• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.272-283
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• 2017

Purpose: This descriptive study compared changes in life style and health perceptions before and after the onset of coronary heart disease in 100 patients. Methods: Data were from May to July in 2016 through questionnaires and medical records. The collected data were analyzed by a $x^2$ test, and paired t-test using SPSS 12.0. Results: After the onset of heart disease, significant decreases were observed in smoking ($x^2=17.21$, p<.001) and drinking ($x^2=43.56$, p<.001), while exercise increased significantly ($x^2=32.77$, p<.001). Appetite, stress and health state were significantly decreased after the onset of heart disease (t=3.18, p=.002, t=3.55, p=.001, t=4.43, p<.001), and knowledge about disease was significantly increased after the onset of heart disease (t=-13.66, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that continuous follow-up management programs including smoking and drinking cessation, exercise, appetite and stress management should be developed and implemented for Coronary Heart Disease with PCI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.587-596
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine health consciousness and eating habits of workers at Deluxe hotels in Seoul and Gyonggi-do. To determine health levels, this study focused on quality of sleep, current state of health, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, dietary behavior patterns, dietary habits, and food intake patterns. Out of 228 subjects, 145 (63.6%) were males and 83 (36.4%) were females. Majority of workers (86.9%) graduated from university. A majority (57.0%) worked more than 10 years. Average health condition was 'little tired', whereas 18.4% of subjects were 'always tired'. Male percentages for smoking and drinking were higher than those for females. A total of 44.3% of workers ate twice a day. Regular physical activity was high, but regular exercise rate was slightly low. Male average eating speed was faster than that of females and had lower scores for desirable eating habits. Shift workers ate night meals more than non- shift workers. This study shows that workers at Deluxe hotels need to take better care of their health.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effect of household types on the occurrence of chronic diseases depending on gender and to identify the factors associated with chronic disease occurrence in one-person households. Methods: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using the data of 15,949 adults with the age of 19 years or older from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015). Results: For male, the risk of chronic disease occurrence was higher in one-person households than in multi-person households, and the same held true after adjusting for the confounding factors. For female, no significant relationship was found between household types and chronic disease occurrence. Factors associated with chronic disease occurrence were age, employment state, marital state, smoking, perceived stress, and depression in male, and age, employment state, physical activity, and obesity in female. Conclusion: It is necessary to monitor the disparity in health depending on household types in male. Additionally, providing a gender specific chronic disease prevention and health enhancement program is required.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between health risk factors and mortality in Juam cohort. Methods: The subjects were 1,447 males and 1,889 females who had been followed up for 68.5 months to 1 January 2001. Whether they were alive or not was confirmed by the mortality data of the National Statistical Office. A total of 289 persons among them died during the follow-up period. The Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis. Results: Age, type of medical insurance, self cognitive health level, habit of alcohol drinking, smoking, exercise and BMI level were included in Cox's proportional hazard model by gender. The hazard ratio of age was 1.07(95% CI: 1.05-1.10) in men, 1.09(95% CI: 1.06-1.12) in women. The hazard ratio of medical aid(lower socioeconomic state) was 1.43(95% CI 1.02-2.19) in women. The hazard ratios of current alcohol drinking and current smoking were respectively 1.69(95% CI: 1.01-2.98), 1.52(95% CI: 1.02-2.28) in women. The hazard ratio of underweight was 1.56(95% CI 1.08-2.47) in men. The hazard ratios of underweight, normoweight, overweight, and obesity were respectively 1.63(95% CI: 1.02-2.67), 1.0(referent), 0.62(95% CI: 0.32-1.63), 1.27(95% CI: 0.65-3.06), which supported the U-shaped relationship between body mass index and mortality among the men over 65. Conclusions: The health risk factors increasing mortality were age, underweight in male, age, lower socioeconomic state, current alcohol drinking, current smoking in female. To evaluate long-term association between health risk factors and mortality, further studies need to be carried out.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.421-429
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• 2005

Purpose: It has been postulated that dopamine release in the striatum underlies the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Substantial evidence in the animal studies demonstrates that nicotine interacts with dopaminergic neuron and regulates the activation of the dopaminergic system. The aim of this study was to visualize the dopamine release by smoking in human brain using PET scan with $[^{11}C]raclopride$. Materials and Methods: Five male non-smokers or ex-smokers with an abstinence period longer than 1 year (mean age of $24.4{\pm}1.7$ years) were enrolled in this study $[^{11}C]raclopride$, a dopamine D2 receptor radioligand, was administrated with bolus-plus-constant infusion. Dynamic PET was performed during 120 minutes ($3{\times}20s,\;2{\times}60s,\;2{\times}120s,\;1{\times}180s\;and\;22{\times}300s$). following the 50 minute-scanning, subjects smoked a cigarette containing 1 mg of nicotine while in the scanner. Blood samples for the measurement of plasma nicotine level were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minute after smoking. Regions for striatal structures were drawn on the coronal summed PET images guided with co-registered MRI. Binding potential, calculated as (striatal-cerebellar)/cerebellar activity, was measured under equilibrium condition at baseline and smoking session. Results: The mean decrease in binding potential of $[^{11}C]raclopride$ between the baseline and smoking in caudate head, anterior putamen and ventral striatum was 4.7%, 4.0% and 7.8%, respectively. This indicated the striatal dopamine release by smoking. Of these, the reduction in binding potential in the ventral striatum was significantly correlated with the cumulated plasma level of the nicotine (Spearman's rho=0.9, p=0.04). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that in vivo imaging with $[^{11}C]raclopride$ PET could measure nicotine-induced dopamine release in the human brain, which has a significant positive correlation with the amount or nicotine administered bt smoking.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 1998

Aircraft and the three-dimensional environment in which they operate are not user-friendly for human beings. As a result, maintaining the proficiencies necessary to safely and efficiently fly an airplane are difficult, and costly. The physiological and emotional status of the human element remains crucial in maintaining safe performance by all crew members. In the study of Hagiwara et al.(1993). they called the physiological and emotional status of the human element into the human alertness or physiological activity and stress, fatigue, circadian rhythm, alcohol. smoking, and self-medication are known the major factors that deteriorate the human alertness. Accordingly. this paper deals with the quantitative and objective performance test based on tracking error and reaction time by means of the new computer test program into which the perception-motion system of human beings is applied. Throughout this experiment using performance test, the results suggest that performance capability in state of sleep deprivation 2 hours and alcoholic 0.05~0.06% in blood were more impaired than one in a normal state, and they further showed statistically significant differences between them, which were influenced by impairment factors of body regulation and pilot's grade. We also obtained the prediction value and the 95% confidence interval of tracking error and reaction time at the normal state for the purpose of distinguishing performance capability between the normal state and the abnormal state. And it is expected that the evaluation of human alertness using performance test will be applied to the quantitative assessment of an each pilot's realistic consciousness/attention, and will lead a flight commander to the accurate decision of mission approval prior to a flight.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.402-415
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• 1998

The purpose of study was to identify the degree of menopausal of age knowledge and management of menopausal women. The data were collected from April 1st to May 31th in 1998 and 368 total. Data were analyzed by SPSS/PC program. The results were as follows. 1. The average age was 45-50 years. General health state was good 71% mosty they were house keeper. 87.5% had religion. The married woman was 86.1%. Menopause treatment experience was 88.1%. The educational state was below middle school, 72.3%. 2. The high score of knowledge of menopause was the item of whether they conceive or not after menopause, irregularity of menopause, menopausal symptoms, of the possibility osteoporosis. 3. The score of knowledge was the highest at the group 45-50, the high education, and the high number of family members. 4. The score of management was the highest in self control category. No drinking & no smoking items were the highest. Sexual management and management by professional person were low score. 5. The higher score of the knowledge of menopause, the higher score of the management.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

This is a descriptive research study that classified Korean adults with obesity into those with Metabolically Healthy Obesity and those with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity based on the data from the fifth and sixth South Korea's National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, designed due to the development of information and communication technology, to examine the impacts of obese adults' health behavior factors and mental health factors on their metabolic state. With respect to data analysis, the collected data were analyzed by complex sample statistics. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Men who were smoking at the time of the survey had a 1.29 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. Women who had a high stress cognition rate had a 1.02 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. This study is significant as it provides the basic data for establishing strategies of nursing intervention for the promotion of obese adults' health, and it suggests that it is necessary to develop a program for the promotion of obese adults' health based on these results.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

The relation of food and supplemental intake of iron, vitamin E and ascorbic acid and other lifestyle variables to packed cell volume (PCV) and serum vitamin levels was studied in urban and rural (71% Amish) communities. Subjects were interviewed (24-h dietary recalls) on three occasions over 18-months, and blood samples were taken (maximum observations = 442). Mean PCV was lower in rural males (43.3) than in urban males (45.4) despite higher man food iron intake (18.7 and 14.4 mg/day, respectively). Mean meal iron availability was higher at lunch and lower at breakfast and dinner for rural than for urban subjects. Smoking was the number one variable in males and females explaining variance in PCV. Supplemental vitamin E and ascorbate intakes explained the most variance in serum vitamin E and ascorbate levels, respectively. Serum vitamin E was also associated with supplemental ascorbate intake (r=0.29). Serum ascorbate was also associated with food ascorbate intake (r=0.28) and body weight (r=-0.24).

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to confirm the influence of nursing student's values on attitudes toward death of them. The subjects for this study was based 356 students of high school in Gwang Ju. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, reliability, factor analysis, t-test, one -way ANOVA, scheffe, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The mean score for values was 24.31 The mean score for attitudes of death was 34.02 2. There was significant differences of attitudes of death according to religion, socioeconomic state, existence of parent, grades, smoking, alcohol intaking 3. There was a positive correlation that is values and attitudes toward death of nursing student. 4. There was a significant predictors influencing attitudes toward death of nursing students were values and alcohol intaking and these predictors accounted for 18.2% of attitudes toward death of them.