• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to reclassify human errors and to develop hands-on tools to apply the new classification for preventing human error accidents in highway construction site. Background: The main cause of accidents in highway construction was reported as the carelessness of workers. However, such diagnosis could not help us operationally prevent accidents in real workplace. Method: The accidents in highway construction were reanalyzed and the causes of human error were reclassified in order to educate and improve the awareness of human error in highway construction. Field survey and interview with safety managers and workers were conducted to find the causal relationship between the actual accidents and the human errors. Results: The most frequently observed human errors in highway construction were classified into six categories such as mis-perception, distraction, memory fail, slip, cognition error and mis-judgment. In order to provide hands-on tools to increase the awareness of human error in construction field, the human error checklist and card sorting diary were developed. Especially, the card sorting diary was designed to increase the ability in human error inspection of safety manager at construction site. Moreover, posters were developed based on actual accident cases. Conclusion: We suggested that the improved awareness and analytical report on checklist, card sorting diary and posters for construction field could collectively prevent the accident. Application: The classification of human error, hands-on tools and posters can be directly applicable on highway construction site. This analytical and collective approach preventing human error-related accident could be extended to other construction workplaces.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.268-281
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out how the administrative paradigm of the times affected the public sector's fire. Method: For this purpose, we investigated the New Public Management (NPM). In addition, the reasons of fire accident of Boryeong thermal power plant were analyzed in the limited values of NMP. Result: In theoretical investigation, the 3 values (managerial accountability, efficiency, expertise) of NMP and evaluation criteria were drew out. In investigation on reasons of fire accident, the improvement of accountability and expertise was insufficient due to the emphasis of the efficiency based on the introduction to free market by neoliberalism in public sector. Conclusion: In conclusion, we confirmed that the values of NMP were limited to forcingly apply to the public sector. This study is expected to contribute basic research references to fire administration theory.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

This study analyzed the causes of flood accidents, such as isolation and lost footing accidents in Dorimcheon, to provide legal and institutional improvements. For cause analysis, Field Investigation, Stakeholder Interview, Report, manual, Law et al. Review, Analysis of water level change characteristics, automatic alarm issuance standard level analysis, and evacuation time according to river control were evaluated. Dorimcheon has the characteristics of a typical urban river, which is disadvantageous in terms of water control. In addition, the risk of flood accidents is high because the section where fatal accidents occur forms sharply curved channels. Tripping and isolation accidents occur in the floodplain watch and evacuation stage, which is the stage before the flood watch and warning is issued. Because floodplain evacuation is issued only when the water level rises to the floodplain, an immediate response according to the rainfall forecast is essential. Furthermore, considering that the rate of water level rise is up to 2.62 cm/min in Sillimgyo 3 and Gwanakdorimgyo, sufficient evacuation time is not secured after the floodplain watch is issued. Considering that fatal accidents occurred 0.46 m below the standard water level for the flood watch, complete control is very important, such as blocking the entry of rivers to prevent accidents. Based on these results, four improvement measures were suggested, and it is expected to contribute to the prevention of Tripping and Isolation Accidents occurring in rivers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2017

Recently the construction project is becoming large-sized, complicated, and modernize. This has increased the uncertainty of construction risk. Therefore, studies should be followed regarding scientifically identifying the risk factors, quantifying the frequency and severity of risk factors in order to develop a model that can quantitatively evaluate and manage the risk for response the increased risk in construction. To address the problem, this study analyze the probability distribution of risk causes, the probability of occurrence and frequency of the specific risk level through Monte Carlo simulation method based on the accident data caused at construction sites. In the end, this study derives quantitative analysis by analyzing the amount of risk and probability distributions of accident causes. The results of this study will be a basis for future quantitative risk management models and risk management research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-71
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• 1997

As passenger ship accidents so frequently have occurred, crisis consciousness is highly aroused in Korean society. Although bombastic policy guidlines were suggested in accordance with every passenger ship accident, there remains a still high possibility of such an accident reoccurring because passenger ship accidents occur from the perspective of non-compliance. The research objective of this study is to government's safety regulatory policies. Data for the analysis was collected from literature review. A Case study related to passenger ship accident is adopted for the analysis. The research methods utilized in this study consist of extensive quantitative analysis of 138 passenger ship accidents which had happened over last 10 years from 1984 to 1993 in Korea and a qualitative analysis of the passenger ship accident of the Seohae Ferry in October 1993. The results of the quantitive analysis on the 138 passenger ship accidents are as follows; Seeing the accidents yearly, the accidents which occurred by policy non-compliance are still exist, only somewhat reduced as years gone by. Seeing the accidents from the perspective of types of accident, fire accidents and death and injury accidents had more non-compliance factors than contact accidents and one-side collision accidents, etc. had. Seeing the accidents from the perspectives of types of passenger ship, large ships like car ferries and general passenger ship accidents had more non-compliance factors than any other kinds of ships had. Seeing the accidents from the perspectives of tons of passenger ships, large ships weighing more than 1, 000 tons and small ships weighing less than 50tons contained a lots of non-compliance factors. The results of the qualitative analysis of the passenger ship accident of the Seohae Ferry in Octovber 1993 are as follows; From the viewpoint of the human factor, there were non-compliance to the recruiting of required number of qualified crew members and non-compliance to the rule which prohibited them from leaving port in bad weather and high wave conditions. From the viewpoint of the ship factor, there were defects in the ship. So we might say that there was non-compliance which was aroused from the lacks of technical skills. From the viewpoint of the administrative factor, there were many non-compliance factors such as sailor education, shipping management, rescue, safety equipment. From the viewpoint of the passenger factor, there were passengers' threats which compelled the crews to leave the port under bad weather conditions. In conclusion, the principal non-compliances factors are passenger ship company did not follow safety rules such as shipping the permitted number of passengers, loading permitted tons of freight and fastening freights properly and recruiting required number of qualified crew. In order to reduce accidents, firstly we should find out the causes which play key roles in passenger ship companies' non-compliance to the government's safety regulations. Secondly we should tackle the causes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Leakage accidents in businesses dealing with hazardous chemicals can have a great impact on the workers inside the workplace, as well as residents outside the workplace. In fact, there were cases where hazardous chemicals leaked from many businesses. As a result, the Chemicals Control Act(CCA) was enacted in 2015, the Ministry of Environment introduced an Off-site Risk Assessment(ORA). The purpose of the ORA is to secure safety from the installation of the design of the workplace facilities so that chemical accidents of hazardous chemical handling facilities do not cause human or physical damage outside the workplace. In general, the ORA qualitatively determines where a protected facility is within the scope of the accident scenario. However, elderly who belong to the sensitive group is more sensitive than the general group under the same chemical accident effect, and the extent of the damage is serious. According to data from the Korea National Statistic Office, the number of elderly people is expected to increase steadily. Therefore, a quantitative risk analysis considering the elderly is necessary as a result of a chemical accident. In this study, accident scenarios for 14 locations were set up to perform emergency evacuation due to toxic gas leakage of Cl₂(Chlorine) and HF(Hydrogen Fluoride), and the effects of exposure were analyzed based on the evacuation velocity difference of age 20s and 60s. The ALOHA(Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) program was used to calculate the concentration for assessing the effects. The time of exposure to toxic gas was calculated based on the time it took for the evacuation to run from the start point to the desired point and a methodology was devised that could be applied to the risk calculation. As a result of the study, the relative risk of the elderly, the sensitive group, needs to be determined.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1283-1290
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• 2014

Recently, a wide variety of simulation techniques such as structure analysis and structure-fluid interaction analysis are being employed in the field of forensic engineering for resolving the problem of legal liability for accidents and disasters. In this study, we performed a forensic engineering investigation of a sinking accident of a DCM (deep cement mixing) vessel. The accident vessel was built as a dedicated SCP (sand compaction pile) vessel at the time of vessel building, and the DCM vessel was structurally modified, e.g., by increasing the leader height and constructing for leader expansion, without a stability review. To determine the effects of expansion and modification of structures in this sinking accident, structural stability evaluation was performed using commercial software for structural analysis, ADINA software. Through an analysis and comparison of simulation results obtained using ADINA software with the results of the structural modification and expansion, we could determine the exact cause of the sinking accident of the DCM vessel.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.123-128
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• 2021

As the spread of DC power distribution systems increases, the occurrence of failures and fire accidents are also increasing. In particular, the ESS fire accident, which is a component of the smart grid, and the fire accident of the solar power system, which is a direct current system, are caused by problems in the electrical connection between system components as the supply of new and renewable energy rapidly increases and old facilities increase. An arc that can cause a direct fire by releasing the induced light and heat has been pointed out as one of the causes of fire. Therefore, the problem of such an arc defect is that it is impossible to block an arc accident in advance with the existing overcurrent circuit breaker and earth leakage circuit breaker. In this paper, we intend to develop a test equipment that satisfies international standardization and to develop a DC arc generator to protect against failure and fire caused by arcing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2016

The key features of maritime accidents are the change of their attributes by new risks from time to time. To prevent maritime accidents in Korea, the impacts by new risks on domestic safety environments should be identified or predicted. The purpose of this paper is to find the hazard factors by new risks on maritime safety in Korea. The meaning of new risks is the elements of accident hazard which is compiled from new or rare or unprecedented events in the worldwide maritime transportations. The problems of new risks are the lacks of optimum countermeasures to mitigate accident risks. Using the questionnaires with 152 event scenarios classified by 20 accident causes, the hazard identification and risk analysis of new risks was performed based on the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) by IMO. A total of 22 Influence Diagrams, which is to depict the transit flows between accident causes to consequences, is used in the construction of 152 event scenarios. A total of 20 accidents causes is the same contents as the causation factors represented in Statistical Year Book for Maritime Accidents of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunals. After defining the evaluation equations to the response results of questionnaires by 46 experts, the work for risk analysis is carried out. As results from the analysis of 152 scenarios, it is known that the root cause to affect on maritime safety in Korea is the pressure of business competition and it led to the lacks of well experienced crews, the overload of vessel operations and crew's fatigue. In addition, as results from the analysis of 20 accident causes, the three accident causes are to be candidate as main issues in Korea such as the inadequate preparedness of departure, the neglecting of watch keeping in bridge and the inadequate management of ship operations. All of the results are thought to be as basic hazard factors to safety impediments. It is thus found that the optimum Risk Control Options to remove the hazard factors and to mitigate consequences required are the following two factors: business competition and crewing problems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.362-371
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• 1995

There is no national system to manage, evaluate, and analyse the information about accidents, even though it is necessary for accident prevention policies and health promotion of the general public. The existing studies are, also limited as they focus only on particular group(for example : inpatients, emergency room patients) or on particular geographic areas. Thus the results of the studies cannot be ap-plied to the general public. In order to overcome these limitations, this research focuses on data collection and analysis from accident information for the general population. By providing the analysis on types and causes af accidents, this research aims to produce the basic data necessary for accident prevention policy development. The specific aims of this research are to : 1. Analyse the actual occurrences and characteristics of accidents. 2. Suggest for the accident prevention policies and safety education. Accident report form three major newspaper printed in Korea between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1993 were collected, and the cause, place, time, and personal injury related to the accidents were classified and then analyzed by de-scriptive statistics. The results of this research conclude : 1. The number of accidents reported by the three newspapers were 2155. 2. The highest proportion of accidents were as follows ; occurred during the June-August(31.2%), Sunday(24.8%), and 5 p.m. (7.6%) of the day. 3. The highest proportion of the accident occurred in Seoul(33. l％), Kyunggi province(14.5%), Kangwon province (7.8％), and Kyungnam prov-ince(6.7%) were next highest. 4. The main causes include car accidents(32.4%), drowning(10.9%), falls(8.8%), explosion(7.1%), and poisoning(5.8%). 5. Slightly more than half of injuries(50.5%) and about two fifths of deaths(40.3%) were caused by car accidents. Therefore, the most serious type of accidents were car accidents. 6. The number of males in accidents were almost three times higher than that of females(males 72.3%, females : 27.7%). 7. The age group from 10 to 19 years old represents the highest proportion(21%) of accidents. 8. The number of the accidents in Korea, based on the information collected from the newspapers, is estimated to be 14, 367 per year. The number of in-juries is estimated to be 88, 480 persons, and the number of deaths 29, 007 respectively. It is said that ninety percent of accidents can be prevented. Several accidents prevention policies are suggested here. 1. Safety education should be done more actively throughtout life, with special emphasis on safety education for children. 2. Safety measures for children(halmets for cycling, children car seats, seats belts, and so on) should be emphasized. 3. An injury surveillance system should be initiated. The initiation of injury reporting system in each factory and school could contribute considerably to the reduction of accidents.