• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2005

Numerous drugs are chiral because they possess one or more chiral centers. Enantiomers may differ in their pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and toxicological properties. However, the significance of stereochemistry of drugs in their therapeutic uses has received relatively little attention until recently. The US FDA issued a guideline on stereoisomeric drugs in 1992, and the European agency describes tests for new drug substances which are optically active in an ICH(International Conference of Harmonization) guideline. According to the guidance, enantiomers may differ in their pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and toxicological properties. Therefore, in this paper, we examined the recently published Canadian guidance, stereochemical issues in chiral drug development, which will be references to make a guidance on stereochemical issues in chiral drug development in Korea.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2019

Purpose: Abernethy malformation is a rare condition, which was first described in 1793 as a congenital extrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (CEPS) directing splanchnic blood flow into the inferior vena cava. Eighty cases have been published so far that reported CEPS, while in Korea, very few cases have been reported. Through this study, we present 6 cases of patients diagnosed with CEPS at Samsung Medical Center and compare these with other such cases published in France and China. Methods: We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of 6 children with CEPS in our pediatric clinic between 2004 and 2017. Results: A total of 6 children with CEPS was included in this study, namely, one with type 1a, two with type 1b, and three with type 2 CEPS. The most common presenting symptom was gastrointestinal bleeding (50.0%). Therapeutic interventions included shunting vessel ligation (16.7%) in type 2 CEPS and liver transplantation (16.7%) in type 2 CEPS patient with suddenly developed hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion: There is no consensus guideline for the optimal management of patients with CEPS. Large-sample studies regarding CEPS are needed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with CEPS and determine the treatment guideline for CEPS.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2006

Safety pharmacology studies are conducted to investigated the potential undesirable pharmacodynamic effects of a substance on physiological functions in relation to exposure in the therapeutic range and above. In the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), the guideline 'S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals' has been developed and reached Step 5 of the ICH process in 2001. Now the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) are going to transfer 'The Guideline for General Pharmacology' into 'The Guideline for Safety Pharmacology'. Safety pharmacology studies should be performed in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Thus, the present paper reviews the Japanese GLP guidelines for pharmaceuticals to help the conduct and inspection of safety pharmacology studies in compliance with GLP. We also reviewed the ICH guidelines 'S7B revised : The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed Ventricular Repolarization (QT Interval Prolongation) by Human Pharmaceuticals' and 'E14 : The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-antiarrhythmic Drugs' to apply our drug approval systems.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1289-1299
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• 2020

Background: Hemorrhoid surgery is a frequently performed surgery in Korea, second only to cataract surgery. However, it has serious complications, including bleeding, infection, anal stenosis, and urinary retention, so active conservative therapies are in need at an early stage. Case summary: Thirteen patients with anal disease complained of main symptoms of pain, bleeding, and prolapse, with additional complaints of itching and mucus discharge. An herbal medicine mixture of Eulja-tang and Hwangryeonhaedok-tang was administered twice daily, and dry cupping therapy, acupuncture, and hot pack placements were administered on pelvic and sacral regions once weekly for four weeks. The symptoms were evaluated before and each week after the treatments. The treatments had statistically significant therapeutic effects. Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment-effectively alleviating the symptoms of anal disease, such as pain, bleeding, and prolapse-may represent an alternative therapy for conservative treatments in the early stages of anal disease.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2023

Xerostomia is defined as the subjective complaint of dry mouth with or without hyposalivation, which is insufficient salivary secretion from salivary gland. Xerostomia can lead to multiple oral symptoms such as dental caries, halitosis, burning mouth syndrome, and oral candidiasis, which can significantly impact the well-being of patients, especially in geriatric patients who may already have compromised health. Clinical findings of xerostomia include decreased salivary flow and alterations in salivary composition. These changes can lead to various oral health problems such as dental caries, periodontitis, swallowing and speaking difficulties, taste disturbances, halitosis, mucosal diseases, and burning mouth syndrome. Recognizing these clinical manifestations is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Although several reasons and risk factors have been suggested for xerostomia such as aging, chemo-radiation therapy, systemic disease, and Sjögren's syndrome, the polypharmacy is recently highlighted especially in elderly patients. Understanding the etiology and risk factors associated with xerostomia is crucial for effective management. To manage xerostomia patients, a multidisciplinary guideline should be established beyond dental care. Through this literature review, we summarized consideration for diagnostic, therapeutic, nursing essentials for the clinical guideline. By addressing the underlying causes and implementing appropriate treatment strategies, healthcare professionals can improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from xerostomia.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.141-157
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• 2024

Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are widely used in Korea because of the increasing incidence of cardiocerebrovascular disease and the aging population. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents during endoscopic procedures is an important clinical challenge. The clinical practice guidelines for this issue, developed by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, were published in 2020. However, new evidence on the use of dual antiplatelet therapy and direct anticoagulant management has emerged, and revised guidelines have been issued in the United States and Europe. Accordingly, the previous guidelines were revised. Cardiologists were part of the group that developed the guideline, and the recommendations went through a consensus-reaching process among international experts. This guideline presents 14 recommendations made based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology and was reviewed by multidisciplinary experts. These guidelines provide useful information that can assist endoscopists in the management of patients receiving antithrombotic agents who require diagnostic and elective therapeutic endoscopy. It will be revised as necessary to cover changes in technology, evidence, or other aspects of clinical practice.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2004

Background: Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are ubiquitous in modern society including medical field. As the technology of medical instruments and telecommunications has developed rapidly, it has influenced on our lives in many ways. Modern medical practice requires high quality medical equipments, which have a great deal of electromagnetic interference and susceptibility. The purpose of this study were to evaluate electromagnetic condition under usual clinical condition and to suggest a practical guideline in general hospital. Materials and Methods: The actual state of the electromagnetic interference in the medical field was studied under usual clinical conditions including operating rooms, intensive care units, magnetic resonance imaging unit, and hyperthermia unit. Results: There was considerable noise as a result of electromagnetic fields from medical equipments including electrosurgical units and hyperthermia unit, and cellular phones, which could induce serious functional derangements of functioning medical devices. Conclusion: It will be necessary to evaluate the individual electromagnetic situations under various medical conditions and to define a limited zone for cellular phone as well as reposition medical equipments to secure a safer medical practice and to minimize electromagnetic interference.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

Cardiac disease is the class of diseases related to the heart that plays an important role in supplying blood to our body and the number of deaths is increasing every year. Cardiac Rehabilitation has been conducted as treatment and prevention in such patients with cardiac disease. Cardiac rehabilitation programs in general contain pat~ient education and consulting service in order to improve physical strength in patients with cardiac disease, decrease cardiac symptoms, promote fitness, and minimize the risk of following cardiac problems including cardiac arrest. Among them therapeutic exercise is the mainstream of cardiac rehabilitation, however, to accomplish more efficient patient care, standardized guideline based on each disease and researches from a physical therapy perspective are required.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

A cost effective analysis was performed for comparing leflunomide+methotrexate, etanercept monotherapy and etanercept+methotrexate for 6 months. For the patients with methotrexate-resistant RA, ACR20 data were extracted from the published clinical trials searched from Pubmed. The direct medical cost was estimated based on ACR guideline and Korean National Health Insurance reimbursement. Combination therapy of etanercept+methotrexate was found to be more cost-effective than etanercept monotherapy, which meant it was a better therapeutic strategy for methotrexate- resistant RA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2365-2368
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• 2012

The $11{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ($11{\beta}$-HSD1) enzyme is involved in modulation of glucocorticoid activity within target tissues. This enzyme may contribute to obesity and/or metabolic disease through its action in adipose or liver tissue. Inhibition of $11{\beta}$-HSD1 has major therapeutic potential for glucocorticoid-associated diseases, including obesity, diabetes (wound healing), and muscle atrophy. To develop such therapeutics, we performed a pharmacophore-based virtual screening (VS) for identification of novel $11{\beta}$-HSD1 inhibitors and found that the VS hit compounds show potent inhibition of $11{\beta}$-HSD1 enzyme activity. Further, we present a binding model for active compounds. The proposed pharmacophore may serve as a useful guideline for future design of new chemical entities as $11{\beta}$-HSD1-targeted antidiabetic agents.