• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2009

Simulation method based on probability was developed to evaluate the durability of reinforced concrete structures about chloride attack. The effects of the probability parameters(surface chloride ion concentration, initial combined chloride ion concentration, the depth of cover thickness of concrete, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient), probability distribution function and it's variation were calculated using the Monte Carlo method and Fick's 2nd law. From the durability design method proposed in this study, the following results were obtained. 1) The effects of the distance from the coast and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient to the corrosion probability were quite high. 2) The effect of the variation of each parameters was relatively low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2011

In order to develop the indicators which evaluate the management effectiveness for the protected forest areas in Korea, candidate indicators were listed based on literature and experts interviews, then questionnaire survey on the experts were conducted. 5 elements of context, planning, input, process, output and outcome and 32 indicators were selected. Context element includes 6 indicators of 1) documentation and assessment of values; 2) documentation and assessment of threats, 3) influence of government policy, 4) related regulations, 5) community cooperation and 6) the structure of management organization. 6 indicators of Planning element were 1) the management objective, 2) protected area design, 3) protected area size and number, 4) representation, 5) standards and categories and 6) management planning. Input element of 3 indicators were 1) management staff, 2) funding, 3) establishment and application of information. Process element were consisted of 1) governance, 2) management guidelines, 3) human resource management, 4) law enforcement, 5) eco-management, 6) disaster management, 7) education program and 8) research and monitoring. The element of outputs and outcomes were 1) accomplishment of plan, 2) accomplishment of program, 3) private land management, 4) threats change, 5) biodiversity change, 6) ecosystem health and vitality, 7) impact on community, 8) international management level and 9) visitors' satisfaction and variation in civil compliant. It is recommended to have further research on evaluation methods development by applying those above developed indicators for the protected forest areas to ensure the practicality of the indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.112-122
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• 2009

Payment of Forest Landscape Service (PFLS) is based on the value of landscape conservation and is a positive forest policy inducing the owners of mountains to improve environmental service quality with economic incentives. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of PFLS and find out the elements related to PFLS such as associated statutes, target applications, eligible owner's requirements, and applicable environmental services. Research sites were selected in designated reserved forests by law and surveys were carried out with 28 professional forestry engineers and 10 owners of reserved forests located in Chungnam Province in November, 2008. As a result, the owners are willing to participate pilot-project of PFLS if they could have tax incentives. Preferred activities in their forestry are eco-tourism and carbon emission trading as PFLS business model. Although they expect low economic benefit from the PFLS, respondents answered introducing PFLS will give good opportunities for owners of a reserved forest to enhance willingness to manage their forestry properly for the landscape conservation. In this study, PFLS evaluation indicators and policy directions are established and recommends the strategies to cope with changing needs of forestry conservation by inducing the owners' active participation in the sustainable forest landscape management.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to analyze the awareness, necessity, and challenges of the Serious Disaster Punishment Act within the domestic construction industry, which is subject to the legislation implemented by the government. The research aimed to propose future improvement measures. According to the findings, safety officials consider securing more young and competent domestic skilled workers, as well as improving safety management standards and workers' safety awareness, to be the most crucial factors in preventing and reducing safety accidents. Furthermore, the primary improvement plan for the Serious Disaster Punishment Act involves clarifying ambiguous provisions in the current law. Government policy support is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of the Serious Disaster Punishment Act, and revisions should focus on preventive measures that contribute to the establishment of a safe working environment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 2020

Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Corporation (KISTEC) specifies that the safety inspection and precise safety diagnosis of concrete structures shall be conducted in accordance with the 'Special Law on Safety Management of Infrastructure'. The detailed safety inspection and precise safety diagnosis guidelines presented by KISTEC, however, gives only the grade of members and structures, and thus it is impossible to quantify remaining service life (RSL) of the structures and to quantitatively reflect the effect of differential settlements on the RSL. Therefore, this study aims to develop a RSL evaluation model considering the differential settlements. To this end, a simple equation was proposed based on the correlations between differential settlements and angular distortion, by which the angular distortion of structures was then reflected in nominal strengths of structural members. In addition, the effects of the differential settlements on the RSL of structures were analyzed in detail by using the safety diagnosis results of actual concrete structure.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2013

A series of wind tunnel tests were conducted on 7 super-tall buildings with various polygon cross-sections, including triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, dodecagon, and circular. The primary purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of increasing number of sides on aerodynamic characteristics for super-tall buildings. Wind tunnel tests were conducted under the turbulent boundary layers whose power-law exponent is 0.27. Fluctuating wind pressures from more than 200 pressure taps were recorded simultaneously, and time series of overturning moments were calculated considering tributary area of each pressure tap. The results show that the overturning moment coefficients and the spectral values decrease with increasing number of sides, and the largest mean and fluctuating overturning moments were found for the triangular super-tall building, and the largest spectral values were found for the square super-tall building. The analysis should be conducted more in detail, but currently it can be roughly said that there seems to be a little differences in the aerodynamic characteristics for the super-tall buildings whose number of sides is larger than 5 or 6.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of urban parks and its problems in a city in Gyeonggi-do where new towns and old towns are mixed. The study will also analyze and understand the unbalanced deployment of urban parks - rest areas and carbon absorbers of an entire city - between old towns and new towns, suggest improvement opportunities and examine and suggest plans to create and expand urban parks in old cities that lack urban parks. Findings showed that first, new towns were 1.2~1.6 higher than old towns in the number of parks, park area, and per capita park area, indicating that parks were unbalanced across towns. Second, as for a plan for improving the unbalanced deployment of urban parks, when the use area needs to be changed in an urban development project, it was suggested to donate 10% of the project site to the city to create it into a park and it was suggested to identify and proactively improve alternative park resources that can replace parks such as rivers and recreational sites. Third, regarding a plan for improving urban parks in old towns, it was suggested to secure urban parks by attracting various urban development projects to old town areas. The amendment of related laws was proposed to double required park area to $6m^2$ per household. Amendments were also suggested for one law and four guidelines to specifically define the location of urban parks as well.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is to research how New-Hanok R&D technologies of first stage are appearing and adapted to the New-Hanok style public buildings, especially in Daycare Center in Sunchang-gun, Korea. Unlike Hanok houses, public buildings which has special needs for the public and restricted by laws and regulations need not only new system of law incentives but also new components of New-Hnaok R&D technologies used only in Hanok house. Method: For this purpose, we checked the drawings for Daycare Center in Sunchang-gun. The drawings have been changed 6 times for the purpose of adopting New-Hanok R&D technologies of first stage and actual needs for current laws and regulations for public buildings and it reveals not only the possibilities for adapting new technologies in New-Hanok but also meetings the current and public needs for public buildings. Result: The result of this study as follows. Approximately 40-50 percent of New-Hanok R&D technologies in the first stage are adapted in Daycare Center in Sunchang-gun, and this means there are limitations in adapting New-Hanok R&D which are mainly for the Korean style houses. The main reasons are the costs still remaining high and lacking in confidence for using traditional structures and materials still under verification. Some are changed and proposed in another solutions suitable for public buildings as like truss structure system in roof.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2009

In recent years, there's been strong demand for coastal structures that have a permeability that serves water affinity and disaster prevention from wave attack. The aim of this study is to examine the wave transformation, including wave run-up that propagates over the coastal structures with a steep slope. A numerical model based on the nonlinear shallow water equation, together with the unsteady nonlinear Darcy law for fluid motion in permeable underlayer and laboratory measurements was carried out in terms of the free surface elevations and fluid particle velocities for the cases of regular and irregular waves over 1:5 impermeable and permeable slopes. The numerical results were used to evaluate the application and limitations of the PBREAK numerical model. The numerical model could predict the cross-shore variation of the wave profile reasonably, but showed less accurate results in the breaking zone that the mass and momentum influx is exchanged the most. Except near the wave crest, the computed depth averaged velocities could represent the measured profile below the trough level fairly well.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.579-611
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• 2017

Bora is a strong, usually dry temporally and spatially transient wind that is common at the eastern Adriatic Coast and many other dynamically similar regions around the world. One of the Bora main characteristics is its gustiness, when wind velocities can reach up to five times the mean velocity. Bora often creates significant problems to traffic, structures and human life in general. In this study, Bora velocity and near-ground turbulence are studied using the results of three-level high-frequency Bora field measurements carried out on a meteorological tower near the city of Split, Croatia. These measurements are analyzed for a period from April 2010 until June 2011. This rather long period allows for making quite robust and reliable conclusions. The focus is on mean Bora velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress and turbulence length scale profiles, as well as on Bora velocity power spectra and thermal stratification. The results are compared with commonly used empirical laws and recommendations provided in the ESDU 85020 wind engineering standard to question its applicability to Bora. The obtained results report some interesting findings. In particular, the empirical power- and logarithmic laws proved to fit mean Bora velocity profiles well. With decreasing Bora velocity there is an increase in the power-law exponent and aerodynamic surface roughness length, and simultaneously a decrease in friction velocity. This indicates an urban-like velocity profile for smaller wind velocities and a rural-like velocity profile for larger wind velocities. Bora proved to be near-neutral thermally stratified. Turbulence intensity and lateral component of turbulence length scales agree well with ESDU 85020 for this particular terrain type. Longitudinal and vertical turbulence length scales, Reynolds shear stress and velocity power spectra differ considerably from ESDU 85020. This may have significant implications on calculations of Bora wind loads on structures.