• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.6 s.71
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• pp.927-935
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of mechanical properties and surface topography of various nickel titanium wires after heat sterilization for recycling with quantitative method. The materials used were four kinds of nickel titanium orthodontic wires including a Korean product. Experimental specimens were treated with two kinds of heat sterilization methods ; dry heat ($180^{\circ}C$, 60min) and autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$, 15-20psi, 30min). Mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile test with Instron 4466 (load cell capacity:.1000 kg, cross head speed:5mm/min, grip distince:40mm in room temperature). Surface topography of various wires was compared with each other qualitatively by using scanning electron microscopy and quantitatively by using profilometer. The findings were analyzed statistically with student t-tests. The results were as follows; 1. Neither method of heat sterilization had any effects on tensile properties of the nickel-titanium wires used in this experiment. 2. Before heat sterilization, the surface smoothness was highest in Optimalloy, followed by Align and Sentalloy, with NiTi showing the lowest smoothness value. 3. In surface topography, Align and Optimalloy were not influenced by heat sterilization. NiTi, on the other hand, had increased roughness after dry heat sterilization and Sentalloy showed the same tendency after each of the two heat sterilization procedures.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.808-817
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• 2021

Objective : Cervical surgery in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and cerebral palsy (CP) is challenging owing to the complexities of the deformity. We assessed factors affecting postoperative complications and outcomes after CSM surgery in patients with CP. Methods : Thirty-five consecutive patients with CP and CSM who underwent cervical operations between January 2006 and January 2014 were matched to 35 non-cerebral palsy (NCP) control patients. Postoperative complications and radiologic outcomes were compared between the groups. In the CP group, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score; Oswestry neck disability index; modified Barthel index; and values for the grip and pinch, Box and Block, and Jebsen-Taylor hand function tests were obtained pre- and postoperatively and compared between those with and without postoperative complications. Results : Sixteen patients (16/35%) in the CP group and seven (7/35%) in the NCP group (p=0.021) had postoperative complications. Adjacent segment degeneration (p=0.021), postoperative motor weakness (p=0.037), and revisions (p=0.003) were significantly more frequent in the CP group than in the NCP group; however, instrument-related complications were not significantly higher in the CP group (7/35 vs. 5/35, p=0.280). The number of preoperative fixed cervical deformities were significantly higher in CP with postoperative complications (5/16 vs. 1/19, p=0.037). In the CP group, clinical outcomes were almost similar between those with and without postoperative complications. Conclusion : The occurrence of complications during the follow-up period was high in patients with CP. However, postoperative complications did not significantly affect clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective health status of joints, flexibility of joints, muscle strength and state of Joint exercise in elderly people living in the community. Method: The participants were 74 elderly people in a health program of the Gerontological Health Research Center at G University. The data were collected from March to July, 2003. The instrument for the study included items on general characteristics (5 items), subjective health status of joints (10 items), flexibility of Joints and strength of muscle (8 items), and state of joint exercise (7 items). Results: The score for subjective health status of joints was 3.70 (range 1-5). Knee and waist joints were in the worst state. Neck extension and flexion were $17.38{\pm}1.80$ and $.60{\pm}1.08(cm)$ respectively. Trunk extension and flexion were $68.24{\pm}4.47$ and $58.00{\pm}4.91(cm)$ respectively. Flexibility of the Rt./Lt. shoulder joints was $14.63{\pm}12.51/18.82{\pm}13.80(cm)$. Muscle strength of the Rt./Lt. leg was $30.47{\pm}19.68/29.67{\pm}21.22$ (sec.). Shoulder joints were more flexible for men and people in their sixties compared to women and people in their seventies. Hand grip was stronger for men compared to women. The score for state of joint exercise was 2.83(range 1-4). The state of handgrip correlated with the state of joint exercise [r=.423 (Rt.)/r=.273(Lt.)]. Conclusion: To prevent falls and disorders in neuromuscular function, it is important to develop systemic joint exercise programs for elderly people.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.553-560
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the quality of life of women over 10 years after menopause using data from 2014 to 2019 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were 6,330. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 25. As a result of the study, the factors affecting the health-related quality of life of women 10 years after menopause were age(F=30.625, p<.001), educational level(F=20.106, p<.001), perceived health status(F=187.925, p<.001, activity limitation(t=201.051, p<.001), arthritis(t=91.131, p<.001), osteoporosis(t=4.709, p=.030), hand grip strength(t=22.151, p<.001), perceived stress(F=32.775, p<.001), and depression(t=20.117, p<.001). The factors accounted for 35.1%(F=110.393, p<.001). In order to improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women, it is necessary to continuously evaluate and improve the factors affecting the quality of life from the early menopause.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2010

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has become a workhorse flap as a means of reconstructing surgical defects in the head and neck region. We have transferred 12 RFFFs with fasciocutaneous type on oral cavity defects in 12 patients after cancer resection and submucous fibrotic lesion ablation from 2005 to 2007 at Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University Hospital. We reviewed retrospectively patients' charts and followed up the patients. Clinical analysis on the cases with RFFFs focusing on flap morbidity, indications and available vessels was done. The results of study are follows: 1. RFFF could be applied for all kind of defects after resection of tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, denuded bone of palate, maxilla, and mandible. 2. All free flaps could be used for primary reconstruction. The survival rate of 12 RFFFs was 92%. Partial marginal loss of the flaps was shown as 3 cases among 12 cases. Large size-vessels like superior thyroid artery, facial artery, internal jugular vein were favorable for microvascular anastomosis. 3. Parenteral nutrition instead of nasal L-tube also can be favorable for postoperative a week for better healing of the flap if the patients couldn't be tolerable with nasal tubing. 4. Donor sites with thigh skin graft were repaired with wrist band for 2 weeks. The complications included scarring, abnormal sensation on hand, and reduced grip strength in few patients, but those didn't induce major side effects. 5. Most RFFFs were well healed even if mortality rate of cancer patients was shown as 50% (5/10 persons). The mortality of patients was not correlated with morbidity of the flaps. We could identify the usefulness of RFFF for restoration of oral function, esthetics if the flap design, tissue transfer indications, and well controlled operation are proceeded.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.263-272
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• 2018

This study examined the association of gait variability and physical fitness with frailty status in older women. In a cross-sectional design, 168 elderly women, aged 65 years and older (75.07±5.40 years), measured body composition, gait parameters gait variability, physical fitness variables, MMSE-DS and CES-D. Subjects were classified as robust, pre-frail, and frailty based on the Fried et al.(2001) criteria for frailty weight loss, exhaustion, low hand-grip strength, low gait speed, and physical inactivity. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of frailty status for having gait variability and physical fitness levels. Compared to the robust group (OR=1), the frailty group had significantly higher ORs of having terminal double limb stance (OR=1.48, 95% CI=0.10-2.21, p=.049), step cadence (OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.20-3.43, p=.009) variability, and significantly lower ORs of having upper-strength (OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.31-0.77, p=.002) even after adjusting for age, education, comorbidity, K-IADL, MMSE-KC and CES-D score. The finding of this study suggested that terminal double limb stance, step cadence and upper body muscular strength were independent predictors of frailty.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.218-227
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of balance taping therapy on improving knee pain and the obstacles to daily activity in rural elderly women. The research design was a quasi-experimental research using a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The data were collected from January 19th to April 14th, 2017. The research subjects included female elderly over 65 years old who visited 12 senior centers located at Y city in rural areas. The participants were composed of 26 people in the experimental group and 28 people in the control group. Data were collected before and 24 hours after balance taping therapy, and the pain and obstacles to daily activity were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the PASW Statistics 23 Program, which included a $X^2-test$, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Mann-Whitney U test. After the intervention, significant differences were observed in the knee pain (Z=-6.658, p<.001) and obstacles to daily activity (Z=-3.466, p=.001). With regard to lower domain variables of the obstacles to daily activity, significant differences in standing up (Z=-2.860, p=.004), daily activity (Z=-2.629, p=.009), walking (Z=-3.868, p<.001), and dressing up (Z=-2.049, p=.040) were observed between the two groups. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in grip (Z=-.542, p=.588) and arm stretching (Z=-.416, p=.678). In conclusion, applying balance taping to rural elderly women clearly decreases the level of knee pain, reduces the obstacles to daily activity, and improves their quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to suggest an appropriate treatment method by comparing nonsurgical treatment and surgical treatment for enchondroma in the hands and feet. Materials and Methods: Seventy four cases with enchondroma of the hands and feet from January 1996 to March 2017 were selected to evaluate the functional outcomes. Thirty cases were treated with nonsurgical treatment, and 44 cases were treated with surgical treatment, such as curettage only or curettage with a bone graft. The mean follow-up period was 18.1 months. The functional results were analyzed using the Wilhelm and Feldmeier formula. Results: The mean age was 38 years, and the age range was between eight and 69 years. According to the Wilhelm and Feldmeier formula, the mean score of hand enchondroma was 3.09±0.85 and 3.20±0.91 in the non-operative and operative group, respectively. The mean scores of the foot except for the grip strength were 2.57±0.79 and 2.75±0.50, respectively. No significant difference was observed according to the functional results. Among the 18 cases of enchondroma with pathological fractures, nine cases were treated non-surgically and nine cases were treated by surgically. In all 18 cases, complete bone healing was observed at the final follow-up. Conclusion: Relatively satisfactory results were obtained in both surgical and nonsurgical treatment and there was no significant difference in functional outcomes. In cases of enchondroma in the hands and feet, nonsurgical treatment can also be a good treatment option.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1627-1642
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• 2021

This study aims to evaluate physical fitness according to the bone age of youth, and ultimately provide basic data for balanced development of youth through physical fitness standard indicators according to the bone age. A total of 730 youth aged 11 to 13 years in bone age and 11 to 13 years in chronological age were selected as subjects; and after taking X-ray films to calculate the bone age, they were evaluated by using the TW3 method. A total of 2 components in physique, which were stature and weight, were measured using a stadiometer(Hanebio, Korea, 2021) and Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019). A total of 7 components in physical fitness were measured as well, which included muscular strength (Hand Grip Strength), balance (Bass Stick Test), agility (Plate Tapping), power (Standing Long Jump), flexibility (Sit&Reach), muscular endurance (Sit-Up), and cardiovascular endurance (Shuttle Run). Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were conducted for data processing using the SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0), and it was considered significant at the level of p< .05. The results of this study may be summarized as follow. First, the result of comparing the bone age and the chronological age of 11 to 13 years old in physical fitness, males showed significant difference in muscular strength, power, muscular endurance, and cardiovasular endurance. In females, muscular strength, balance, agility, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular endurance showed significant difference. Second, physical fitness standard indicators were presented for each gender and age (11-13 years old) of youth according to the bone age; and based on this, physical fitness standard indicators, which are basic data for physical fitness evaluation according to the bone age of youth, were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2000

Purpose : Endoscopic carpal tunnel release technique was developed and has being used to decrease postoperative morbidity and complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and clinical usefulness of endoscopic carpal tunnel release using single portal technique. Methods and Materials : 18 carpal tunnel syndrome patients who were diagnosed by means of clinical symptoms, physical examination, and electrodiagnostic study had endoscopic carpal tunnel release using single portal technique with about 1 cm oblique wrist incision on 30 hands. And then they were followed-up and reviewed in the same way. Late results of operation were analysed by grading system according to patient's own assessments of relief of symptoms at the final fellow-up. The follow-up period ranged 6 to 13 months from surgery. Results : There were postoperative improvements with respect to clinical symptoms, physical examination, and electrodiagnostic study. 23 of 30 hands$(76.7\%)$ had complete resolution of symptoms. 27 hands$(90\%)$ were able to return to normal activities and work within 6 weeks, and 30 hands$(100\%)$ returned within 8 weeks. In grip strength study, 29 hands$(96.6\%)$ regained preoperative strength in 6 months. 12 of 22 hands$(55\%)$ had improvement with respect to thenar atrophy within 6 months. Late results were as follows . 23 hands$(76.7\%)$ was graded as excellent, 6 hands$(20\%)$ graded as good and 1 hand$(3.3\%)$ graded as fair, and there was no poor result. Conclusion : We think that endoscopic carpal tunnel release with single portal technique is technically safe and simple, if the surgeon takes step to stay within the safety zone based on local anatomy and selects an appropriate patient and that endoscopic carpal tunnel release does have advantages over open release. We agree that the surgeon must be prepared to perform an open technique, if technical difficulties arise, difficulty in introducing the device into the carpal tunnel is encountered, or the transverse fibers of the transverse carpal ligaments are not clearly seen.