• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.499-502
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• 2013

An eight-year-old, castrated male, Poodle dog was presented with a bite wound in the neck region. Clinical examination revealed non-ambulatory signs of tetraparesis with deep pain, and upper motor neuron changes in all limbs. Fractures of the transverse process of C1 and the dorsal spinous process of C2 were observed on the radiographs and the computed tomography (CT). Conservative therapy was performed for 1 week. However the neurological problems were not alleviated until 7 days after injury. The owners agreed to perform surgical stabilization. The surgical stabilization was performed 7 days after presentation. Ventral stabilization was performed with screws, K-wires and bone cement. The dog stood up independently after 4 weeks and was able to walk 6 weeks postoperatively. In this report we suggest that using combined stabilization techniques are effective for this type of cervical fracture in which the dorsal and ventral structures of the vertebra are severely disrupted.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.194-202
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• 1999

Background : Group B ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus(GBS) has been the major pathogen of neonatal sepsis in western country. In contrast, GBS has played little role in neonatal sepsis in Korea. But recently, neonatal GBS infections are encountered more frequently. It is important to characterize the clinical and epidemiological features of GBS infection in Korean children. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of twenty-seven infants and children with GBS infection experienced at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital during 14 year-period from June, 1985 to June, 1999. Fourteen strains isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid were serotyped. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10 strains were determined by agar dilution method for penicillin, ampicillin, ampicillin with sulbactam, cefarolin, cefuroxime, and cefuiaxone. Results: The numbers of cases with GBS infection increased in 1990s. Among twenty seven cases, twenty-five cases were under three months of age and both of two cases with underlying disease occurred at three years of age. All neonatal infections were late-onset type and meningitis predominated. Serotypes were III(6 strain), Ib(4), Ia(l) and V(2). All of the strain were susceptible to all of the antibiotics tested. Conclusion: GBS infections in infants were increasingly recognized. GBS should be considered as an etiological agent of neonatal sepsis or meningitis in Korea. Maternal screening and prophylactic antibiotic therapy may be considered.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3503-3507
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• 2013

Background: Although the majority of investigations concerned with TP53 and its protein have focused on coding regions, recently a set of studies highlighted significant roles of regulatory elements located in p53 mRNA, especially 5'UTR. The wrap53${\alpha}$ transcript is one of those that acts as a natural antisense agent, forming RNA-RNA hybrids with p53 mRNA and protecting it from degradation. Materials and Methods: In this study, we focused on the mutation status of exon $1{\alpha}$ of the WRAP53 gene (according to exon 1 of p53) in 160 breast tumor tissue samples and conducted a bioinformatics search for probable miRNA binding site in the p53/wrap53 overlapping region. Mutations were detected, using single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. We applied the miRBase database for prediction of miRNAs which target overlapping region of p53/wrap53 transcripts. Results: Our results showed all samples to have wild type alleles in exon 1 of TP53 gene. We could detect a novel and unreported intronic mutation (IVS1+56, G>C) outside overlapping regions of p53/wrap53 genes in breast cancer tissues and also predict the presence of a binding site for miR-4732-5p in the 5'UTR of Wrap53 mRNA. Conclusions: From our findings we propose designing further studies focused on overexpression of miRNA-4732-5p and introducing different mutations in the overlapping region of wrap53 and p53 genes in order to study their effects on p53 and its ${\Delta}N$ isoform (${\Delta}$40p53) expression. The results may provide new pieces in the p53 targeting puzzle for cancer therapy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2017

This study investigated the prognosis of luxation injuries in primary teeth treated with splinting. This study retrospectively analyzed 92 children with luxation injuries to their primary teeth who were treated with splints between 2010 and 2015. Prognoses were analyzed in patients who had been followed for more than 6 months. The prognoses with splinting were based on clinical and radiographic evaluations performed during the follow-up examinations. The mean patient age was 42.1 months, and 67.4% were male. The most common cause of luxation injury was falling, and the mean splint duration was 2.4 weeks. The success rate of splinting was 58.9%. The highest rate of success was achieved following subluxation, while repositioning and splinting of lateral luxation had the lowest rate of success. Pulp necrosis was the most common unfavorable prognosis in the luxation injuries. Depending upon the type of luxation, splint therapy had acceptable prognoses and might be a feasible treatment option.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2018

Objective : Surgical clipping of the cerebral aenurysm is considered as a standard therapy with endovascular coil embolization. The surgical clipping is known to be superior to the endovascular coil embolization in terms of recurrent rate. However, a recurrent aneurysm which is initially treated by surgical clipping is difficult to handle. The purpose of this study was to research the management of the recurrent cerebral aneurysm after a surgical clipping and how to overcome them. Methods : From January 1996 to December 2015, medical records and radiologic findings of 14 patients with recurrent aneurysm after surgical clipping were reviewed retrospectively. Detailed case-by-case analysis was performed based on preoperative, postoperative and follow-up radiologic examinations and operative findings. All clinical variables including age, sex, aneurysm size and location, type and number of applied clips, prognosis, and time to recurrence are evaluated. All patients are classified by causes of the recurrence. Possible risk factors that could contribute to those causes and overcoming ways are comprehensively discussed. Results : All recurrent aneurysms after surgical clipping were 14 of 2364 (0.5%). Three cases were males and 11 cases were females. Mean age was 52.3. At first treatment, nine cases were ruptured aneurysms, four cases were unruptured aneurysms, and one case was unknown. Locations of recurrent aneurysm were determined; anterior communicating artery (A-com) (n=7), posterior communicating artery (P-com) (n=3), middle cerebral artery (n=2), anterior cerebral artery (n=1) and basilar artery (n=1). As treatment of the recurrence, 11 cases were treated by surgical clipping and three cases were treated by endovascular coil embolization. Three cases of all 14 cases occurred in a month after the initial treatment. Eleven cases occurred after a longer interval, and three of them occurred after 15 years. By analyzing radiographs and operative findings, several main causes of the recurrent cerebral aneurysm were found. One case was incomplete clipping, five cases were clip slippage, and eight cases were fragility of vessel wall near the clip edge. Conclusion : This study revealed main causes of the recurrent aneurysm and contributing risk factors to be controlled. To manage those risk factors and ultimately prevent the recurrent aneurysm, neurosurgeons have to be careful in the technical aspect during surgery for a complete clipping without a slippage. Even in a perfect surgery, an aneurysm may recur at the clip site due to a hemodynamic change over years. Therefore, all patients must be followed up by imaging for a long period of time.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.349-358
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• 2003

The success of dental implant therapy relies mainly upon the presence and maintenance of bone adjacent to implant. An 1-year prospective study was performed, upon the patients who were diagnosed as having chronic adult periodontitis, and had been treated with dental implant. The purpose of this study was to measure the radiographic bone level changes proximal to Astra Tech Single Tooth Implants (ATST, Astra Tech AB, $M{\"{o}}lndal$, Sweden) with microthread and Astra Tech TiOblast Implant (ATTB) without microthread supporting fixed partial prosthesis. Measurements were used to determine mean marginal bone loss during the first year of loading, 17 subjects with its partial prosthesis supported by 37 implants were followed up for an 1-year period. The marginal bone loss of implants was positively correlated with the retention factor, microthread($Microthread^{TM}$) in crestal area of ATST. The results were as follows. 1. The mean marginal bone loss of ATST was 0.226${\pm}$0.395mm, while ATTB was 0.440${\pm}$0.360mm. There was a statistically significant difference between ATST and ATTB (p<0.05). 2. The mean bone loss of the upper jaw fixtures was 0.269${\pm}$0.265mm for ATST and 0.529${\pm}$0.417mm for ATTB . There was a statistically significant difference between ATST and ATTB (p<0.05). In the lower jaw the corresponding figures were 0.167${\pm}$0.231mm and 0.313${\pm}$0.214mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between ATST and ATTB (p>0.05). 3. The mean bone loss of ATST was lower than that of ATTB at all sites according to bone quality. There was a statistically significant difference between ATST and ATTB at bone quality type III(p <0.05). In conclusion, the mean bone loss of ATST was smaller than that of ATTB . Therefore, the retention factor of crestal area, microthread ($Microthread^{TM}$) was effective to maintenance of marginal bone level around fixture.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.280-290
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• 1998

This study was carried out to idenify the health problems and needs of crippled persons in order to develop a community based rehabilitation service program through public health center. Information on health problems and needs were obtained from 120 crippled persons staying at home by questionaire and a measuring ADL. The results were summarized as follows 1. Among 120 subjects, male crippled (70.3%) outnumbered female crippled (29.7%). Many crippled persons belonged to the 40-49 age group (33.6%) while others were over 60 years (17.4%). There were 36.8% crippled persons with an elementary education, 26.5% had completed high school, 14.5% had completed middle school. 31% of the crippled persons were employed but most of them had unskilled jobs. 80% of the respondents replied that their monthly income was under 800,000 won. 2. The major causes of their handicap were due to acquired factors(92%) such as accidents, in fectious & communicable diseases and chronic diseases rather than congenital factors(8%). Crippled persons who belong to the first grade of disabilities were 14.8%, the second grade 35.7%, the third grade 21.7%, the forth grade 12.2%, the fifth grade 12.2% and the sixth grade 3.5%. 3. This study measured the degree of the ADL of crippled persons by a modified Barthel Index including 11 items. 73.5% of them were fully independent, 8.5% required minimal help, 2.7% required moderate help, 6.0% required substantial help and 9.4% were unable to perform task. In response to the 11 items of ADL, crippled persons required more help in stair climbing, ambulation and bathing than in other items. 4. In responding to concerning health problems, 10.3% of the subjects replied with incontinence, 8.5% malnutrition, 7.6% fecal incontinence and bedsores 2.6%. Chronic diseases which needs treatment were chronic pain(61.0 %), hypertension(16.5%) and diabetes(16.5%) 5. To the question of what type of rehabilitation services subjects required, chronic diseases management(52.1%) and physical therapy (41.2%) were the highest. The most important social welfare services subjects required were economics support (51.3%) and introductions to job opportunities(42%).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 1993

Refractory periodontitis manifest progressive attachment loss in a rapid and unrelenting manner regardless of the type or frequency of therapy applied. The purpose of this study was ta evaluate the relation between the level of cytokines in GCF and periodontopathic microflora with disease activity of refractory periodontitis. Selection of patients with refractory periodontitis (7 males, 3 females) were made by long term clinical observation including conventional clinical history and parameters. Teeth that showed pocket depth greater than 6mm were selected as sample teeth. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 3 months. Prior to baseline test, individual acrylic stent was fabricated. Reference grooves were made on each sample tooth site. Pocket depth and attachment loss were measured by Florida Probe. Gingival index was measured at 4 sites each sample teeth. Disease activity was defined as attachment loss of ${\ge}$ 2.1mm, as determined by sequential probing and tolerance method. The pattern and amount of alveolar bone resorption was observed with quantitative digital subtraction image processing radiography. Morphological analysis of subgingival bacteria was taken by phase contrast microscopy. Predominant cultivable bacterial distribution and frequency were compared between disease-active and disease-inactive site using immunofluorescence microscopy and selective microbial culturing. Levels of $interleukin-l{\beta}$, 2, 4, 6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF and blood serum sample were quantified by ELISA. In active sites, P. intermedia was significantly increased to compare with inactive site. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF were increased in active sites and IL-2 in serum was increased in active patients significantly. Alveolar bone loss in active site was correlated with $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2 in GCF. And loss of attachment in active site was correlated with IL-2 in GCF. These results demonstrate that IL-2 in serum, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF, P, intermedia might be used as possible predictors of disease activity in refractory periodontitis before it is clinically expressed as attachment loss and quantitative alveolar bone change.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.288-292
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• 2009

A crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin, and cementum. The fractures may be grouped according to pulpal involvement into uncomplicated and complicated. Generally a vertically crown-root fractured tooth must be extracted. However, it should be mentioned that the cases have been reported where bonding of the coronal fragment has led to consolidation of the intraalveolar part of the fracture. Definitive conservative therapy comprises one of four treatment alternatives; fragment removal only, fragment removal with gingivectomy, orthodontic extrusion of apical fragment, and surgical extrusion of apical fragment. The choice is primarily determined by the exact information on the site and the type of fracture, but the cost and the complexity of treatment can also be decisional factors. On the other hand, intentional replantation of the teeth with vertical root facture reconstructed with resin bonding has emerged as a new promising method in recent years. This case presents an intentional replantation of the crown-root fractured maxillary central incisor reconstructed with resin bonding. However, an obvious increase of radiolucency was observed after 4 months and the tooth was re-fractured after 16 months.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2016

Objectives: The present study investigated current practices of insomnia treatment among Korean doctors in clinical settings. Methods: A total of 100 doctors participated in the present study and filled out a series of survey questions regarding their treatment of insomnia patients. Results: The results revealed that the primary type of insomnia treatment was pharmacological and that the most popular medication was zolpidem. The majority of doctors reported that they also utilized non-pharmacological treatments such as sleep hygiene education and cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, these treatments tended to result in low satisfaction. In addition, the doctors perceived that patients largely preferred pharmacological treatments to non-pharmacological ones and did not have sufficient knowledge of non-pharmacological treatments. Conclusion: Many doctors believed that non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia were important, but reported that they were difficult to implement in practice. The results of this study suggest that improved medical conditions for non-pharmacological treatments and education of physicians are necessary to appropriately treat insomnia.