• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of eating behavior, physical status and tendency of eating disorder on the right eating habit. The subjects of this study were 324 middle school students and 340 high school students in Osan city GyeongGi province. The average of weight and height in the middle and high school students were 48.7kg, 160.0cm and 56.8kg, 164.8cm respectively. In PIBW values, 92.9% of middle school students and 99.1% of high school students were almost close to the average. The 28.5% of high school and 21.5% of middle school students were aware of themselves as overweight. The risk of eating disorders in high school students(16.4%) were higher than that in middle school students(4.9%). Moreover, the risk of eating disorders in girls high school students(19.3%) was significantly higher than those of middle school students(5.2%) (p<0.001). The thought of food problems were realized in 57.4% of in high school students and in 39.9% of in middle school students. The intake of food group frequency, middle school students ate more fruit than high school students(p<0.01). Boys ate more frequently soy beans (p<0.05) and algae(p<0.1) than girls in high school students. The meat intake was more frequent in high school students, but the eggs and milk were more in middle school students. The boys' intakes of fish and milk were more often than the girls' in high school students. Eating disorders and food intake frequency scores were closely correlated with weights(PIBW and the gap of ideal. weight with real weight). In conclusion, the education about realizing exact healthy body shape and how to modify behavior to prevent eating disorders should be planned since junior high school. Especially in high school girls, the variety food intake education would be needed. Proper recognition of the weight is required for good food intake and for prevent eating disorders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.943-951
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the effects of iron supplementation and nutrition education on the iron status and anemia of high school girls. The subjects resided in Ulsan city in Korea and were already diagnosed as having anemia or iron deficiency. Over a period of three months, one iron tablet (80 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate/day) was administered to the iron deficient subjects and two tablets (160 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate/day) were administered to the anemia subjects. The average height and weight of anemia subjects were 161.24 $\pm$ 4.50 cm and 50.87 $\pm$ 5.86 kg, respectively. The average BMI (kg/$m^2$ )was 19.58 $\pm$ 2.03 and the PIBW(percent ideal body weight) were 92.52 $\pm$ 9.84%. Except for vitamin A and vitamin C intakes, the intake levels of all other nutrients were below the RDA. Total calorie intakes of anemia subjects were 73.5% of RDA. The iron intakes of subjects from food were 69. 1% of RDA and the Ca intakes were 59.1% of RDA. The basal hemoglobin(Hb) concentration of anemia subjects averaged 10.77 $\pm$ 1.33 g/dl, and this increased significantly (p < 0.001) to 12.12 $\pm$ 1.08 g/dl, after iron supplementation. The basal ferritin, and transferrin saturations ｛TS (%)｝of anemia subjects were 12.51 $\pm$ 15.19 ng/$m\ell$ and 8.43 $\pm$ 7.56%, respectively, and these significantly increased to 20.59 $\pm$ 22.39 ng/$m\ell$ and 15.56 $\pm$ 12.87%, respectively. The level of total iron binding protein (TIBC) significantly decreased from the initial 486.80 $\pm$ 70.16 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl to 417.86 $\pm$ 67.73 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl (p < 0.001) after iron supplementation. For the iron deficiency subjects, the ferritin, iron and TS(%) levels were increased significantly (p < 0.001) and the TIBC levels were significantly (p <0.001) decreased after iron supplementation. Anemia symptoms such as 'Feeling blue (p<0.05)', 'Decreased ability to concentrate (p<0.001)' and 'Poor memory (p<0.05)' improved significantly after iron supplementation in the anemia subjects. The number of tablets administered was positively correlated with changes in serum hemoglobin (t=0.194, p< 0.01), serum ferritin (t=0.181, p<0.01), TS(%) (t=0.141, p<0.05), and hematocrit (t=0.254, p<0.01), and was negatively correlated with changes in TIBC (t=-0.143. p<0.05) and red cell distribution width (RDW, t=-0.140, p<0.05). In conclusion, daily iron supplementation was effective in improving the iron status and reducing symptoms of anemia in high school girls. (Korean J Nutrition 35 (9) : 943~951,2002)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4255-4261
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate radioimmunoimaging (RII) and in vivo distribution of mixed antibodies $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb in nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Single and mixed applications of the two radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were compared. Direct labeling of $^{99m}Tc$ was applied to radiolabel the EGFR and CD44 mAbs. The properties of the radiolabeled antibodies were then characterized. RII and assessment of the distribution of the antibodies in nude mice bearing lung adenocarcinoma xenografts were achieved by applying separate and combined doses of $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb. The labeling rates of $^{99m}Tc$ for EGFR-mAb and CD44-mAb were $91.5%{\pm}3.8%$ and $92.3%{\pm}4.1%$ respectively, with specific activities of 2.8 and $2.9MBq/{\mu}g$, respectively, and radiochemical purities (RCP) of 96.5% and 96.2%. The radioactivity uptake of the combined application of both radiolabeled antibodies was clearly higher than with a single application of either alone. The relative values of target-to-nontarget (T/NT) measured through the regional interest (ROI) technique were $5.59{\pm}0.42$ (mixed antibodies), $2.78{\pm}0.20$ ($^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb), and $2.28{\pm}0.16$ ($^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb) in the RII. The body distribution of the radiolabeled antibodies and their imaging results were basically identical. Application of the mixed antibodies with $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb can increase the radioactivity uptake of tumor tissue, leading to more ideal target-to-nontarget ratios, and therefore superior results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.469-472
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• 2010

Purpose: Aplasia Cutis Congenita (ACC) is a rare disease characterized by the focal defect of the skin at birth, frequently involving scalp, but it may affect any region of the body. There are no etiology known but some conditions such as intrauterine vascular ischemia, amniotic adherences and viral infections are associated. The ideal treatment for the ACC is not known. Superficial and relatively small sized defects (< $3{\times}5\;cm$) may heal spontaneously and large defects related with risks of infection and bleeding may require aggressive surgical treatment. Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ is a bilayer of an esterified hyaluronan scaffold beneath a silicone membrane. It has been used as a temporary dermal substitute to cover deep thickness skin defect and has physiological functions derive from the structural role in extracellular matrix and interaction with cell surface receptor. This material has been used for the wound bed pre-treatment for skin graft to follow and especially in uncooperative patient, like a newborn, this could be a efficient and aseptic way of promoting granulation without daily irritative wound care. For this reason, using Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ for the treatment of ACC was preferred in this paper. Methods: We report a case of a newborn with ACC of the vertex scalp and non-ossified partial skull defect. The large sized skin and skull defect ($6{\times}6\;cm$) was found with intact dura mater. No other complications such as bleeding or abnormal neurologic sign were accompanied. Escharectomy was performed and Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ was applied for the protection and the induction of acute wound healing for 3 months before the split-thickness skin graft. During the 3 months period, the dressing was renewed in aseptic technique for every 3 weeks. The skin graft was achieved on the healthy granulation bed. Results: The operative procedure was uneventful without necessity of blood transfusion. Postoperative physical examination revealed no additional abnormalities. Regular wound management was performed in out-patient clinic and the grafted skin was taken completely. No other problems developed during follow-up. Conclusion: Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ provides protective and favorable environment for wound healing. The combination of the use of Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ and the skin graft will be a good alternative for the ACC patients with relatively large defect on vertex.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of naringin, and chitosan in rabbits' corneas. Naringin, a glycone of naringenin, is a widely distributed bioflavonoid in the grapefruit and citrus peel, and it has already been reported as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. It has been used as a food preservatives and cosmetics. One of the natural preservatives, chitosan has also used in food preservatives, health drinks, and teas. Chitosan is distributed in the epithelium of crustacea, insects, and fungi. Naringin and chitosan have no harmful effects of cytotoxicity in the human body and they are recognized as an antibacterial for various forms of bacteria. The purpose of this study is to search for the ideal percentage of natural products to substitute the chemical preservatives occuring within the cornea and conjunctiva cytotoxicity and inflammations as wearing on soft contact lens. The present study compared the morphology of corneal epithelium and endothelium observed by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vivo methods, We investigated the effects of natural preservatives on soft contact lens. We inserted 3-4 drops of the naringin and chitosan, directly on rabbits' corneas 4 times per a day during one week. After enucleation of cornea, morphorgical damages of the epithelium and endothelium were observed by LM and TEM. In view of ultrastructure, chitosan caused siginficant damage on the epithelium and endothelium of cornea. The damage of cells was higher in chitosan treated cornea than 0.01, 0.1, and 1% of naringin. The 1% of naringin also expressed cell damage seriously. The results suggest that the most important thing is to use the reasonable percentage of preservatives for contact lens solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 1996

This is an explicit-Implicit, finite element analysis for linear as well as nonlinear hygrothermal stress problems. Additional features, such as moisture diffusion equation, crack element and virtual crack extension(VCE ) method for evaluating J-integral are implemented in this program. The Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics(LEFM) Theory is employed to estimate the crack driving force under the transient condition for and existing crack. Pores in materials are assumed to be saturated with moisture in the liquid form at the room temperature, which may vaporize as the temperature increases. The vaporization effects on the crack driving force are also studied. The Ideal gas equation is employed to estimate the thermodynamic pressure due to vaporization at each time step after solving basic nodal values. A set of field equations governing the time dependent response of porous media are derived from balance laws based on the mixture theory Darcy's law Is assumed for the fluid flow through the porous media. Perzyna's viscoplastic model incorporating the Von-Mises yield criterion are implemented. The Green-Naghdi stress rate is used for the invariant of stress tensor under superposed rigid body motion. Isotropic elements are used for the spatial discretization and an iterative scheme based on the full newton-Raphson method is used for solving the nonlinear governing equations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4125-4130
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• 2015

This paper presents the communication performance for the radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna in the wearable device measuring bio signal (temperature, blood pressure, pulse etc.) of human body. The operational frequency is 2.4 - 2.5 GHz, which covers Bluetooth communication bandwidth. The maximum gain of the antennas is 1.96 dBi. The proposed antenna is efficiently transmitting and receiving signal by generating two opposite beam directions using two RF switches (PIN diode). Also, we investigated how radiation pattern changes according to three angles ($30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$) of Top Loading. In this paper, we measured and compared the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and BER (Bit Error Rate) performances of the proposed antennas in the condition between an ideal environment of anechoic chamber and smart house existing practical electromagnetic interferences (Universal Software Radio Peripheral, USRP). Throughout the comparing the results of the measurement of two cases, we found that the SNR is degraded over 5dB in average and BER is increased over ten times in maximum, therefore, it is confirmed that the error rate of receiving signal is increased. The measured results of SNR and BER value in this paper able to expect the performance degrading by the interference from the electromagnetic devices.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.651-659
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• 2015

Currently, social demands for long span building structures are increasing due to architectural planning purposes and economic efficiency. As a result, lighter board-type voiding materials were suggested. With the use of board-type voiding materials, a slab is able to become light weight and convenient. This process efficiently eliminates concrete where it is not required; considerably diminishing dead weight while maintaining the flexural strength of the slab. The reduction in concrete also allows for overall cost reductions and design flexibility. Also it can be ease with fixing the voided material that is composed of one body form. Although board-type voiding materials are ideal, the top and bottom concrete plates lack integrity. Because of this, test results show horizontal cracking towards the tops and bottoms of the concrete columns, or webs, connecting the slabs. The key to correcting this problem is to increase the shear strength. In order to increase the shear strength of the structure, horizontal shear area must increase. R70(100)-D-F has the largest horizontal shear area as it also shows stronger strength. As a result, shear strength ($V_{nh}$) is dependent on the horizontal shear area (N). $V_{nh}={\alpha}{\times}0.16{\sqrt{f_{ck}}}{\frac{{\pi}D^2}{4}}{\times}N({\alpha}=1.8125)$. The web columns have a shear span to depth ratio (a/d) that is less than 2; which classifies it as a deep beam. In this case, however, the shear strength of the deep beams may be as much as 2 to 3 times greater than that predicated conventional equations developed for members of normal proportions. As a result, ${\alpha}$ is suggested as an extra coefficient in the equation for shear strength ($V_{nh}$).

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.26
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• pp.55-75
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• 2007

Sijo is the essence of Korean literature and the most ideal poetic form through which we can express our images gracefully in three lines. Hence it deserves special emphasis either in creative writing and appreciating it from elementary school to middle school. In this paper observes how Sijo is taught in the schools and suggests the direction of educating Sijo. There may be three kinds of Sijo performance, namely, recitation, reading, and singing. In this paper. it is claimed that the performance of Sijo in the twenty first century should be recitation. Sijo education may be effective when it focuses on a way of recitation in which, with natural and long breath, a piece of Sijo is recited at length. Nevertheless, it is not practiced as the way of recitation because of following two reasons. Firstly. the analysis on rhythm, which is on the base of its recitation, is extremely difficult. Secondly, the theoretical ways, which is obsolete and lacks vividness, are ineffective in education. By these reasons. 1 studied how to give a recitation following my preceding studies on rhythm and rhythmical reading of Sijo. As a result, this paper suggests a reading method as a solution to the problems. In fact, we Korean can discipline our mind and body through reciting Sijo to the rhythm which is transcendental to Korean and at the same time, Sijo education helps to enhance our pride as koreans in the process of studying Sijo.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 1996

Circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia is an important auxiliary means for cardiac surgery, especially useful in pediatric patients. However, its clinical safety, particularly with regard to the neurologic outcome after long duration of circulatory arrest, is still not established. This study is a review of the eight years'clinical experience of hypothermic circulatory arrest at the Seoul national University Children's Hospital. During an eight-year period from January 1986 through December 1993, a total of 589 consecutive cardiac operations were done using circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia. Among them, 434 consecutive patients, in whom the duration of arrest was 20 minutes or more, are the subject of this study. The duration of arrest ranged from 20 minutes to 82 minutes (mean = 38.7 minutes) under rectal temperature in the range from 12.5$^{\circ}C$ to 25.8$^{\circ}C$. Early neurologic abnormalities occurred in 47 patients : seizure attacks in 28 patients, motor paralyses with or w thout seizure in 12, blindness in 2, and no recovery of consciousness in 5 patients. The rate of incidence of early neurologic abnormalities was calculated at 15.7%. 25 patients showed late neuropsychologic sequelae, such as motor paralysis (9 patients), recurrent seizures (6), developmental delay (8), and definitely low intelligence (2). The rate of incidence of late neurologic sequelae was 8.5%, By statistical analysis, the following factors were identified as the risk factors for post-arrest neurologic abnormalities ; 1) long duration of circulatory arrest, 2) lower-than-ideal body weight, 3) preexisting neurological abnormalities, 4) associated non-cardiovascular congenital anouialies, and 5) low blood pressure during the early post-arrest period. It is concluded that circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia is a relatively safe means for pediatric cardiac surgery with acceptable risk. However, to warrant maximal safety, it is desirable to limit the duration of arrest to less th n 40 minutes. In addition, it is our contention that the early post-arrest period is a very critical period during which maintenance of adequate perfusion pressure in important for the neurologic outcome.