• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

The sanitary quality of a shellfish-growing area in Kamak Bay, Korea, was assessed through a bacteriological examination of seawater and oysters from January 2004 to December 2006. From seawater samples collected at 28 stations, the range of geometric mean (GM) and the estimated 90th percentile for most-probable-number (MPN) values of fecal coliforms were <1.8-2.4 MPN/100 mL and 1.8-6.0 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The observed fecal coliform GM and the estimated 90th percentile did not exceed the fecal coliform water quality standards of 14 MPN/100 mL and 43 MPN/100 mL. Therefore, the bacteriological quality of seawater at this shellfish-growing area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) criteria for a growing area used for export. The range of the fecal coliform GM and the estimated 90th percentile MPN values of oyster samples were 19.2-160 MPN/100 g and 20.2-166.9 MPN/100 g, respectively, and the range of the viable cell count was 30-1900 CFU/g. Thus, the fecal coliform value for the oysters and the viable cell count were less than the current shellfish quality standards of 230 MPN/100 g and 50,000 CFU/g, respectively. The bacteriological quality of the oysters complied with the criteria for domestic use and export of shellfish.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

Bacteriological examination of a 12,700 ha area within Jaranman Saryangdo area, located in Jaran bay and Saryangdo island, was conducted with 35 fixed (designated areas and adjacent areas) seawater sampling stations between January 2006 and December 2008. According to results, the geometric mean range and the estimated 90th percentile range of fecal coliform counts in sea water samples collected in the designated area were <1.8-2.4 and <1.8-8.6 MPN/100mL, respectively. The estimated 90th percentile range of fecal coliform counts in sea water samples collected from 6 sampling stations in the adjacent areas were 6.1-34.6 MPN/100mL. Based on these results, bacteriological water quality of the designated areas in the Jaranman. Saryangdo area meet the NSSP (National Shellfish Sanitation Program) guidelines for approved area. The bacteriological sea water quality in Jaranman.Saryangdo area has been shown to be favorable at all investigated sampling stations except for July and August which coincided with heavy rainfall. In fact, the bacteriological water quality was not affected if rainfall was less than 30 mm rainfall. However, the degree of bacteriological contamination increased rapidly and the water quality exceeded approved NSSP guidelines set for rainfall above 60 mm.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.460-464
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• 2012

From 1998 to 2008, the bacteriological quality of seawater in Kamak Bay, Korea, was monitored. The total and fecal coliforms in seawater were monitored as bacterial indicators, and the level of fecal coliform contamination was used to evaluate seawater quality. In the southern shellfish growing area of Kamak Bay, the observed fecal coliform geometric mean (GM) and estimated 90th percentile did not exceed the quality standards for fecal coliforms in seawater in Korea and th USA (GM<14 MPN/100 mL, 90th percentile<43 MPN/100 mL). The GM and estimated 90th percentile of the fecal coliform levels in the adjacent northern area of Kamak Bay were higher than in the southern area. Stations near wastewater discharge sites and urban areas in the north had the lowest quality and did not meet the bacteriological seawater quality criteria. The high fecal coliform levels in the Seonso coastal region near wastewater discharges and northern urban areas declined significantly following dredging and operation of a sewage treatment plant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2015

BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES: The effects of malnutrition on growth of toddlers and preschoolers by socioeconomic status are not well known. This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary intake on growth outcomes in toddlers and preschoolers by household income level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population was a total of 1,687 children aged 1 to 5 years that participated in the KNHANES from 2009 to 2011. Growth of children was assessed by height for age (HFA) and weight for height (WFH). Children were classified into three groups according to children's HFA and WFH compared to the $10^{th}$ and $90^{th}$ percentiles of the 2007 Korean Children and Adolescent Growth Standard. Average monthly household income was divided into quartile groups. Dietary intake data were obtained by using the one day 24-hr recall method. Risks of inadequate intake of nutrients and unfavorable growth were estimated by using a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, region, and energy intake. RESULTS: The low HFA group (<$10^{th}$ percentile) had significantly lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and thiamin as compared with the high group (${\geq}90^{th}$ percentile). For WFH status, vitamin C intake was lower in the low group than in the high group. Household income level was related to WFH status but not HFA. Children from lower income households were more likely to have high WFH than those from higher income households (P for trend = 0.038). Household income status was also significantly related with risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients such as thiamin (P for trend = 0.032) and vitamin C (P for trend = 0.002), showing higher odds of inadequate intakes in children from lower income households. CONCLUSIONS: Children from lower income households were prone to be overweight and to have inadequate intakes of micronutrients such as thiamin and vitamin C. To reduce nutritional and health disparities, collective action in the public sector is required from early life.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.543-548
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• 2007

목 적 : 현재 우리나라에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 재태 연령에 따른 출생시 체중, 신장, 두위의 정상 신체 계측치의 기준은 Lubchenco 등에 의해 1960년대에 발표된 것으로 2000년대에 출생한 우리나라 미숙아들에게는 맞지 않는 부분이 많으리라 예상되어 이를 2000년도 이후로 출생한 본원의 미숙아들의 출생시 신체 계측 자료와 비교 분석해 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월부터 2006년 8월까지 본원에서 출생한 재태 연령 26주에서 35주까지의 미숙아 1,010명을 대상으로 하였으며 이들의 재태 연령에 따른 출생시 체중, 신장, 두위의 신체 계측치의 백분위수를 Lubchenco 등의 기준과 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에서 저자들이 측정한 재태 연령별 출생 체중은 90백분위수가 조사한 전체 재태 연령에 걸쳐 Lubchenco 기준보다 현저하게 작았으며 특히 30주 미만인 경우 Lubchenco 기준의 75백분위수 정도에 해당하였고 10백분위수는 전체 조사 재태 연령에서 Lubchenco 기준보다 크게 나타났다. 저자들이 측정한 재태 연령별 출생 신장과 두위는 90백분위수가 조사한 전체 재태 연령에 걸쳐 Lubchenco 기준보다 현저하게 작아서 Lubchenco 기준의 75백분위수 정도에 해당하였고 10백분위수는 전체 조사 재태 연령에서 Lubchenco 기준보다 크게 나타났다. 결 론 : 40년 전에 만들어진 Lubchenco 기준을 현재의 우리나라 미숙아들에게 적용하는 것은 무리가 있으며 이로 인해 자궁 내 발육 지연 또는 부당 경량아나 부당 중량아들이 과소평가될 위험이 있다. 이러한 과소평가로 인해 진단과 치료가 늦어져서 사망률과 유병율이 높아질 수 있음을 감안해 볼 때 저자들의 미숙아들의 신체 계측치 기준이 미숙아의 사망률과 유병율 감소에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2009

In Hansan Geojeman area, 2,050 ha of shellfish growing area has been designated as shellfish production area for export. The main shellfish species from the designated area is oysters. For the sanitary management of the designated area established in Hansan Geojeman area, bacteriological examination of sea water and shellfish at the sampling stations inside and outside of the designated area were performed from January 2006 to December 2008. The range of fecal coliform of 756 sea water samples at 21 stations located in the designated area were <1.8~>1,600 MPN/100mL. And the range of geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile of fecal coliform were 1.8~2.9 and 2.7~15.8 MPN/100mL, respectively. Sanitary conditions of the current designated area in Hansan Geojeman meets the required standards of the Fisheries Product Quality Control and National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) criteria for the approved area. Also, the sanitary status of the shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100g). And the human pathogen such as Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were not detected from the examined shellfish samples.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.350-358
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• 2015

이 연구는 패류가 다량으로 양식되고 있는 남해안 일부해역 해수의 세균학적 위생안전성을 평가하기 위하여 조사해역 내에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 판단되는 해수 14곳을 선정하여 2014년 3월부터 10월까지 총 6차례 조사를 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 해수는 수온이 평균 $21.2^{\circ}C$, 염분농도는 32.43‰, pH는 7.92, 용존산소는 7.83 mg/L으로 조사되어 우리나라 수질환경기준으로 볼 때 1등급으로 조사되었다. 전도도는 44,600 us/cm, 탁도는 1.93 NTU로 조사되었다. 남해안 일부 조사해역 해수의 위생학적 안전성을 조사한 결과 대장균군은 평균 < 1.8~790 MPN/100 mL, 90번째 값이 168.1 MPN/100 mL, 기하학적 평균이 12.8 MPN/100 mL으로 나타났고, 분변계대장균은 < 1.8~790 MPN/100 mL, 90번째 값이 50.5 MPN/100 mL, 기하학적 평균값이 6.5 MPN/100 mL로 조사되어 정착성 수산물 생산해역 위생관리기준 중 청정해역의 기하학적 평균 기준치인 14 MPN/100 mL를 넘지 않아 청정해역으로 나타났다. 그러나 5월과 7월에 43 MPN/100 mL를 초과하는 시료가 35.7%와 28.6%로 KSSP 기준치인 10%를 초과하여 계절에 따라서 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조사해역은 폐쇄성 내 만으로 적은 오염원에도 크게 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 계절에 따라서 철저한 해역의 관리가 요구되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2012

지속가능한 수자원 관리 시스템을 위한 수문 예측은 안정적인 장단기 용수 공급에 있어 중요한 과제이며, 이를 위해는 다양한 기후 정보를 이용한 시스템의 평가가 우선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 미국 플로리다 템파 지역의 연간 월 강우와 하천 유량 예측을 위해 본 시험지역에 운용되고 있는 유량 모의 시스템 (flow modeling system, FMS)을 소개하고, 관측된 강우 자료를 '최적 예측 강우 시나리오 (the best rainfall forecast)'로 가정하여 FMS의 기후 예측 정보에 대한 활용성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 기본적으로 FMS에 의해 예측된 월 강우량 앙상블의 중앙값이 관측 강우량을 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 강우 예측 모델 입력자료로 사용되는 초기 월 강우량은 2개월까지의 예측에 간섭하며 이 후 예측치는 동일한 범주로 수렴하여 관측자료로 부터 추정된 통계치에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 예측 모델이 최대 2개월간의 예측 효용성을 가짐을 의미한다. 월 강우량 앙상블을 이용하여 예측된 하천 유량 앙상블은 4-6개월까지의 예측 효용성을 보였다. 예측된 강우량 대신 실제 관측 월강우 시계열 자료를 유량 예측을 위한 강우 입력자료로 적용한 결과, 예측된 유량의 범주가 현저히 감소하였으며 예측의 불확실성이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 시험 지역에 대한 신뢰도 높은 강우 예측 자료의 확보가 기존의 수문 예측 시스템 개선에 기여할수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

A Sanitary survey in an Important shellfish-growing area of Biin Bay in Seocheon-gun Korea, was conducted to evaluate bay conditions and compliance with the bacteriological criteria for areas designated for the production of shellfish for export. Seawater samples were collected monthly at 55 sampling stations established in the survey area from January 2006 to December 2008. Bacteriological water quality did not change in response to a small rainfall (10.0 mm), but it increased abruptly in response to rainfall to 62.5 mm The most probable number (MPN) value for total coliforms and fecal coliforms in 1, 980 seawater samples ranged from <1.8 to >1, 600 MPN/100mL and from <1.8 to 330 MPN/100mL, respectively. The geometric mean and estimated $90^{th}$ percentile value for total coliforms ranged from 2.0 to 10.3 MPN/100mL and from 7.0 to 42.6 MPN/100mL respectively. The geometric mean and estimated percentile value for fecal coliforms ranged from 1.8 to 4.0 MPN/100mL and from 1.9 to 18.3 MPN/100mL, respectively. Accordingly, the bacteriological water quality of Biin Bay met the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) and Korea Shel1fish Sanitation Program(KSSP) criteria for areas designated for shellfish production for export in Korea.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2002

In order to reflect variability due to exposure factors as well as to assess uncertainty associated with cancer risk posed by airborne trace metals, a Monte Calro analysis has been made in this study. Input parameters for Monte Carlo analysis were developed or adjusted using body weight, lifetime, and exposure frequency of Koreans. Ambient distributions of toxic metals were founded to be lognormal distributions for most of them using goodness-of-fit tests. Thus, the 95% UCL and 95% LCL of carcinogenic metals were estimated by H-statistic method for lognormal distribution, respectively. The results of Monte Carlo analysis of 95% UCL showed that the 95th percentile risks for men and women were 1.2 and 1.1 times higher than an acceptable risk of 10$^{-5}$ , respectively. The probabilities which those risks exceed the acceptable risk were estimated to be 8% and 6%, respectively, while to be 95% and 94%, respectively on the basis of the minimum acceptable risk of 10$^{-6}$ , respectively. Approximately 90% of total cancer risk came from human carcinogens such as arsenic and hexavalent chromium. Therefore, it is necessary to properly manage both arsenic and hexavalent chromium emissions in the study area.