• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6133-6137
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• 2012

Purpose: To study the effect of bolus versus no bolus in the coverage of the nodal tumour volume with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods and Materials: This retrospective study used data from 5 consecutive patients with NPC who were treated with bolus for large neck nodes using IMRT from November 2011-January 2012 in our institute. All these patients were treated radically with IMRT according to our institution's protocol. Re-planning with IMRT without bolus for these patients with exactly the same target volumes were done for comparison. Comparison of the plans was done by comparing the V70 of PTV70-N, V66.5 of PTV70-N, V65.1 of PTV70-N and the surface dose of the PTV70-N. Results: The mean size of the largest diameter of the enlarged lymph nodes for the 5 patients was 3.9 cm. The mean distance of the GTV-N to the skin surface was 0.6 cm. The mean V70 of PTV70-N for the 5 patients showed an absolute advantage of 10.8% (92.4% vs. 81.6%) for the plan with bolus while the V66.5 of PTV70-N had an advantage of 8.1% (97.0% vs. 88.9%). The mean V65.1 also had an advantage of 7.1% (97.6% vs. 90.5%). The mean surface dose for the PTV70-N was also much higher at 61.1 Gy for the plans with bolus compared to only 23.5 Gy for the plans without bolus. Conclusion: Neck node bolus technique should be strongly considered in the treatment of NPC with enlarged lymph nodes treated with IMRT. It yields a superior dosimetry compared t o non-bolus plans with acceptable skin toxicity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

Design-build is expanding gradually in large construction projects over 10billion won, and continue to work in health care facilities is increasing in this way. This constructional method in health care facilities, despite the many advantages, many problems caused by design changes are being raised. Raises the question of design changes on the side of construction contract, such as approval systems have been studied in the field of construction. The purpose of this study design in aspects of architectural planning on changing the grasp of the issues outlined in the ITB and bid evaluation criteria through consideration of the basic plan for improvement guidelines and evaluation criteria is presented. In conclusion, Design build, according to the presence of existing users are more likely to lead to design changes. Thus, hospital architecture, depending on how it is considered that constructional methods. And evaluation items of ITB(Invitation To Bidder) for a large part of the change in the variables evaluated in the hospital building is not suitable for the design build. Instead, the overall shape of the building and department, unit type and size, vertical and horizontal parts of the circulation system in the shape of the building that does not change in structure and etc should be considered for evaluation.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.14 no.4 s.58
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

In this paper, we summarize the lessons learned from the applications of the software reliability engineering to a large-scale software project. The considered software is the software system of the TDX-10 ISDN switching system. The considered software consists of many components, called functional blocks. These functional blocks serve as the unit of coding and test. The software is continuing to be developed by adding new functional blocks. We are mainly concerned with the analysis of the effects of these software components to software reliability and with the analysis of the reliability evolution. We analyze the static characteristics of the software related to software reliability using failure data collected during system test. We also discussed a pattern which represents a local and global growth of the software reliability as version evolves. To find the pattern of software of the TDX-10 ISDN system, we apply the S-shaped model to a collection of failure data sets of each evolutionary version and the Goel-Okumoto (G-O) model to a grouped overall failure data set. We expect this pattern analysis will be helpful to plan and manage necessary human/resources for a new similar software project which is developed under the same developing circumstances by estimating the total software failures with respect to its size and time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.4A
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• pp.399-414
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• 2004

In this paper, an evolution of software reliability engineering in a large-scale software project is summarized. The considered software consists of many components, called functional blocks in software of switching system. These functional blocks are served as the unit of coding and test, and the software is continuously updated by adding new functional blocks. We are mainly concerned with the analysis of the effects of these software components in software reliability and reliability evolution. We analyze the static characteristics of the software related to software reliability using collected failure data during system test. We also discussed a pattern which represents a local and global growth of the software reliability as version evolves. To find the pattern of system software, we apply the S-shaped model to a collection of failure data sets of each evolutionary version and the Goel-Okumoto(G-O) model to a grouped overall failure data set. We expect this pattern analysis will be helpful to plan and manage necessary human/resources fur a new similar software project which is developed under the same developing circumstances by estimating the total software failures with respect to its size and time.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.24
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• pp.519-557
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest the strategic development model for the Taegu University Library preparing the 21st century. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Size of collection aim to 697,000 volumes and 1,605 titles until 2000, 975,000 volumes and 3,224 titles until 2005, and 1,185,000 volumes and journals of 6,482 titles until 2010. 2. The library should have 36 professionals until 2000, 53 professionals until 2005, and 69 professionals until 2,010. And library should reorganize 3 departments and 14 sections up to 2,000, 6 departments and 22 sections up to 2,010. After that, the university should grope for a best way to combine the library and the CCC (Computing and Communication Center) into a single unit. 3. In case of space plan, it is necessary that library have to the total area of 31,478m$^{2}$. To find the recommended area, the library must improve the ratio of the net space 50 percent to 75 percent. 4. The model of scholarly information system should be designed to provide a total array of information services to the students and professors, envisioned as typically a user seeking information at a desk and workstation, regardless of format or computing capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

A high-speed railway system represents a typical example of large-scale multi-disciplinary system, consisting of subsystems such as rolling-stock, electrical hardware, electronics, control, information, communication, civil technology etc. The system design and acquisition data of the large-scale system must be the subject under strict configuration control and management. Systems engineering technology development project for Korea next generation High-speed Electric Multiple Unit (HEMU) system in progress is a national large system development project that is not only a large-size and complex but also multi-disciplinary in nature. Therefore, all stakeholders must understand and share the functional and performance requirements of HEMU throughout its life-cycle phases. Also in the test and evaluation phase, all systems requirements must be verified. In 2011, the prototype train manufacturing will be completed. It will do test run on the commercial line and all systems requirements are verified until 2012. For the system verification, the test and evaluation process have to be established before the test trial run. Using a systems engineering tool, the system design database(SDD) with requirements traceability and development process management in the course of the development have to be established. This paper represents the test and evaluation process development based on the SEMP(Systems Engineering Management Plan) developed in the design stage. The test and evaluation process is refined and updated in comparison to the design stage one. The test and evaluation process consists of procedure, test and evaluation method and schedule. So through this process, it is defined that each systems requirements is verified on which test and about what time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.742-750
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• 2007

This paper presents a mathematical model for a double-fleet operation in Korean high speed rail (HSR). KORAIL has a plan to launch new HSR units in 2010, which are composed of 10 railcars. The double-fleet operation assigns a single-unit or two-unit fleet to a segment, accommodating demand fluctuation. The proposed model assumes stochastic demand and uses chance-constrained constraints to assure a preset service level. It can be used in the tactical planning stage of the rail management as it includes several real-world conditions, such as the capacities of the infra-structures and operational procedures. In the solution approach, the expected revenue in the objective function is linearized by using expected marginal revenue, and the chance-constrained constraints are linearized by assuming that demands are normally distributed. Subsequently, the model can be solved by a mixed-integer linear programming solver fur small size problems. The test results of the model applied to Friday morning train schedules for one month sample data from KTX operation in 2004 shows that the proposed model could be utilized to determine the effectiveness of double-fleet operation, which could significantly increase the expected profit and seat utilization rates when properly maneuvered.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This survey on the housing consumers in the Daegu region aims to understand their needs for differentiating design items, which are now regarded to be essential factors to take the lead in the apartment housing market. The survey questionnaires on the differentiating items in six categories, were filled by 135 apartment households in Deagu, and the answers on each item were analyzed according to their home size and age. For the general apartment plan, the strongest need was found in the energy saving design; and larger windows for a fine view are significantly favored by the older households. For the unit design, more households were interested in the design items related to the kitchen or subsidiary-kitchens. For the storage space design, enough space for ampler storage was desired the most. For the interior design, prevailing needs for the use of environment-friendly furnishing materials and the non-slippery flooring of bathroom were found. For facilities and up-to-date system design, most of households displayed their interests in noise-proof doors. For the environment design of the complex, the need for a walk passage was highest in general.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2001

Purpose : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of tissue inhomogeneities when appling to contrast medium among Homogeneous, Batho and ETAR dose calculation method in RTP system. Method and Material : We made customized heterogeneous phantom it filled with water or contrast medium slab. Phantom scan data have taken PQ 5000 (CT scanner, Marconi, USA) and then dose was calculated in 3D RTP (AcQ-Plan, Marconi, USA) depends on dose calculation algorithm (Homogeneous, Batho, ETAR). The dose comparisons were described in terms of 2D isodose distribution, percent depth dose data, effective path length and monitor unit. Also dose distributions were calculated with homogeneous and inhomogeneous correction algorithm, Batho and ETAR, in each patients with different clinical sites. Results : Result indicated that Batho and ETAR method gave rise to percent depth dose deviation $1.5{\sim}2.7\%,\;2.3{\sim}3.5\%$ (6MV, field size $10{\times}10cm^2$) in each status with and without contrast medium. Also show that effective path lengths were more increase in contrast status (23.14 cm) than Non-contrast (22.07 cm) about $4.9\%$ or 10.7 mm (In case Hounsfield Unit 270) and these results were similary showned in each patient with different clinical site that was lung. prostate, liver and brain region. Concliusion : In conclusion we shown that the use of inhomogeneity correction algorithm for dose calculation in status of injected contrast medium can not represent exact dose at GTV region. These results mean that patients will be more irradiated photon beam during radiation therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the changes in area ratios by space through floor plans of national leasing houses constructed by the LH in Jangseong-gun, particularly focusing on the floor plans of public leasing housing complexes built during the 1970s-80s and those during the 2010s. The results are as follows: First, according to the composition ratio of floor plans by period, the type of Bedroom> Livingroom> Common Area> Kitchen+Dining> Multi-purpose room> Bathroom> or the type of Bedroom> Livingroom> Kitchen/Dining> Common Area> Bathroom> Multi-purpose room were found to be high during the 1970s. Whereas, the type of Common Area>Living room(Kitchen/Dining included)>Bedroom>Bathroom>Front Entrance was found to be high during the 2010. It can be concluded that the ratio of Bedroom and Living room was found to be high during the 1970s, but after 2010s, the spacial composition ratio of Common Space, Living room, and Bedroom is getting higher in the order. Second, in terms of the composition ratio of floor plans by the area of unit household, among the floor plan of C-1, B-2, B-3, C-2 which were used since 2010s, the spatial ratio of Bedroom was maintained in the range of 20%; while during the 1970s, the Bedroom space of A-1(46%), A-2(46%), and A-3(41%) was found to be higher than 40%. It can be concluded that the size of bedroom space has doubled over time. In terms of the changes in the spatial ratio of Living room, A-1(15%), A-2(22%), and A-3(23%) were found during the 1970s. Compared to the recent floor plans of C-1(28%), B-2(25%), B-3(33%), and C-2(34%) which are applied in Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do province, no big changes have been found, particularly in the small floor plans (20% range).