• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1209-1214
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• 2016

Background: Cigarette smoking constitutes a major threat to the health and wellbeing of teenagers. While smoking has been on decline in the developed countries, the reverse is the case in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the age of initiation, determinants and prevalence of cigarette smoking among teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 475 teenagers selected by multistage sampling. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in November, 2014. Results: Response rate was 84.6%. Mean age of the respondents was $16.4{\pm}1.65years$. Range and mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking were 7 to 17 years and $12.0{\pm}3.32years$ respectively. Teenagers who were above 15 years (OR:5.13, 95%CI: 0.87-30.26), males (OR:5.19, 95%CI: 1.57-17.18), married (OR:8.41, 95%CI: 1.04-63.35), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:4.31, 95%CI: 1.07-17.33), influenced by friends(OR:308.84, 95%CI:84.87-1123.81), and influenced by advertisements (OR:27.83, 95%CI: 3.92-197.64) were more likely to have initiated cigarette smoking. Furthermore, teenagers who were males (OR:12.77, 95%CI: 2.90-56.28), married (OR:19.24, 95%CI: 2.05-180.45), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:7.85, 95%CI: 2.37-26.01), influenced by friends(OR:28.56, 95%CI: 10.86-75.07), and influenced by advertisements (OR:5.95, 95%CI: 1.72-20.61) were more likely to be current cigarette smokers. In addition, 24.9% had initiated cigarette smoking while 14.7% were current smokers of cigarette. Conclusions: Mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was $12.0{\pm}3.32years$. Determinants of cigarette smoking were age, gender, marital status, educational background, friends and advertisements. Life time prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher than prevalence of current cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking reduction programs should take these factors into consideration.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

The government has proposed a development model for universities to strengthen the capacity of the College of Humanities as part of the university restructuring policy in line with the trend of the times, and encouraged each university to voluntarily induce the establishment of the humanities development plan through financial support under their own individual conditions. With the decline in the school-age population due to the declining fertility rate, the rapid change in the industrial structure has highlighted the decline in the employment rate of the students of the humanities. Therefore, the government is implementing university grading based on the results of the university structural reform evaluation, and pressing low-grade universities through reduction of capacity and reduction of support. In the course of this change, universities have designated the College of Humanities as the primary target of integration with other majors or and its disintegration. This study examines the direction of the government's attempt to change the humanities in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and suggests a precedent example during the reform of the humanities college. If the humanities college is integrated with practical studies such as management, design, IT, CT, and engineering, the strengths of the humanities can be highlighted. However, the results of this study suggest that many variables such as consideration of students' aptitudes and interests in the integration process of majors, autonomy in major selection, understanding between departments integrated, and demand for a single major before integration or disintegration should be considered. In addition, an example of a local private university shows that the hasty attempt to integrate or disintegrate the humanities can rather lead to various educational harms.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.673-684
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although adherence to a higher diet quality may help prevent cognitive decline in older adults, literature for this in a Korean population is limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Korean older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 806 community-dwelling people aged 60 yrs and over in Korea. Diet quality was assessed via the revised Recommended Food Score (RFS) and alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMDS). Cognitive function was measured using a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). Associations between diet quality indices and MMSE-KC score were assessed with a general linear model after adjusting for covariates. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between diet quality indices and the risk of MCI. RESULTS: The prevalence of MCI was 35.3%. There were no significant trends between MMSE-KC scores and RFS and aMDS after adjusting for age, gender, education, exercise, living status, social activity, and alcohol drinking. Among total subjects, RFS was inversely associated with the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.83). Among total subjects and men, aMDS was inversely related to the risk of MCI after adjusting for covariates (Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.89 for total subjects; Q5 vs. Q1; OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15-0.83 for men). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that high diet quality evaluated by RFS and aMDS is inversely associated with the risk of MCI. Thus, high quality diet may reduce or retard cognitive decline in the old population. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between diet quality and the risk of MCI in the elderly.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.157-176
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• 2019

최근 초고령화 사회, 저출산, 학령인구 감소, 정부의 학교 통폐합 권고 기준 확대 등의 이유로, 지속적으로 폐교가 늘어나고 있는 가운데, 폐교의 유휴시설과 부지를 활용하여 새로운 시설이나 공간으로 재탄생되는 사례가 나타나고 있다. 폐교 활용은 크게 도시재생과 같은 맥락에서 이해할 수 있으며, 이에 본 연구는 도시재생사업에서 쇠퇴지역을 평가하는 기준을 활용하여 폐교 발생 지역의 특징을 확인하고, 폐교 활용 유형을 종합적인 관점에서 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 결과를 통해 도출된 폐교 활용의 유형과 형태, 시사점을 기반으로 폐교 발생 지역의 특성을 확인하고, 이를 바탕으로 도서관의 폐교 활용을 제고하고자 하였으며, 향후 폐교 발생 지역을 유형화하여 폐교 발생 지역의 특징을 고려한 지역별 도서관의 폐교 활용 체계 및 모델이 필요함을 제언하였다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

The recent decline in the school-age population has led to a more conservative and conservative approach to the establishment of schools. In the judgment of school establishment, it is required to make a decision method that can make objective and comprehensive judgment of various situations rather than local analysis of a single school. In this changing situation, EduFine system and placement establishment system were introduced to comprehensively analyze the feasibility of student placement and school establishment. However, the EduFine system of the Ministry of Education has few users because it is difficult to use education and it is difficult for users to use. Based on the GIS, the placement establishment system was able to analyze the number of students and the status of apartment buildings in a comprehensive manner. But placement establishment system has been used mainly in support of investment assessment rather than research. Therefore, there is a need to increase the utilization of users by linking two systems or integrating them into one system. In this study, we want to derive the functions to improve the GIS - based layout establishment system through user analysis such as comparative analysis and survey of existing systems. In particular, the purpose of the study is to improve the function of system, to improve the students' placement ability and the school establishment work ability and to improve the user satisfaction.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

학령인구의 급격한 감소에 따른 학교의 소규모화가 가속화되고 있으며, 지역 및 학교 소멸에 대한 위기가 고조되고 있는 상황에서 소규모학교에서 미래교육 대응에 대한 필요성이 점점 증가하고 있다. 미래에는 유연한 교육과정, 디지털·인공지능 기반의 교실 수업 개선 등과 같은 교육과정을 통해서 학생들의 학교생활 만족도 향상, 창의성 및 인성 함양, 학업성취도 향상, 협력적 소통 역량 강화와 교사들의 교수학습 방법의 변화 등의 교육적 효과가 중요하다고 볼 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 학교공간혁신 등 학교시설을 미래지향적인 공간으로 변화시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 소규모 학교에서 미래형 교육체제가 무엇인지를 살펴보았고 학교공간 변화와 학교교육 상관관계, 스마트 환경 등 공간혁신의 교육적 효과와 지속가능성에 대한 인식을 중점적으로 분석하여 향후 소규모학교 공간혁신사업의 바람직한 추진 방향을 제시하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the status of sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome in the Korean elderly population over 65 years of age by applying the recently updated screening tool for diagnostic evaluation of sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome. Methods : Sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome (LS) were diagnosed and evaluated in 210 Korean elderly people over 65 years of age. There were 36 patients in the "sarcopenia group", 164 in the "locomotive syndrome group", and 10 in the "normal group". The collected data were analyzed using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results : The diagnostic evaluation of sarcopenia and LS showed the presence of sarcopenia in 9.05 % of males and 8.10% females among the Korean elderly population over 65 years of age. Prevalence of stage 1 locomotive syndrome (LS 1) was 95.24 %; stage 2, (LS 2) 36.19 %; and stage 3 (LS 3), 16.19 % among the study population. Both the sarcopenia diagnostic indicator and the LS evaluation indicators showed significant differences between the three groups. All the subjects in the sarcopenia group had LS; further, on comparison of the detailed composition ratio of each patient with LS, the prevalence of LS in the sarcopenia group was found to be: LS 1 41.67 %, LS 2 41.67 %, and LS 3 16.67 %, whereas in the LS group, it was found to be: LS 1 66.46 %, LS 2 16.46 %, and LS 3 17.07 %. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion : It was confirmed that sarcopenia is correlated with LS incidence. This suggests that the evaluation of motor LS can be used as a tool for the early diagnosis and prevention of sarcopenia in cases of functional decline due to aging in the elderly population.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2010

부산 대도시권 인구이동의 특성을 밝히기 위해, 본 연구에서는 이동 가구의 특성과 부산 대도시권 인구이동의 선택성을 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부산에서 유출되는 가구의 가구주는 25~34세 연령대의비율이 가장 높다. 비이동 가구에 비해 이동 가구는 가구주의 학력 수준이 높고, 1인 가구 비율이 높으며, 자가 거주비율이 낮다. 특히 부산에서 수도권으로 전출하는 가구에서는 이러한 경향이 더욱 강하다. 둘째, 연령과 학력에 따른 인구이동의 선택성이 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 부산은 모든 연령대에서 인구가 유출되는 가운데, 10대와 20대의 전출 초과규모가 크다. 비이동자에 비해 이동자는 고학력자 비율이 높으며, 특히 부산에서 수도권으로 전출하는 인구의 고학력자 비율이 높다. 부산의 4개 사례 고등학교를 대상으로 2008년 진학 현황을 살펴본 결과, 성적이 우수한 학생들은 대부분 서울로 진학하였다. 부산은 인구가 과도하게 유출되고 있는 양적 문제와 함께 두뇌유출이라는 질적 문제를 동시에 겪고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3455-3459
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• 2013

Background: Smoking and smokeless tobacco use are almost always initiated and established during adolescence. More than 80% of adult smokers begin smoking before 18 years of age. The main objective of the present study is to assess the feasibility of preventing adolescent tobacco use with the help of a specially designed tobacco control program. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey on tobacco use and related health effects was conducted using a structured questionnaire in 13 randomly selected schools in Kannur district of Kerala. These students were followed for a period of one academic year with multiple spaced interventions such as anti-tobacco awareness classes, formation of anti-tobacco task forces, inter-school competitions, supplying IEC (information, education and communication) materials and providing a handbook on tobacco control for school personnel. Final evaluation was at the end of one year. Results: There were 4,144 school children who participated in the first phase of the study. The prevalence of tobacco smoking and chewing habits were 9.85% and 2.24% respectively. Ninety-one percent had parental advice against tobacco use and only 3.79% expressed desire for future tobacco use. The final evaluation witnessed a sharp decline in the current tobacco use as 4.68%. We observed a statistically significant difference towards the future use of tobacco (p<0.001) and awareness about the ill effects of passive smoking (p<0.001) among boys and girls. Further a significantly increased knowledge was observed among boys compared to girls about tobacco and oral cancer (p=0.046). Conclusions: The comprehensive school based tobacco control project significantly reduced the tobacco use pattern in the target population. School tobacco projects incorporating frequent follow ups and multiple interventions appear more effective than projects with single intervention.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1998

일부농촌지역 노인들의 일상생활 동작능력(Activities of Daily Living : ADL)장애의 자연사와 ADL지하에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검토하기 이해 1993년 경상북도 경주시 강동면 13개리에 거주하고 있는 60세이상 재택고령자 621명의 사전조사된 자료를 기본으로 4년간의 추적조사를 시행하여 사망자 90과 조사불능군 56명을 제외한 475명을 대상자로 선정하였으며 목욕, 옷입기, 화장실이용, 일어서기, 식사하기, 실금의 일상생활 동작능력을 조사하였다. 2) 4년간의 추적조사에서는 고ADL의 82.1%가 고ADL을 유지하였고, 저ADL의 77.8%가 4년내에 사망하였다. 3) 4년간의 ADL항목별 가능군의 장애 발생율은 목욕이 가장 많았고, 실금, 옷입기, 화장실이용, 일어서기, 식사하기의 순서로 나타났으며, 제1회 조사시 고 ADL군의 6.7%(여자의 8.1%, 남자의 4.6%)에서 4년후 장애가 발생했다. 4) ADL저하에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위한 일반적 특성에 따른 ADL의 변화에서는 연령과 직업에 있어 유의한 차이를 보여 노화가 될수록, 현재 직업이 없는 노인일수록 ADL감소율이 높게 나타났고, 형태에 따른 ADL의 변화에서는 남자노인의 생활비 부담과 주관식 건강상태에서 유의한 차이를 보여 남자노인은 자녀가 배우자에 의존할수록, 주관적 건강상태에서는 건강하지 않다고 느낄수록 ADL저하율이 높았다.