• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.481-494
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and the depths of 27 sampling sites along the West Nakdong river in downstream of Nakdong River. The deepest site was Kangdong bridge nearby 20ft. From here, the depth was shallowed to Chidong gradually. In each site the smaller mesh was, the liger concentration of heavy metal becomed. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu at inflow point of Shinoe stream was 576.016 ppm, 262.307 ppm, 68.674 ppm and 61.634 ppm, respectively, the concentration was the higest at this point. From here, it was lowered gradually. The concentration of heavy metal at inflow point of Joman river was 155.328 ppm, 56.485 ppm, 25.200 ppm and 31.172 ppm, respectively, those concentrations were liger than other points with the exception of Shinoe stream. Therefore, woman river and Shinoe stream were the major source of pollution in West Nakdong river. Among two sources Shinoe stream was more important source of pollution. West Nakdong river has become lake by Noksan floodgate because it's pollution has had influence on Bonglim.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2008

As a transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, riparian areas of rivers and streams play significant roles in production and decomposition for river and stream systems. Understanding of the physical and ecological characteristics of riparian areas are, therefore, important for the management of river and stream systems. It is especially important to understand the characteristics of riparian areas for the Nakdong River in Korea which has a large watershed area and diverse land uses. This study aimed at collecting field data, according to stream types, which are essential for the management of riparian areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Nakdong River, Korea. Most riparian areas surveyed in this study had roads within 100 meters from river edges. Distances from water edge to banks were less than 1m for most riparian areas neighboring agricultural lands, indicating that those areas might be very vulnerable to pollutant inputs from non-point sources. Water quality data indicated that soil erosion in the riparian areas could be a major source of phosphorus input to the Nakdong River and land use patters might have a significant influence on nitrogen concentration in the river. Heavy metal concentrations in soils of the riparian areas of the river were below soil quality standards, except arsenic and chromium. Vegetation surveys showed that therophytes were the most frequently occurred riparian plants in the Nakdong River. Number of aquatic plant species increased downstream, with the most diverse aquatic plants observed in wetlands and irrigation canals of the West Nakdong River. Occurrence rate of naturalized plants and urbanization index were high in the survey sites adjacent to urban and agricultural areas.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2017

To certificate change in the geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the main stream of the Nakdong River, surface sediments from 12 sampling sites during the first and second half year (total 24 sampling sites) were collected and analyzed for grain size, ignition loss, total organic carbon and heavy metal content. Surface sediments mainly composed of sand (coarse and medium sand) and fining changed from the first half to the second half of the year. Ignition loss, total organic carbon and heavy metals content increased in the second half of the year. Some heavy metals (Zn, Ni and Cu) were found to be at the lowest effect levels according to Ontario sediment quality guidelines. Additionally, most heavy metals were found to be at the non polluted level and level I according to USEPA sediment quality standards and National Institute of Environmental Research sediment pollution evaluation standard, respectively. The enrichment factor (< 1) and index of geoaccmulation (< 0) were non polluted in the study area. The correlation analysis results showed that ignition loss, total organic carbon and heavy metal content were highly correlated with grain size. Regarding changes in geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the study area, grain size fine and organic matter and heavy metal content increased in the second half year. Nonetheless these results indicated pollution levels that did not adversely affect the benthos.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2001

The conflicts between environment protection and economic development are becoming increasingly important in environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin. A science-based evaluation system is now needed to represent both the environmental values and the economic values with a common measure. EMERGY, spelled with an \"m\" evaluates both the work of river and that of human in generating products and services. The monetary cost-benefit analysis and the environmental accounting by EMERGY analysis were applied to determine whether there will have a net benefit in environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin. Based on the results of the environmental accounting, all alternatives which related to environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin show that more and more of EMERGY cost becomes needed than the a EMERGY benefit from getting water to drink in the lower basin. From these results, for selecting alternatives to manage water quantity and quality that is sustainable in the environmental use and economic development, environmental accounting concepts must be considered, and the economic structure of Nakdong River Basin should be changed from the present industrial structure to social-economic based on ecological-recycling concept for the sustainable use of Nakdong River.ong River.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.514-522
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• 2013

The major 24 tributaries in Nam-River mid-watershed were monitored for discharge and water quality in order to understand the characteristics of the watershed and to select the tributary catchment for improving water quality. According to the analytical results of discharge and water quality monitoring data of 24 tributaries, the mean value of discharge below $0.1m^3/s$ was 62.5% among the monitored tributaries and it mostly exceeded the water quality standards of Nam-river mid-watershed ($BOD_5$ = 3 mg/L, T-P = 0.1 mg/L over). According to the stream grouping method and the water quality delivery load density ($kg/day/km^2$) based on the results of tributary discharge and water quality monitoring, the tributary watersheds for improving the water quality were selected. In the Nam-River mid-watershed, tributaries in the GaJwaCheon, HaChonCheon catchment (Group D, $BOD_5$ = 3 mg/L over) and in the UirYeongCheon, SeokGyoCheon catchment (Group A, T-P = 0.1 mg/L over), which have a small flow (and/or large flow) and a high concentrations of water pollutants. The various water quality improving scheme for tributaries, in accordance with the reduction of potential point source pollution by living sewage and livestock wastewater, should be established and implemented.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.44-59
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• 2014

Despite the implementation of TMDL, the water quality in lower watershed of Nam river dam has worsened continuously since 2005. Multifarious pollution sources such as cities and industrial districts are scattered around it. Nam river downstream bed slope is very gentle towards the downstream water flow of slows it down even more, depending on the water quality deterioration is accelerated eutrophication occurs. In this study, the mainstream in lower watershed of Nam river dam region to target aquatic organic matter by phytoplankton growth contribution was evaluated by statistical analysis. and statistical evaluation of water quality and the accuracy of forecasting, model calibration and verification procedures by completing QUALKO2 it's eutrophic phenomena that occur frequently in the dam outflow through scenarios predict an increase in water quality management plans to present the best should.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.745-755
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• 2012

The relations between tributaries and mainstream were identified with the water qualities measurements in the field. Parameters of water qualities were BOD, T-N, T-P and measurements were performed by 4 events of rainfalls for 2011. The precipitation data influenced on pollutants loads. Pollutants loads were fluctuations with the seasonal variation. Gajoacheon contributed in 18.39% of BOD, 23.79% of T-N, 15.23% of T-P and Nabulcheon contributed in 13.54% of BOD, 13.05% of T-N and 13.66% of T-P in the region from Nam River_C to Nam River_D. In case of the region from Nam River_C to Nam River_D, Yongacheon river inflowed to main stream as 23.65% of BOD, 20.74% of T-N, and 15.05% of T-P.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

The delivery load data obtained from Nakdong river basin are used for developing the model estimating the daily delivery load on the main side streams of Nakdong River. The developed model assesses the daily contamination loads of the main thirteen side streams that contribute to the main stream of Nakdong river. It is developed that the model using the simplified equation that can estimate the daily delivery loads on the side main streams of Nakdong river for a period of having no data of the water quality and flow. The developed model for estimating the daily delivery loads from the main side streams in Nakdong river basin on each item such as BOD, TN, and TP is expressed as Daily delivery load ($\frac{kg}{day}$) = Production load $(\frac{kg}{day}){\times}(1-{\alpha}){\times}(\frac{daily\;runoff}{average\;runoff\;per\;year}){\gamma}$. The estimated values obtained by using the model are almost fit to the calculated values (real data) that have been acquired from the thirteen main side streams in Nakdong river basin. The correlation coefficient values, R, that indicate the correlation between the estimated and the calculated show over 0.7 that mean the estimated values from the used model are adapted to the real data except TN values of Nam-river, Hwang-river, Gam-river, We-river. Especially, the correlation of TP values between the estimated and the calculated implies quite a creditable data to use.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.483-490
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• 1998

낙동강 유역의 용수수급 불균형을 해결하기 위한 한 대안으로서 한강과 낙동강 유역을 서로 연계하여 한강에서 낙동강 유역으로의 물이동 가능성을 검토하였다. 검토방법으로는 낙동강 유역의 용수부족량을 추정한 뒤 한강 유역에서의 여유량을 모의기법과 최적화기법을 사용하여 추정하였다. 모의기법으로는 HEC-5를 사용하여 중,소규모댐을 검토하고, 최종적으로 동적계획법을 사용하여 다목적댐에 대하여 검토하였다. 또한, 경제적 측면에서 한강-낙동강 유역간 물이동과 낙동강 상류의 자체 유역내 신규 수자원 개발방안의 사업비를 비교하였다. 검토결과, 계획대호 신규 수자원을 개발한다면 낙동강 유역에서 유역간 물이동없이 2021년까지 용수수요를 만족시킬 수 있었고, 경제적 측면에서도 낙동강 상류의 신규 수자원 개발방안이 한강-낙동강 유역간 물이동 방안보다 유리하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2004

본 연구는 2003년 3월부터 2004년 2월까지 낙동강 하류지역에 도래하는 조류를 지역별로 구분하여 도래현황과 서식지 환경의 특성을 조사하였다. 조사결과 낙동강 하류에서 총 114종 94,481개체가 관찰·기록되었다. 이 중 종수와 개체수에서 대마등(Ⅰ)이 55종 21,781개체로 가장 많이 관찰되었는데 낙동강 하류의 전지역 중에서 대마등과 주변의 갯벌이 채식지와 휴식지로 좋은 조건을 갖추고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 조류군집의 특성에서, 논병아리류는 하구언 아래(을숙도)지 역, 가마우지류는 수심 이 깊은 낙동강 본류와 서낙동강의 주변, 고니류와 혹부리오리 및 도요·물떼새는 하구언 하단부의 수심이 얕은 갯벌,수면성 오리류는 서낙동강(F)과 염막(C)지역, 잠수성 오리류는 비교적 수심이 깊고 서식 여건을 갖추고 있는 하구언 상단부와 서낙동강의 녹산수문 상단부를 주로 이용하고 있었다. 기타 산새류는 염 막(C)과 을숙도(A) 및 서낙동강(F) 지역에 많이 분포하고 있는데 이것은 을숙도 쓰레기 매립장의 인공 식재림, 일웅도의 유휴지와 염막으로 연결되는 지역으로 물새와 함께 일반 조류들의 서식공간으로 활용되고 있기 때문이라고 생각된다. 낙동강 하류지역은 낙동강 하구와 주남저수지의 사이에서 오리 기러기류의 채식지 및 휴식지로서 중요한 지역이지만 계속해서 개발의 유혹에서 벗어나지 못하는 지역 중의 한 곳이다. 이번 조사에서 나타난 결과는 수변지역으로는 대저수문지역(E), 서낙동강(F)의 녹산수문 상단부와 경작지로서는 염막(C)지역으로 인간의 간섭을 받지 않는 자연적인 서식지를 유지하면서 효과적으로 보존할 수 있는 철저한 관리가 요망되는 지역으로 판단된다.