year-round all conditioning. In order to find out collector efficiency for heating in winter without a system change, outdoor experiment was done. The top loss coefficient of this collector was about 3 to $4.5W/m^2^{\circ}C$. Futhermore use of selective coating in trickling surface can improve a performance of flat plate solar collector.

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열처리 온도 및 시간에 따른 ZTO TFT의 특성 변화

  • Han, Chang-Hun;Kim, Dong-Su;Choe, Byeong-Deok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2011.08a
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    • pp.341-341
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    • 2011
  • 최근 AMOLED 구동이 가능한 소자에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행중이다. AMOLED구동 가능소자는 LTPS TFT, a-Si TFT, OTFT, Oxide TFT가 있으며 그 중에서 현재 대부분 LTPS TFT를 사용하고 있다. LTPS TFT는 높은 전자 이동도와 안정성을 가지고 있기 때문에 현재 각광 받는 AMOLED에 잘 맞는다. 하지만 LTPS TFT는 고비용, 250$^{\circ}C$ 이상의 공정온도, Substrate가 Glass, Metal로 제한 된다는 문제점이 있으며, 균일성이 낮고 현재 대면적 기술이 부족한 상태이다. 해결방안으로 AMOLED를 타겟으로 하는 Oxide TFT 기술이 떠오르고 있다. Oxide TFT는 이동도가 높고 저온공정이 가능하며 Substrate로 Plastic 기판을 사용할 수가 있어 차후에 Flexible 소자로서의 적용이 가능하다. 또한 기존의 진공장비 사용대신 용액공정이 가능하여 장비사용시간 및 절차를 단축시킬 수 있어 비용적인 유리함을 가지고 있다. Oxide TFT는 단결정 산화물과 다결정 복합 산화물 두 가지 범주를 가지고 있다. Oxide TFT의 재료물질은 ZnO, ZTO, IZO, SnO2, Ga2O3, IGO, In2O3, ITO, InGaO3(ZnO)5, a-IGZO이 있다. 본 연구에서는 산화물질 중 하나인 ZTO를 이용하여 TFT 소자를 제작하였다. 산화물 특성상 열처리 온도에 따라 형성되는 결정의 정도가 다르기 때문에 온도 및 시간 변수에 따른 ZTO의 특성변화에 초점을 맞추어 연구함으로서 최적화된 조건을 찾고자 실험을 진행하였다. 실험을 위한 기판으로 n-type wafer을 사용하였다. PE-CVD 장비를 이용하여 SiNx를 120 nm 증착하고, ZTO 용액을 spin-coating을 이용하여 channel layer을 형성하였다. 균일하게 형성된 ZTO의 결정을 위하여 200$^{\circ}C$, 300$^{\circ}C$, 400$^{\circ}C$, 500$^{\circ}C$에서 1시간, 3시간, 6시간, 10시간의 온도 및 시간 변수를 두어 공기 중에서 열처리 하였다. ZTO는 약 30 nm 두께로 형성되었다. Thermal evaporator를 이용하여 Source, Drain의 알루미늄 전극을 형성하고, wafer 뒷면에는 Silver paste를 이용하여 Gate전극을 만들었다. 제작된 소자를 dark room temperature에서 측정하였다.

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Characteristics of Mono Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell for Rear Electrode with Aluminum and Aluminum-Boron (Aluminum 및 Aluminum-Boron후면 전극에 따른 단결정 실리콘 태양전지 특성)

  • Hong, Ji-Hwa;Baek, Tae-Hyeon;Kim, Jin-Kuk;Choi, Sung-Jin;Kim, Nam-Soo;Kang, Gi-Hwan;Yu, Gwon-Jong;Song, Hee-Eun
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2011.11a
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2011
  • Screen printing method is a common way to fabricate the crystalline silicon solar cell with low-cost and high-efficiency. The screen printing metallization use silver paste and aluminum paste for front and rear contact, respectively. Especially the rear contact between aluminum and silicon is important to form the back surface filed (Al-BSF) after firing process. BSF plays an important role to reduces the surface recombination due to $p^+$ doping of back surface. However, Al electrode on back surface leads to bow occurring by differences in coefficient of thermal expansion of the aluminum and silicon. In this paper, we studied the properties of mono crystalline silicon solar cell for rear electrode with aluminum and aluminum-boron in order to characterize bow and BSF of each paste. The 156*156 $m^2$ p-type silicon wafers with $200{\mu}m$ thickness and 0.5-3 ${\Omega}\;cm$ resistivity were used after texturing, diffusion, and antireflection coating. The characteristics of solar cells was obtained by measuring vernier callipers, scanning electron microscope and light current-voltage. Solar cells with aluminum paste on the back surface were achieved with $V_{OC}$ = 0.618V, JSC = 35.49$mA/cm^2$, FF(Fill factor) = 78%, Efficiency = 17.13%.

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Characterization of Ni/YSZ Anode Coating for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Atmospheric Plasma Spray Method (고체산화물 연료전지를 위한 플라즈마 용사코팅 Ni/YSZ 음극 복합체의 특성평가)

  • Park, Soo-Dong;Yoon, Sang-Hoon;Kang, Ki-Cheol;Lee, Chang-Hee
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.50-54
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    • 2008
  • In this research, anode for SOFC has been manufactured from two different kinds of feedstock materials through thermal spraying process and the properties of the coatings were characterized and compared. One kind of feedstock was manufactured from spray drying method which includes nano-components of NiO, YSZ (300 nm) and graphite. And the other is manufactured by blending the micron size NiO coated graphite, YSZ and graphite powders as feedstock materials. Microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the coatings as-sprayed, after oxidation and after hydrogen reduction containing nano composite which is prepared from spray-dried powders were evaluated and compared with the same properties of the coatings prepared from blended powder feedstock. The coatings prepared from the spray dried powders has better properties as they provide larger triple phase boundaries for hydrogen oxidation reaction and is expected to have lower polarization loss for SOFC anode applications than that of the coatings prepared from blended feedstock. A maximum electrical conductivity of 651 S/cm at $800^{\circ}C$ was achieved for the coatings from spray dried powders which much more than that of the average value.

Resistive Switching Effect of the $In_2O_3$ Nanoparticles on Monolayered Graphene for Flexible Hybrid Memory Device

  • Lee, Dong Uk;Kim, Dongwook;Oh, Gyujin;Kim, Eun Kyu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.02a
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    • pp.396-396
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    • 2013
  • The resistive random access memory (ReRAM) has several advantages to apply next generation non-volatile memory device, because of fast switching time, long retentions, and large memory windows. The high mobility of monolayered graphene showed several possibilities for scale down and electrical property enhancement of memory device. In this study, the monolayered graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition was transferred to $SiO_2$ (100 nm)/Si substrate and glass by using PMMA coating method. For formation of metal-oxide nanoparticles, we used a chemical reaction between metal films and polyamic acid layer. The 50-nm thick BPDA-PDA polyamic acid layer was coated on the graphene layer. Through soft baking at $125^{\circ}C$ or 30 min, solvent in polyimide layer was removed. Then, 5-nm-thick indium layer was deposited by using thermal evaporator at room temperature. And then, the second polyimide layer was coated on the indium thin film. After remove solvent and open bottom graphene layer, the samples were annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ or 1 hr by using furnace in $N_2$ ambient. The average diameter and density of nanoparticle were depending on annealing temperature and times. During annealing process, the metal and oxygen ions combined to create $In_2O_3$ nanoparticle in the polyimide layer. The electrical properties of $In_2O_3$ nanoparticle ReRAM such as current-voltage curve, operation speed and retention discussed for applictions of transparent and flexible hybrid ReRAM device.

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Color Evolution and Phase Transformation of α-FeOOH@SiO2 and β-FeOOH@SiO2 pigments (SiO2가 코팅된 α-FeOOH와 β-FeOOH의 상전이를 통한 SiO2가 코팅된 α-Fe2O3의 색상 연구)

  • Yu, Ri;Choi, Kyoon;Pee, Jae-Hwan;Kim, YooJin
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.210-214
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    • 2013
  • This manuscript reports on compared color evolution about phase transformation of ${\alpha}-FeOOH@SiO_2$ and ${\beta}-FeOOH@SiO_2$ pigments. Prepared ${\alpha}$-FeOOH and ${\beta}$-FeOOH were coated with silica for enhancing thermal properties and coloration of both samples. To study phase and color of ${\alpha}$-FeOOH and ${\beta}$-FeOOH, we prepared nano sized iron oxide hydroxide pigments which were coated with $SiO_2$ using tetraethylorthosilicate and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide as a surface modifier. The silica-coated both samples were calcined at high temperatures (300, 700 and $1000^{\circ}C$) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color parameter measurements, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The yellow ${\alpha}$-FeOOH and ${\beta}$-FeOOH was transformed to ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ with red, brown at 300, $700^{\circ}C$, respectively.