• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2013

Purpose: In this study, the effects of laughter therapy on a laughter index, cortisol and immunoglobulin of middle aged women were examined. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre/post-test design were used. The participants (n=54) included 27 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. The data were collected from February through March of 2013. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy for 40 minutes per session, five times a week for a period of 2 weeks. The tool was used to measure pre/post-test laughter index, cortisol and immunoglobulin of middle aged women. Results: The results showed that laughter therapy was effective in increasing the laughter index (p<.001), and immunoglobulin IgA (p<.001), IgG (p<.001), and IgM (p=.010). Also, the stress hormone, cortisol of middle aged women decreased but non-significantly (p=.158). Conclusion: The result of the study indicates that laughter therapy may have an influence on nursing intervention and treatment effects to improve the laughter index and immunoglobulin of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2002

Purpose: This study is aimed at testing the effect of health promotion program on health promoting behavior and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged women. Method: The research design was the nonequivalent control group pre-post test. Twelve middle-aged women were the experimental group and ten were the control group. The 8-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. There were health promotion theories, flexibility and muscle strength exercise, cardiopulmonary endurance exercise, nutrition, stress management, cancer prevention and early detection, management of menopause and wrap-up in health promotion program for middle-aged women. The measurement tool was Health Promoting Behavior developed by researcher using serum cholesterol, obesity rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure as cardiovascular risk factors. Result: The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting behavior than the control group. There were no differences on cardiovascular risk factors(cholesterol, obesity rate, diastolic blood pressure) between the experimental and control groups except systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Conclusively, this health promotion program for middle-aged women was effective in increasing health promotion behaviors, but wasn't effective in decreasing cardiovascular risk factors except the systolic blood pressure. It seems it's necessary to re-study this using more samples and a longer duration of the program, and smaller mortality rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.484-500
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to better understand types of health behavior in middle aged women in the Korean agricultural society, understand their nursing needs, and eventually present guidelines to develop proper nursing interventions. Method: Participants for this study were 16 middle aged women from farming communities, who lived in C county and were independent and without chronic ailments. In collection and analysis of data Strauss & Cortin's (1997) research processes and methods were used. The period of data collection was between April 2001 and February 2002. Result: The results of the study showed that the core category was the family-oriented process of $yangsaeng^{1)}$, and four types of health behaviors were observed; $momboyang^{2)}$ maintenance of health through daily life, managing mental health, and managing illness. Each type was perceived to differ from the other in the terms of health behavior priority which was largely affected by the cultural surrounding, for example, degree of attention to children's education and tendency to a traditional role for women. Conclusion: In conclusion, nurses need to understand various types of health behavior in middle aged women. The findings from this study can be applied to the development of Korean nursing interventions that are based on health behavior among middle aged women in the Korean agricultural society. These interventions can then. be based upon understanding of Korean culture rather than drawn only from Western concepts of health behavior.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.115-129
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the physical-related stress on the appearance management behavior of middle-aged women. The questionnaires were administered to 414 middle-aged women living in Gwang-ju city, Korea. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan-test were applied. The result was as follows. First, the middle-aged women's physical-related stress was classified as follows: 1) body-related stress, 2) face-related stress, 3) hair-related stress. The middle-aged women were under a lot of pressures from hair. Second, usually, between the group of physical-related much stress and a little stress. There was not significant difference in appearance management behavior: existence in a purchasing experience. But there were significant differences in it: intention of purchasing. Third, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences on a physical-related stress. Finally, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, existence or nonexistence her husband, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences in appearance management behavior.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to define and analyze the expectations of middle-aged woman to their spouse. Methods: A sample of 39 middle-aged women was recruited from the workplace, religious organization and acquaintances. The survey was conducted with participants using self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Q methodology. Results: There were four different types of expectations of middle-aged women. First type was "Collaborative and self-development type," meaning that women developed self and were collaborated with their family or spouses. The second type was "Maintain their own life" meaning that women recognized and maintained their expertise without interference from their spouses. The third one was "Respect for the inner value" meaning that women gave continued respect and understanding their inner value. The last one was "Realistic acceptance" meaning that women kept the current situation without implementing new self-development type. Conclusion: There is a subjective structure within the types of expectations of middle-aged women for a life of happiness to the spouse.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of treadmill walking exercise on the BMD (Bone Mineral Density) and BMI (Body Mass Index) of middle-aged women in their forties. Method: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17 to July 25, 2004 with 29 middle-aged women in their forties, who were assigned to a walking exercise group (16) or a control group (13). The experimental group had not exercised regularly before participating in this program. The control group received no exercise treatment during the research period. The BMD and BMI were measured with peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impidence analysis, respectively. $X^2-test$ and Mann-Whitney U test with the SPSS version 11.0 program were used to analyze the data. Result: Treadmill walking exercise was effective for middle-aged women in increasing BMD and decreasing BMI. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a need to develop walking exercise protocols for middle-aged women to help them achieve a healthy life.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• 제42권7호
• /
• pp.145-164
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand how late middle-aged women in our society view and adapt to “aging”. This is a crucial step forward linking two stages, the growing young age and the declining old age, which eventually improves the qualify of life in old a9e. This qualitative study used Personal narratives extracted from tape-recorded interviews of 20 late middle-aged women in their fifties and analyzed key experiences of late middle-aged women in their transition to old age. Participants were observed to perceive not only many limitations but also alternative potentialities. First, the major challenges due to the closing young era were ‘physical declines’, including health problems and wrinkles, and ‘leaving children’. Second, the potentialities to start a new era also could be found. Many participants found themselves to be generous enough to assist others in need. In addition, they looked to adapt to new challenges. It was likely that the many adversities that they had faced made them resilient. These results show that late middle-aged women were actively negotiating with themselves and their surroundings in order to overcome their losses, maintain their potentialities, and, in the process, acknowledge their impending old age for better preparation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• 제16권10호
• /
• pp.6618-6626
• /
• 2015

This study was designed to explore the factors affecting economic preparations for aging of middle-old aged women. Using fourth Korean retirement and income study panel data of National Pension Reacher Institute. The researcher explored the characteristics of preparation for the old age life who middle-old aged women and analyzed the factors affecting economic preparations for aging of middle-old aged women. The results were as follows. The the factors affecting economic preparations for aging of middle-old aged women were education level, subjective health status, a number of adolescent children(14-19), a number of adolescent children(20-39), public pension, financial asset and debt. On the basis of this results, suggestions for policy were offered.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study is to identify the factors that affect middle-aged workers' health promoting behaviors. Methods: 214 middle-aged workers participated in surveys, and the data were collected from August to September 2012 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with PASW 18.0 program. Results: It was found that among the factors, the degree of job stress (t=7.69, p<.001) and depression (t=6.23, p<.001) were significantly high for type D individuals, while non type D showed meaningful degree of self-related health status (t=-3.66, p<.001) and health promoting behaviors (t=-4.71, p<.001). The notable variable that affected the health promoting behaviors of the middle-aged workers was depression for both type D (${\beta}$=-.357, p= .029) and non type D (${\beta}$=-.325, p<.001) individuals, and this variable accounted for 24.1% and 18.2% respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that the middle-aged workers showed high degree of job stress and depression that influenced on their health promoting behaviors. Thus, they are recommended to receive health management programs that offer treatment through consulting considering their individual personalities.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.498-507
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to survey health requirements of middle-aged women and their families and to provide guidelines for developing nursing interventions by describing the process of family health maintenance experienced by middle-aged women and its conceptual system. Methods: To get saturated data, each of four researchers conducted two or three times of in-depth interview with eight middle-aged women aged between 40-64 years old and living in Seoul and Chuncheon from the 10th to the 30th of October 2004 and each interview was continued one or two hours. The Grounded theory adopted by Strauss & Corbin (1998) is a substantive theory that can explain the experiencing process of middle-aged women. Results: We found that the casual condition of family health maintaining by middle-aged women was 'confidence of health belief', and 'pouring by body moving' was found to be its phenomenon. A textual condition that might respond to the phenomenon was 'fatal roles acceptance', and intervening conditions that promote their family health were 'retracing' and 'gathering health information'. These intervening conditions impacted middle-aged women's confidence in family health and led them to take actions/interactions such as 'being a model of health', 'adapting to circumstances', 'do-it-myself', 'taking-care' 'harmonious mind' and 'the pursuit of cleanness'. These actions/interactions produced results such as 'being stronger', 'being unmanageable' and 'being fruitful'. Conclusions: Health confidence and practical health behaviors were observed in the process that the middle-aged female participants experienced unmanageable circumstances but they accepted their roles and responsibilities and recognized that they must be get stronger. The behaviors of health-together-with were divided into enthusiastic type, adaptation type and self-sacrificing type. Therefore middle-aged woman with the understanding of family health maintaining process as well as the theoretical system and practical principals needs to implement the intervention in acceptable level of family health process of preventing psychological and physical problems.