• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1997

Seasonal variation of the population structure and the reproductive pattern of the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, were investigated. High capture ratios in juveniles, young adult, and old adult mice were found during the period from October to November, from November to March, and from May to September, respectively, and extremely low capture ratios of old adults during the period from November to February were characteristic. It seemed that the young adults that survived during the winter might become older by summer and have been counted as the old adults. The breeding in the mice began earlier in males (from mid February or early March to late October) than in females (from mid March to late October), having a peak in August and September, and both the male and female mice weighing more than 20 g generally reached sexual maturation in general. In the breeding season, both young and old adult males had large testes with enlarged seminiferous tubules filled with numerous germ and Sertoli cells, and expanded caudal epididymides with a vast number of spermatozoa; the females had many Graafian follicles and corpora lutea in large ovaries, and developed uterine glands in the thick endometria. The lower ratios of the testis weight to the body weight in July and August in 1994 compared to 1995 seemed due to the extreme drought and considerably higher temperature in 1994, but the decrease in the ratio in mid-summer, only in the old mice, in both years might be explained partially by aging.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2017

Objectives: We investigated the effect of acupuncture on memory function in relation with neurogenesis in old rats. Methods: In this study, a step-down avoidance task for short-term memory and Y-maze task for spatial memory capability were conducted. Western blot analysis for brain-derived neurotorphic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), and immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed. Results: Short-term memory and spatial memories were decreased in the old-aged rats. Expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were significantly decreased in the old-aged rats. Neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was also decreased in the old-aged rats. However, acupuncture treatment alleviated impairment of short-term and spatial memories induced by ageing. Acupuncture also increased the expressions of BDNF and TrkB and enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The present study showed that acupuncture alleviated ageing-induced short-term and spatial memory loss by increasing of BDNF and neurogenesis. Acupuncture at ST41-acupoint showed most potent effect than at ST36-acupoint or non-acupoint. Conclusions: Acupuncture might be used as the effective therapeutic modality to ameliorate the age-related decrease of brain functions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2010

Recently, we found and analyzed vitamin $B_{12}$ in some Korean traditional plant foods which had not reported, yet. This study was to investigate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and its dietary sources and the vitamin $B_{12}$ status in the very old elderly Koreans. We measured serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level and estimated the amounts of vitamin $B_{12}$ intake from different dietary sources in female elderly Koreans aged 85 and over who had consumed a relatively low animal traditional diet for the whole life. The average age of the subjects (n = 127) was 98.0 years (85-108 years). The assessment on energy and nutrient intake involved a one-day 24-hour recall, and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Overall diet pattern was not different between the 85-99 yr-old group and centenarians, except centenarians were taking more dairy product. The average ratio of plant food to animal food consumption was 87.5:12.5 in weight. The average vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of our subjects was 3.2 ${\mu}g$, and 52.7% of subjects consumed under estimated average requirement, 2.0 ${\mu}g$/day. On dietary source, 67.3% of dietary vitamin $B_{12}$ was from meat, eggs and fishes and 30.6% was from plant foods, such as soybean-fermented foods, seaweeds, and kimchi. The average serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was 450.5 pg/mL, and low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (< 200 pg/mL) was found in 9.6% of subjects. Dietary vitamin $B_{12}$ intake was significantly lower in subjects with low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (0.79 ${\mu}g$/day) than those with normal serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (3.47 ${\mu}g$/day). There were no significant difference in vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and its dietary sources and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level between the 85-99 yr- old group and centenarians. In conclusion, several plant-origin foods including seaweed, soybean-fermented foods, and kimchi, may contribute significantly to good vitamin $B_{12}$ status in very old elderly Koreans.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2003

Objectives : Suoyounsoodan(首烏延壽丹) composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB. and some medical herbs is known as formula of senescence delay effect The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Suoyounsoodan(首烏延壽丹) on antioxidant enzyme activity such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) in rat plasma and liver. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups, Young group(8 weeks old, N-8), Aging group(18 weeks old, N-18), pathologically induced aging group(injected D-galactose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, CON) and Suoyounsoodan(首烏延壽丹) administered group(D-galactose 50mg/kg and Suoyounsoodan extracts 840.0mg/kg 1time/day for 6 weeks, SOY). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH-px were mesured in rat plasma and liver. Results: Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations of SOY group was sinificantly lower than that of control. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activities of SOY group was increased(F=3.405, p=0.034, ANOVA test), and RBC catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different. RBC GSH-px activities of SOY group was increased(F=9.261, p=0.0001, ANOVA test). Liver SOD activities of SOY group was higher than that of control(F=3.806, p=0.023, ANOVA test). Liver catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different, and liver GSH-px activity of SOY group was significantly higher than that of control(F=3.572, p=0.029, ANOVA test). Conclusions: According to the above results, It is considered Suoyounsoodan is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing anti oxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.112-127
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• 2002

Objectives: Younnyeniksoobulrodan(延年益壽不老丹) composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB. and some medical herbs is known as formula of senescence delay effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Younnyeniksoobulrodan(延年益壽不老丹) on antioxidant enzyme activity such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and liver. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 gorups, Young group(8 weeks old, N-8), Aging group(18 weeks old, N-18), pathologically induced aging gorup(injected D-galatose 50mg／kg, 1time／day for 6 weeks, CON) and Younnyeniksoobulrodan(延年益壽不老丹) administered group(D-galactose 50mg／kg and Younnyeniksoobulrodan extracts 840.0mg／kg 1time／day for 6 weeks, YIB). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH-px were measured in rat erythrocytes and liver. Results: Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations of YIB group were significantly lower than those of control. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activities of YIB group was increased(F=3.445, p=0.033, ANOVA test), and RBC catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different. RBC GSH-px activities of YIB group was increased(F=9.365,p=0.0001, ANOVA test). Liver SOD activities of YIB group was higher than those of control(F=4.967, p=0.008, ANOVA test). Liver catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different, and liver GSH-px activity of YIB group was significantly higher than that of control(F=3.846, p=0.022,ANOVA test). Conclusions: According to the above results, it is considered that Younnyeniksoobulrodan is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2016

The human skins had a lot of changes as aging. The synthesis of collagens and elastic fibers were reduced and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) was increased in the dermis. These changes have been known to be responsible for skin wrinkle formation. In this study, we tried to develop pre-indicator of inner skin aging, and investigated the effect of the cream product containing Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction (Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside cream). 21 ~ 34 years old 52 Korean female volunteers without crow's feet were chosen for this clinical study. The starting point of inner skin aging was confirmed through dermal density measurement, even though outside skin wrinkles were not observed. In addition, 4 and 8 weeks treatment of G. pentaphyllum gypenoside cream significantly increased age-related reduction of dermal density. These results suggest that the evaluation of dermal density can be used as pre-indicator of skin aging. Furthermore, G. pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction is a potential anti-wrinkle agent for prevention and treatment of skin aging.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2023

In recent decades, the field of aging research has progressed from the genetic and cellular levels to in vivo models of blood exchange. Since genes capable of extending the lifespan in C. elegance have been reported, various potential target molecules have been discovered through genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Accordingly, research on the interactions between target molecules has also been increasing. The parabiosis method, in which two experimental animals are surgically combined, was introduced, and a factor that could reverse the aging phenomenon was discovered using this method. The parabiosis method is used to find more accurate and effective aging-reversal factors that could exist in young blood. As more new evidence has been revealed, the parabiosis method has established a new paradigm for aging research. Moreover, a device capable of exchanging blood elaborately in laboratory animals was published in 2022 and presented new results necessary for aging reversal. Since GDF11, was reported, many other anti-aging candidates that are soluble factors in blood, such as β2m, TIMP2, VCAM1, Gpld1, and clusterin, have been discovered. In addition, mcicroglia cells and neuroinflammation have been directly proven to be aging factors. These latest research results were obtained by parabiosis, the newly designed device for plasmapheresis, and injecting young blood or conditioned blood methods. In this review, we discuss the latest research results using the device and young blood administration in old mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2017

Vascular reactivity can be influenced by the vascular region, animal age, and pathologies present. Prostaglandins (produced by COX-1 and COX-2) play an important role in the contractile response to phenylephrine in the abdominal aorta of young rats. Although these COXs are found in many tissues, their distribution and role in vascular reactivity are not clear. At a vascular level, they take part in the homeostasis functions involved in many physiological and pathologic processes (e.g., arterial pressure and inflammatory processes). The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the contractile response to phenylephrine of thoracic/abdominal aorta and the coronary artery during aging in rats. Three groups of rats were formed and sacrificed at three distinct ages: prepubescent, young and old adult. The results suggest that there is a higher participation of prostanoids in the contractile effect of phenylephrine in pre-pubescent rats, and a lower participation of the same in old rats. Contrarily, there seems to be a higher participation of prostanoids in the contractile response of the coronary artery of older than pre-pubescent rats. Considering that the changes in the expression of COX-2 were similar for the three age groups and the two tissues tested, and that expression of COX-1 is apparently greater in older rats, COX-1 and COX-2 may lose functionality in relation to their corresponding receptors during aging in rats.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2000

It is reported that the toughness and safety margins of the SA106 Gr.C main steam line piping steel is reduced due to dynamic strain aging (DSA) at the reactor operating temperature for Leak-Before-Break (LBB) application. In this study, intercritical annealing in two-phase ($\alpha$+${\gamma}$）region was performed to investigate the possibility of improving the toughness and reducing DSA susceptibility. The manifestations of DSA were still observed in the tensile tests of the annealed specimens. However, the ductility loss caused by DSA was smaller than that in the as-received material. Furthermore, the intercritical annealing was able to increase the Charpy impact toughness by 1.5 times compared to as-received. With the heat treatment, we could obtain microstructural changes such as the cleaner retained ferrite, increased ferrite content and somewhat finer grain size. It is considered that the reduced DSA was induced by cleaner retained ferrite, which in turn resulted in higher impact toughness in addition to the general toughening due to finer grain sizes and increased ferrite content.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1413-1425
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• 2009

The objective of the work is to analyze the factors affecting on changes in filial piety responsibility expectation. For the analysis, this study focuses on the two factors-aging effect and cohort effect. This work analyzes the 4 wave Hallym Aging Panel Data with random intercept model. In the study cohort is divided by the criteria of birth year 1940. and the former cohort is called colony-war cohort and the latter cohort is called industrialization-democratization cohort. The results are in following. First, older cohort shows higher filial piety responsibility expectation score than younger cohort. Second, age shows no relationship with filial responsibility expectation score. Third, male and resident in rural area shows higher score. Forth income, year of schooling, and subjective health show negative relationship with responsibility score.