• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 1998

In this study, the satellite images and the GIS technique are used to select the basin characteristics parameters as the basis of water resources management of river basin. The study area is Geum-ho river basin and the hydrologic characteristics data are computed through the database of the basin characteristics parameters classified by subjects with 35 maps correspond to the study basin of 1:25,000 scale as the basic map. As the result, the drawing up of land use map through satellite image processing that provides the quantitative informations for the land is very efficient to analysis the extensive land use information of the basin, and exact analysis of mass surface data is possible and the feasibility of statistic computation between spatial subjects as it superpose on other subject map is ascertained. It is thought also that the analysis of the basin characteristics data can be utilized very effectively for the basin management and the analysis of basin surface area, once it is expressed numerically for database, since the superposition analysis with different subject map and the correlative analysis with the property data are possible although the tracing process of each subject in the basic map is not efficient. Especially, modification and renewal of the data for the change of land surface become easy, therefore more rapid and exact selection of the basin characteristics data and the construction of more efficient basin management plan are possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.177-188
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• 2012

This study was mainly focused on the development of GIS based decision support system to easily make mitigation scenarios and to conveniently simulate water quality for TMDL. The study area was the 31km section of upper Sapgyo stream in Geum river basin, and QUAL2E model was adopted. GIS DB was built through the collection of the data which includes point/non-point source attributes and various thematic maps. The amounts of discharged loads of BOD, T-N and T-P from unit watershed were estimated respectively. Finally, the system, which can operate water quality simulation through simply modifying their values, was developed. The hypothetical three mitigation scenarios were applied, thereby the most efficient mitigation scenario could be chosen by comparison of the results based on GIS. Therefore, it is expected that the developed system can facilitate the decision makers to select the best alternative through the analysis of the available BMPs. Also, it can be used to develop new scenarios using different methods and algorithms. In the future, more study need to be made to enhance its applicability in the perspective of developing mitigation scenarios through the management of individual pollutant sources and extending study areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2008

Recently according to supplying high resolution satellite imagery, we take much interest in the update and the revision of digital map and thematic map based on the satellite images. This study analyzed the modeling accuracy for QuickBird imagery and produced the digital map on a scale 1 to 5000 by way of showing an example. find an exhibition digital map was analyzed the positioning accuracy for the presentation of the possibility and the utility in the production and the revision to the digital map using QuickBird imagery. In order to analyze accuracies of constructed data, the digital topographic maps of 1:5000 scale which were produced by Korea National Geographic information Institute(NGI) were used. As a result, the RMSE was calculated at ${\pm}2.207$ m and 2.39 m in x and y direction respectively and it is within the permissible accuracy required for mapping on a scale of 1 to 5000 on the mapping rule notified by the National Geographic Information Institute. It is expected that the results of this study will be fully used in the field of large scale digital mapping and be utilized as basic information in applied field of the production and the revision of digital map.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.85-99
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• 2013

The objective of this paper is to analyze the spatial distribution of errors in the DEM generated using waterlines from multi-temporal remote sensing data and to assess flood vulnerability. Unlike conventional research in which only global statistics of errors have been generated, this paper tries to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution of errors from a probabilistic viewpoint using geostatistical simulation. The initial DEM in Baramarae tidal flats was generated by corrected tidal level values and waterlines extracted from multi-temporal Landsat data in 2010s. When compared with the ground measurement height data, overall the waterline-based DEM underestimated the actual heights and local variations of the errors were observed. By applying sequential Gaussian simulation based on spatial autocorrelation of DEM errors, multiple alternative error distributions were generated. After correcting errors in the initial DEM with simulated error distributions, probabilities for flood vulnerability were estimated under the sea level rise scenarios of IPCC SERS. The error analysis methodology based on geostatistical simulation could model both uncertainties of the error assessment and error propagation problems in a probabilistic framework. Therefore, it is expected that the error analysis methodology applied in this paper will be effectively used for the probabilistic assessment of errors included in various thematic maps as well as the error assessment of waterline-based DEMs in tidal flats.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_2
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• pp.1605-1613
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• 2020

The tidal channel is a coastal sedimentary terrain that plays the most important role in the formation and development of tidal flats, and is considered a very important index for understanding and distribution of tidal flat sedimentation/erosion terrain. The purpose of this study is to understand the changes in tidal channels by a period after the opening of the floodgate of the seawall in the reclaimed land of Sihwa Lake using KOMPSAT high-resolution multispectral satellite image data and to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of high-resolution satellite images. KOMPSAT 2 and 3 images were used for extraction of the tidal channels' lineaments in 2009, 2014, and 2019 and were applied to supervised classification method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Artificial Neural Net (ANN), Matched Filtering (MF), and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and band ratio techniques using Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and MF/SAM. For verification, a numerical map of the National Geographic Information Service and Landsat 7 ETM+ image data were utilized. As a result, KOMPSAT data showed great agreement with the verification data compared to the Landsat 7 images for detecting a direction and distribution pattern of the tidal channels. However, it has been confirmed that there will be limitations in identifying the distribution of tidal channels' density and providing meaningful information related to the development of the sedimentary process. This research is expected to present the possibility of utilizing KOMPSAT image-based high-resolution remote exploration as a way of responding to domestic intertidal environmental issues, and to be used as basic research for providing multi-platform-image-based convergent thematic maps and topics.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2009

This article provides training exercises for executives into interpreting subroutine maps of executives' thinking in processing business and industrial marketing problems and opportunities. This study builds on premises that Schank proposes about learning and teaching including (1) learning occurs by experiencing and the best instruction offers learners opportunities to distill their knowledge and skills from interactive stories in the form of goal.based scenarios, team projects, and understanding stories from experts. Also, (2) telling does not lead to learning because learning requires action-training environments should emphasize active engagement with stories, cases, and projects. Each training case study includes executive exposure to decision system analysis (DSA). The training case requires the executive to write a "Briefing Report" of a DSA map. Instructions to the executive trainee in writing the briefing report include coverage in the briefing report of (1) details of the essence of the DSA map and (2) a statement of warnings and opportunities that the executive map reader interprets within the DSA map. The length maximum for a briefing report is 500 words-an arbitrary rule that works well in executive training programs. Following this introduction, section two of the article briefly summarizes relevant literature on how humans think within contexts in response to problems and opportunities. Section three illustrates the creation and interpreting of DSA maps using a training exercise in pricing a chemical product to different OEM (original equipment manufacturer) customers. Section four presents a training exercise in pricing decisions by a petroleum manufacturing firm. Section five presents a training exercise in marketing strategies by an office furniture distributer along with buying strategies by business customers. Each of the three training exercises is based on research into information processing and decision making of executives operating in marketing contexts. Section six concludes the article with suggestions for use of this training case and for developing additional training cases for honing executives' decision-making skills. Todd and Gigerenzer propose that humans use simple heuristics because they enable adaptive behavior by exploiting the structure of information in natural decision environments. "Simplicity is a virtue, rather than a curse". Bounded rationality theorists emphasize the centrality of Simon's proposition, "Human rational behavior is shaped by a scissors whose blades are the structure of the task environments and the computational capabilities of the actor". Gigerenzer's view is relevant to Simon's environmental blade and to the environmental structures in the three cases in this article, "The term environment, here, does not refer to a description of the total physical and biological environment, but only to that part important to an organism, given its needs and goals." The present article directs attention to research that combines reports on the structure of task environments with the use of adaptive toolbox heuristics of actors. The DSA mapping approach here concerns the match between strategy and an environment-the development and understanding of ecological rationality theory. Aspiration adaptation theory is central to this approach. Aspiration adaptation theory models decision making as a multi-goal problem without aggregation of the goals into a complete preference order over all decision alternatives. The three case studies in this article permit the learner to apply propositions in aspiration level rules in reaching a decision. Aspiration adaptation takes the form of a sequence of adjustment steps. An adjustment step shifts the current aspiration level to a neighboring point on an aspiration grid by a change in only one goal variable. An upward adjustment step is an increase and a downward adjustment step is a decrease of a goal variable. Creating and using aspiration adaptation levels is integral to bounded rationality theory. The present article increases understanding and expertise of both aspiration adaptation and bounded rationality theories by providing learner experiences and practice in using propositions in both theories. Practice in ranking CTSs and writing TOP gists from DSA maps serves to clarify and deepen Selten's view, "Clearly, aspiration adaptation must enter the picture as an integrated part of the search for a solution." The body of "direct research" by Mintzberg, Gladwin's ethnographic decision tree modeling, and Huff's work on mapping strategic thought are suggestions on where to look for research that considers both the structure of the environment and the computational capabilities of the actors making decisions in these environments. Such research on bounded rationality permits both further development of theory in how and why decisions are made in real life and the development of learning exercises in the use of heuristics occurring in natural environments. The exercises in the present article encourage learning skills and principles of using fast and frugal heuristics in contexts of their intended use. The exercises respond to Schank's wisdom, "In a deep sense, education isn't about knowledge or getting students to know what has happened. It is about getting them to feel what has happened. This is not easy to do. Education, as it is in schools today, is emotionless. This is a huge problem." The three cases and accompanying set of exercise questions adhere to Schank's view, "Processes are best taught by actually engaging in them, which can often mean, for mental processing, active discussion."

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Digital Forecast of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) represents 5 km gridded weather forecast over the Korean Peninsula and the surrounding oceanic regions in Korean territory. Digital Forecast provides 12 weather forecast elements such as three-hour interval temperature, sky condition, wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity, wave height, probability of precipitation, 12 hour accumulated rain and snow, as well as daily minimum and maximum temperatures. These forecast elements are updated every three-hour for the next 48 hours regularly. The objective of this study was to construct Forest Fire Danger Rating Systems on the Korean Peninsula (FFDRS_KORP) based on the daily weather index (DWI) and to improve the accuracy using the digital forecast data. We produced the thematic maps of temperature, humidity, and wind speed over the Korean Peninsula to analyze DWI. To calculate DWI of the Korean Peninsula it was applied forest fire occurrence probability model by logistic regression analysis, i.e. $[1+{\exp}\{-(2.494+(0.004{\times}T_{max})-(0.008{\times}EF))\}]^{-1}$. The result of verification test among the real-time observatory data, digital forecast and RDAPS data showed that predicting values of the digital forecast advanced more than those of RDAPS data. The results of the comparison with the average forest fire danger rating index (sampled at 233 administrative districts) and those with the digital weather showed higher relative accuracy than those with the RDAPS data. The coefficient of determination of forest fire danger rating was shown as $R^2$=0.854. There was a difference of 0.5 between the national mean fire danger rating index (70) with the application of the real-time observatory data and that with the digital forecast (70.5).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This study focused on establishing a natural rainwater circulation system using rainwater meant for relatively large urban development projects such as a new town development. In particular, when the location selection techniques for individual elements of a natural rainwater circulation system are developed for the integrated rainwater management, changes in hydrological environment will be minimized and the natural water circulation would be restored to realize the low impact development (LID). In that case, not only the excess will be reduced but water space and green areas in a city would also increase to improve the urban sustainability. First of all, there were five elements selected for the location selection of a rainwater circulation system intended for the integrated rainwater management: rainwater collection, infiltration, filtration, retention and movement spaces. After generating these items, the location selection items and criteria were defined for each of the five elements. For a technique to apply the generated evaluation items and criteria, a grid cell analysis was conducted based m the suitability index theory, and thematic maps were overlapped through suitability assessment of each element and graded based on the suitability index. The priority areas were identified for each element. The developed technique was applied to a site where Gim-cheon Innovation City development is planned to review its feasibility and limitations. The combined score of the overlapped map for each element was separated into five levels: very low, low, moderate, high and very high. Finally, it was concluded that creating a rainwater circulation system conceptual map m the current land use plan based on the outcome of the application would be useful in building a water circulation system at the de1ailed space planning stage after environmental and ecological planning. Furthermore, we use the results of this study as a means for environment-friendly urban planning for sustainable urban development.