• 제목/요약/키워드: The cKG equation

검색결과 111건 처리시간 0.024초

Developing Model Equation to Subdivide Threonine Requirements into Requirements for Growth and Maintenance in Pigs

  • Yang, C.J.;Lee, D.W.;Chung, I.B.;Kim, Y.H.;Shin, I.S.;Chae, B.J.;Kim, J.H.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.122-133
    • /
    • 1997
  • Purified diets containing 5 graded levels of threonine were fed to young, growing and finishing pigs to determine the threonine requirement for growth and maintenance. A model was developed to subdivide the threonine requirement for the maintenance from the requirement for growth. From this model, the threonine requirement for growth was 7.733, 10.968 and 11.235 g/kg live weight gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.118, 0.048 and 0.024 g per unit of metabolic body size at each stage of growth, respectively. In the young pigs, the threonine requirement for growth was 0.388 g/g N gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.122 g per unit of metabolic body size. The breakpoint of plasma threonine concentrations was 3.995, 7.933 and 7.738 g/d, respectively. Expected requirements obtained from these formulae were in general agreement with previous estimates. Based on the weight gain vs N gain equation, about 4.24% of the retained protein was comprised of threonine and compared to 3.81%, the mean threonine content of pig muscle CP.

Developing Model Equation to Subdivide Methionine + Cystine Requirements into Requirements for Growth and Maintenance in Pigs

  • Yang, C.J.;Lee, D.W.;Chung, I.B.;Cho, Y.M.;Shin, I.S.;Chae, B.J.;Kim, J.H.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.86-97
    • /
    • 1997
  • Purified diets containing 5 graded levels of methionine + cystine were fed to young, growing and finishing pigs to determine the methionine + cystine requirement for growth and maintenance. A model was developed to subdivide the methionine + cystine requirement for maintenance from requirement for growth. From this model, the methionine + cystine requirement for growth was 8.633, 10.260 and 9.293 g/kg live weight gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.049, 0.016 and 0.019 g per unit of metabolic body size at each stage of growth, respectively. In the young pigs, the methionine + cystine requirement for growth was 0.491 g/g N gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.059 g per unit of metabolic body size. The breakpoint of plasma methionine + cystine concentrations was 3.888, 6.935 and 8.116 g/d, respectively. Expected requirements obtained from these formulae were in general agreement with previous estimates. Based on the weight gain vs N gain equation, about 4.44% of the retained protein was comprised of methionine + cystine and compared to 3.31%, the mean methionine + cystine content of pig muscle CP.

Developing Model Equation to Subdivide Lysine Requirements into Requirements for Growth and Maintenance in Pigs

  • Yang, C.J.;Lee, D.W.;Chung, I.B.;Cho, Y.M.;Shin, I.S.;Chae, B.J.;Kim, J.H.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.54-63
    • /
    • 1997
  • Purified diets containing 5 graded levels of lysine were fed to young and growing pigs to determine the lysine requirement for growth and maintenance. A model was developed to subdivide the lysine requirement for the maintenance from requirement for growth. From this model, the lysine requirement for growth was 18.018 and 19.431 g/kg live weight gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.115 and 0.033 g per unit of metabolic body size at each stage of growth, respectively. In the young pigs, the lysine requirement for growth was 0.950 g/g N gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.114 g per unit of metabolic body size. The breakpoint of plasma lysine concentrations was 8.695 and 13.464 g/d, respectively. Expected requirements obtained from these formulae were in general agreement with previous estimates. Based on weight gain vs N gain equation, about 7.92% of the retained protein was comprised of lysine as compared to 7.11%, the mean lysine content of pig muscle CP.

마늘 착즙의 제조 및 비점 상승의 추정 (Manufacture of Garlic Juice and Prediction of its Boiling Point Rise)

  • 김병삼;박노현;박무현;한봉호;배태진
    • 한국식품과학회지
    • /
    • 제22권4호
    • /
    • pp.486-491
    • /
    • 1990
  • 마늘을 장기 저장하고 또 새로운 향신료로서 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 박피한 마늘을 전기 착즙기로 착즙한 다음 정제하여 마늘 착즙을 제조한 후 증발시켜 농축 마늘즙을 제조하였으며 그 일환으로 마늘 착즙의 성분 조성 및 비점 상승 추정에 대한 연구가 행해졌다. 마늘 착즙의 주성분은 수분 68.01%, 조단백질 6.50%, 탄수화물 25.39%였고, 착즙 수율은 박피한 통마늘 기준으로 49.50%(w/w)였으며 마늘 착즙의 밀도는 고형물 농도 $32{\sim}65^{\circ}Brix$에서 $1,107{\sim}1,243kg/m^3$였다. 마늘 착즙의 비점 상승은 농도의 증가에 따라 지수함수적으로 상승하였으며 고형물 농도 $32{\sim}65^{\circ}Brix$ 범위에서 $1.43{\sim}6.70^{\circ}C$ 정도 상승하였다. 고형물 농도와 증발기의 압력을 변수로 하는 비점 상승 추정식은 다음과 같았으며 측정치를 기준으로 한 오차는 7% 이내였다. $BPR=1.4105.\;P^{0.1338}.\;exp(0.0357.\;X_5-1.3925)$

  • PDF

고강도 경량 철근콘크리트보의 전단보강 효과 (Effects of Shear Reinforcements on the Reinforced High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Beams)

  • 신성우;이광수;안종문;최명신
    • 콘크리트학회지
    • /
    • 제11권1호
    • /
    • pp.89-97
    • /
    • 1999
  • 본 연구에서는 전단보강비율에 따른 고강도경량 철근콘크리트보의 전단거동을 규명하기 위하여 15개의 실험체를 제작하여 실험하였다. 실험변수는 전단스팬비(a/d=2.5, 3.5, 4.5)와 전단보강근비($0{\sim}1.0_{ACI}{\rho}_v$)이고 큰크리트의 압축강도 (439kg/$cm^2$)와 주철근비(0.02023)는 일정하게 하였다. 실험결과, ACI 규준식은 고강도경량 철근콘크리트보에서 큰크리트의 전단내력은 과소평가하는 반면 전단보강근의 전단내격은 과대평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 큰크리트의 전단강도($V_{cr}$)식에서 경량콘크리트에 대한 추가적인 전단강도저감계수 ${\lambda}$=0.85는 경량콘크리트의 고강도화에 따라서 다소 상향조정하여 사용할 필요가 있는 것으로 보인다. 또한, 전단보강근의 전단강도는 보통중량콘크리트보와 같이 전단보강비율에 직선적으로 비례하는 것이 아니라 그 제곱근에 비례하는 경향을 보였으며, 따라서 고강도경량 철근콘크리트보에서 전단보강근의 유효성(전단보강의 효과)은 보통중량콘크리트에 비해 떨어진다고 볼 수 있다.

곡물냉각기의 성능해석을 위한 시뮬레이션 (Simulation for Performance Analysis of a Grain Cooler)

  • 박진호;정종훈
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
    • /
    • 제26권5호
    • /
    • pp.449-460
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to develop a simulation model with EES(Engineering equation solver) for analyzing the performance of a grain cooler. In order to validate the developed simulation model, several main factors which have affected on the performance of the gain cooler were investigated through experiments. A simulation model was developed in the standard vapor compression cycle, and then this model was modified considering irreversibe factors so that the developed alternate model could predict the actual cycle of a grain cooler. The compressor efficiency in vapor compression cycle considering irreversibility much affected on the coefficient of performance(COP). The COP in the standard vapor compression cycle model was greatly as high as about 6.50, but the COP in an alternative model considering irreversibility was as low as about 3.27. As a result of comparison between the actual cycle and the vapor compression cycle considering irreversibility, the difference of pressure at compressor outlet(inlet) was a little by about 48kPa (8.8kPa), the temperatures of refrigerant at main parts of the grain cooler were similar. and the temperature of chilled air was about 8$\^{C}$ in both. The model considering irreversibility could predict performance of the grain cooler. The theoretical period required to chill grain of 1,383kg from the initial temperature 24$\^{C}$ to below 11$\^{C}$ was about 55 hours 30 minutes, and the actual period required in a grain bin was about 58 hours. The difference between the predicted and an actual period was about 2 hours 30 minutes. The cooling performance predicted by the developed model could well estimate the cooling period required to chill the grain.

  • PDF

수평원관 내 이산화탄소의 증발열전달 특성 연구 (A Study on the Characteristics of Evaporative Heat Transfer for Carbon Dioxide in a Horizontal Tube)

  • 조은석;윤석호;김민수
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
    • /
    • pp.104-107
    • /
    • 2000
  • Evaporative heat transfer characteristics of carbon dioxide has been investigated. Experiment has been carried out for seamless stainless steel tube with outer diameter of 9.55 mm and inner diameter of 7.75 mm. Direct heating method is used for supplying heat to the refrigerant was uniformly heated by electric current which was applied to the tube wall. The saturation temperature of refrigerant is calculated from the measured saturation pressure by using an equation of state. Inner wall temperature was calculated from measured outer wall temperature, accounting for heat generation in the tube and heat conduction through the tube wall. Mass Quality of refrigerant was calculated by considering energy balance in the preheater and the test section. Heat fluxes were set at 12, 16, 20, 23, and $27kW/m^2$, mass fluxes were controlled at 212, 318, 424, and $530 kg/m^2s$, and saturation temperature of refrigerant were adjusted at 0, 3.4, 6.7 and $10.5^{\circ}C$. From this study, heat transfer coefficients of carbon dioxide have been provided with respect to quality for several mass fluxes, heat fluxes. Finally, the experimental results in this study are compared with the correaltion by Gungor and Winterton(1987).

  • PDF

Numerical Investigation on detonation combustion waves of hydrogen-air mixture in pulse detonation combustor with blockage

  • Pinku Debnath;K.M. Pandey
    • Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
    • /
    • 제10권3호
    • /
    • pp.203-222
    • /
    • 2023
  • The detonation combustion is a supersonic combustion process follows on shock wave oscillations in detonation tube. In this paper numerical studies are carried out combined effect of blockage ratio and spacing of obstacle on detonation wave propagation of hydrogen-air mixture in pulse detonation combustor. The deflagration to detonation transition of stoichiometric (ϕ=1)fuel-air mixture in channel has been analyzed for effect of blockage ratio (BR)=0.39, 0.51, 0.59, 0.71 with spacing of 2D and 3D. The reactive Navier-Stokes equation is used to solve the detonation wave propagation mechanism in Ansys Fluent platform. The result shows that fully developed detonation wave initiation regime is observed near smaller vortex generator ratio of BR=0.39 inside the combustor. The turbulent rate of reaction has also a great significance role for shock wave structure. However, vortices of rapid detonation wave are appears near thin boundary layer of each obstacle. Finally, detonation combustor demonstrates the superiority of pressure gain combustor with turbulent rate of reaction of 0.6 kg mol/m3 -s inside the detonation tube with obstacle spacing of 12 cm, this blockage enhanced the turbulence intensity and propulsive thrust. The successful detonation wave propagation speed is achieved in shortest possible time of 0.031s with a significance magnitude of 2349 m/s, which is higher than Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) velocity of 1848 m/s. Furthermore, stronger propulsive thrust force of 36.82 N is generated in pulse time of 0.031s.

불균일계 액-액 접촉 계면을 통한 ester의 알카리 가수분해 반응 (Alkaline Hydrolysis of Esters across the Heterogeneous Liquid-Liquid Interface)

  • 박상욱;문진복;고명숙;김건우
    • 공업화학
    • /
    • 제3권1호
    • /
    • pp.119-129
    • /
    • 1992
  • Ethyl acetate와 n-butyl acetate의 $25^{\circ}C$에서 알카리 가수분해 반응을 개량된 Lewis cell에서 행하여 화학반응을 수반한 물질전달 속도를 측정하였다. 측정한 물질전달 속도는 교반조의 교반속도에 무관하였고 이온강도 증가에 따라 감소하였으나 화학반응촉진 계수는 일정하였다. 측정한 화학반응 촉진계수를 경막설로부터 얻은 용질의 확산방정식의 근사해로부터 해석하여 ester의 알카리 가수분해반응의 2차 비가역 반응속도 정수를 얻을 수 있었으며, 그 값은 ethyl acetate의 경우 $0.041m^3/kgmol{\cdot}s$, n-butyl acetate의 경우 $0.338m^3/kgmol{\cdot}s$이었다.

  • PDF

충주지역(忠州地域)의 신갈나무와 굴참나무 천연림(天然林) 생태계(生態系)의 지상부(地上部) 및 토양(土壤) 중(中) 탄소고정(炭素固定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Aboveground and Soil Carbon Storages in Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis Natural Forest Ecosystems in Chungju)

  • 박관수
    • 한국산림과학회지
    • /
    • 제88권1호
    • /
    • pp.93-100
    • /
    • 1999
  • 충청북도 충주지역에서 생육하는 평균수령 39년생 신갈나무림과 평균수령 40년생 굴참나무 천연림 생태계의 지상부와 토양중 탄소고정량을 조사하기 위하여 임분별 10주씩 총 20주의 표본목을 선정 벌목하고 토양시료를 채취하였다. 신갈나무림과 굴참나무림의 지상부 탄소고정량을 추정하기 위하여 방정식 모형 $Wt=aD^b$를 사용하여 추정한 지상부 총 탄소고정량은 신갈나무림에서 48.85tonC/ha와 굴참나무림에서 57.49tonC/ha으로 신갈나무림보다 굴참나무림에서 높은 탄소고정량을 보였다. 부위별 탄소함량 구성비는 신갈나무림과 굴참나무림 모두에서 수간목부, 생지부, 수피, 그리고 잎의 순으로 높았다. 연간 고정할 수 있는 탄소량은 신갈나무림이 5.88tonC/ha. 굴참나무림이 5.12tonC/ha으로 굴참나무림보다 신갈나무림에서 높게 나타났다. 토양내 탄소함량은 신갈나무림과 굴참나무림이 0-50cm의 깊이에서 비슷한 값인 67.0tonClha와 67.8tonC/ha이었으며 소나무군락 54.7tonC/ha보다 높게 나타났으나 통계적 유의성은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

  • PDF