• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1996

야생 설치류인 청서 뇌의 줄무늬체에서 neuropeptide Y(NPY) 면역반응신경세포의 분포상태를 관찰하기 위하여 뇌를 4% paraformaldehyde로 관류고정한 전뇌를 $40{\mu}m$의 냉동연속관상절편으로 작성한 후 cresyl violet로 염색하여 전뇌의 각 부분을 구분하고 NPY항체에 대한 면역염색을 실시하였다. 줄무늬체는 속섬유막(internal capsule)보다 앞쪽에서는 꼬리핵(caudate nucleus)과 조가비핵(putamen)이 꼬리-조가 비핵(caudate-putamen)의 한부분으로 구성되어 있는 반면, 속섬유막이 관통하는 부분에서는 꼬리핵, 조가비핵 및 창백핵(globus pallidus)의 세부분으로 구분되었다. 줄무늬체의 NPY면역반응신경세포는 대부분이 중간크기($12-18{\mu}m$)의 세포였다. NPY세포체의 분포는 꼬리-조가비핵과 꼬리핵의 경우에 내측 및 배쪽부분에서 다수 존재하였으며, 조가비핵의 경우는 전체적으로 불규칙하였는데 그중 중심부분이 더욱 적은 수로 관찰되었다. NPY면역반응신경섬유의 밀집도는 전체적으로 낮았으나 반응신경세포체가 많은 부분에서 높은 밀집도를 보였다. 꼬리-조가비핵과 꼬리핵의 경우 내측과 배쪽부분에서 높은 밀집도를 나타내었고 조가비핵의 경우는 불규칙한 밀집도를 보였다. 창백핵에서는 매우 적은 수의 반응섬유들만 관찰되었다. 따라서 청서의 줄무늬체는 꼬리핵, 조가비핵 및 창백핵으로 구분되어 비교적 발달된 구조를 가졌으며, NPY함유 신경세포의 분포형태도 이질성을 나타내는 것으로 보아 줄무늬체의 신경환로가 복잡함을 암시하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2004

Extrinsic connections between the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the ventral striatum in pigtail macaque monkeys (Macacca nemestrina) were studied by injection of retrograde tracers into the ventromedial caudate nucleus, the ventral and central shells of the nucleus accumbens (NA), the dorsal core of the NA, and the ventrolateral putamen. In the present study, we demonstrate that the projections from the unimodal (area TAa, IPa, TEa, and TEm) and the multimodal (area TPO and PGa) sensory association areas in the STS mainly terminate in the ventromedial caudate nucleus as well as in the ventral and central shells of the NA. However, there are only few projections to the dorsal core of the NA and the ventrolateral putamen from the sensory association cortex in the STS. Based on these differential neural connections between the subterritories of the ventral striatum and the sensory association areas, the ventromedial caudate nucleus and the shells of NA appear to be major integration sites for sensory input from the STS and functionally different from the dorsal core of NA and the ventrolateral putamen.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1993

Using in vitro autoradiography with a digital autoradiography system and radioreceptor assay, the distribution and the binding characteristics of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChR) were studied in regions of rat brain. Radioreceptor assay revealed that mAChR could be measured with saturation binding assay in the brain and heart homogenates: No difference in Kd or Bmax of the brain or heart was found between the normal Wistar rats and SHR rats. Specific binding of $^3H$ quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) increased and saturation was reached by 2 hours after incubation with slide-mounted brain tissue. The distribution of mAChR was heterogeneous along the fields of brain. Affinity (Kd) of mAChR was not different significantly among cortex, hippocampus and caudate-putamen. No difference was found between normal rats and SHR strain. More receptors (Bmax) were found in the cortex and hippocampus than in the caudate-putamen in normal rats. More receptors were found in the cortex and caudate-putamen in SHR rats than in normal rats. Radioreceptor assay and digital autoradiographic analysis of affinity and number of mAChR gave the same results. With the above findings, we concluded that we could use digital autoradiographic system with $^3H$-QNB in the characterization of mAChR of rats and that the cortex and caudate-putamen of SHR strain rats have more receptors than those of normal rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1998

The roles of dopamine(DA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) system in the development and expression of morphine dependence were investigated by monitoring the concentrations of extracellular DA and its metabolites by in vivo microdialysis and simultaneous observation of behavioral changes in morphine dependent rats. Extracellular DA level in caudate putamen of morphine-dependent rat was decreased and the concentrations of its metabolites, dihydroxy phenylacetic acid(DOPAC) and homovanillic acid(HVA), were increased during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. DA contents were recovered to normal levels by pretreatment of MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, which may explain the mechanism of diminishing effect of MK-801 on withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent rats. MK-801(0.3 mg/tg, i.p.) induced the untoward hamful neurological signs such as ataxia and severe rotations, which may be produced by hyperactivation of dopaminergic system. These results suggest that MK-801 may inhibit the expression of mophine dependence by altering the dopamine release.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1996년도 한국생물과학협회 국제학술대회
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• pp.130.1-130
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 감성과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 fMRI 기법을 활용하여 제품과 공감각적 은유가 적용된 제품 디자인에 표현된 미각적 요소와의 적합성 수준이 제품에 대한 신경학적 반응과 제품평가에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 사전조사를 통해 미각적 요소와 제품 간의 적합성 정도에 따라 제품디자인을 두 그룹으로 나누었다. 총 40개의 제품디자인이 실험자극물로 사용되었다. 총 15명의 건강한 오른손잡이 대학생들이 실험에 참가하였다. 실험은 총 2세션으로 구성되어 있고, fMRI scanning session에서 참가자들은 제품디자인을 관찰하였고, post-scanning session에는 제품디자인에 대한 선호도와 구매의도를 측정하였다. 실험결과 적합성이 높은 제품디자인이 낮은 제품디자인보다 선호도, 구매의도 모두 높게 나타났다. 뇌 반응의 경우 긍정적 보상과 관련된 미상핵(Caudate nucleus)과 피각(putamen) 영역이 적합성이 높은 조건의 제품디자인에서 더 많이 활성화 되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2009

This study aimed to validate neuroprotective effect of Chungpaesagan-tang on the early stage of cerebral ischemic damage. Cerebral ischemic damage was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Water extract of Chungpaesagan-tang(8.7g/kg) was administered orally twice at 1 and 4 hours after the MCAO. Neurological score was tested at 3 and 24 hours after the MCAO and Chungpaesagan-tang administration. At 24 hours after the MCAO, infarct volume and edema ratio was evaluated with the TTC staining. Apoptotic cell death in cerebral cortex and caudate putamen was observed with cresyl violet staining and TUNEL labeling. Bax expression in the MCAO rat brain was stained with immunohistochemistry. Chungpaesagan-tang improved neurological and behavioral impairment of the MCAO rats and reduced infarct area, infarct volume and brain edema formation. Chungpaesagan-tang attenuated cell death percentage in cortex penumbra and reduced TUNEL positive cells in cortex penumbra and in caudate putamen of the MCAO rats. Chungpaesagan-tang reduced Bax positive neurons in caudate putamen and reduced c-Fos positive neurons in cortex penumbra of the MCAO rats. Chungpaesagan-tang intensified neuronal HSP72 expression in cortex penumbra of the MCAO rats. In results, Chunpaesagan-tang reduces infarct volume and edema formation through anti-apoptotic effect. This result suggests that Chunapaesagan-tang has an adequate neuroprotective effect on the early stage of cerebral ischemic damage.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of present study is to examine the effect of methanolic extract from the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. (BF) on acute cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat caudate putamen (CPu), a major dopaminergic terminal. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection with either cocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) or saline 30 min after an administration of either extract of BF (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle. Animals were sacrificed 2 hr after treatment with cocaine or saline for immunohistochemistry. Quantification of brain slices was examined for c-Fos positive nuclei using light microscopy. Results : Pretreatment with BF significantly attenuated cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat CPu. Conclusions : This finding suggests that BF has the inhibitory effect on cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat CPu via possibly modulating the activities of central dopaminergic systems.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2003

Corticostriatal connections of auditory areas within the rostral and caudal portions of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and in the supratemporal plane(STP) of pigtail macaque (Macacca nemestrina) were studied with particular emphasis on specific projections to the ventral striatum. Retrograde tracers were Injected into five different regions of the ventral striatum such as the ventromedial caudate nucleus, ventral shell, central shell, dorsal core of the nucleus accumbens (NA), and ventrolateral putamen to Identify the cells of origin. There were only few projections from the auditory areas in the STP to the ventral striatum. However, the association (or belt) areas of the STG collectively had widespread corticostriatal projections characterized by differential topographic distributions. The rostral parts of the STG strongly projected to the ventromedial caudate nucleus. The midportion of the STG also projected to the same ventral striatal regions, but the connections were relatively less extensive. Interestingly, the caudal portion of the STG had no connection to all subregions of the ventral striatum. These differential patterns of corticostriatal connectivity suggest that the ventromedial caudate nucleus would be a major auditory convergence area and mainly involved in sound recognition rather than spatial localization of sound sources.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2007

목적: 본 연구는 $^{123}I-FP-CIT$ SPECT을 사용하여 파킨슨증을 구성하는 각 질환군별 차이를 평가하는 것이었다 방법: 본태성진전(64.9$\pm$8.4세, 남:녀 =20:59), 알츠하이머병(69.2$\pm$10.0세, 남:녀=4.4), 파킨슨병(66.4$\pm$9.5세, 남:녀=45:82), 레이소체치매(74.6$\pm$8.4세, 남:녀 =1:8), 그리고 다계통위축증(59.7$\pm$6.7세, 남:녀 = 8:6)을 진단받은 환자 237명과 정상군 18명(60.4$\pm$10.2세, 남:녀=9:9)의 $^{123}I-FP-CIT$ SPECT 영상을 분석하였다. 도파민운반체의 표준뇌지도로 검사자의 영상을 공간정규화한 후, 관심영역을 이용하여 미상핵, 피각의 특이영역 계수와 후두엽의 비특이 영역계수를 측정하여 결합잠재능(binding potential; BP)를 계산하였다. 선조체의 특이영역 계수 및 BP는 미상핵과 피각의계수를 가중평균(weighted mean)하여 구하였다. 그리고 피각과 미상핵의 BP간 비(BP ratio of putamen to caudate;PCR)와 선조체, 미상핵, 그리고 피각의 좌우 비대칭 비(asymmetric index; ASI)를 구하였다. 경과 영상을 시행한 파킨슨병(59.3$\pm$11.2세, 남 녀 = 2:3)에서는 연간 BP 감소를 구하였다. 결과 정상군의 BP는 본태성진전이나 알츠하이머병과는 차이가 없었고, 파킨슨병, 다계통위축증, 그리고 레이소체치매보다는 유의하게 높은 값이었다(p<0.005). 정상군의 PCR은 파킨슨병보다는 통계적으로 높았고, ASI는 낮았다(p<0.005), 파킨슨병은 다경색위축증보다 유의하게 PCR값과 피각 및 선조체의 BP는 낮았으며, ASI는 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 본태성진전과 알츠하이머병 그리고 파킨슨병과 레이소체치매 간에는 모든 변수에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 도파민 운반체 방사성추적자인 $^{123}I-FP-CIT$와 SPECT 영상을 이용하여 파킨슨증에서 질환군에 따른 차이를 평가 할 수 있었다. $^{123}I-FP-CIT$ SPECT를 이용한 도파민 운반체 영상은 파킨슨증의 감별에 유용할 것이다.