• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.910-924
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• 2010

As Internet usage has increased, the risk of adolescents being exposed to adult content and harmful information on the Internet has also risen. To help prevent adolescents accessing this content, a novel detection method for adult images is proposed. The proposed method involves three steps. First, the Image Of Interest (IOI) is extracted from the image background. Second, the IOI is distinguished from the segmented image using a novel weighting mask, and it is determined to be acceptable or unacceptable. Finally, the features (color and texture) of the IOI or original image are compared to a critical value; if they exceed that value then the image is deemed to be an adult image. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to define this optimal critical value. And, the textural features are identified using a gray level co-occurrence matrix. The proposed method increased the precision level of detection by applying a novel weighting mask and a receiver operating characteristic curve. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, 2850 adult and non-adult images were used for experimentation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.7 s.209
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• pp.37-51
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of caregiving behaviors of adult children and the main factors influencing the caregiving behaviors of adult children. This research was based on a survey conducted with 620 adults, from 30 to 59 years old, living in the Seoul metropolitan area, with at least one living parent. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS/WIN including frequencies, t-test, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis. no results were as follows. First, the level of caregiving behaviors of adult children varied with background variables, such as birth ranking and job for the children-related variables, and age of mother, income level and type of living for the parents-related variables. Second, the level of caregiving behaviors of adult children varied with the degree of emotional solidarity between the adult children and their parents. Third, the caregiving behaviors were significantly different according to gender as gender played an important role in differentiating the motives for caregiving behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.7-9
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to prepare a systematic implementation of safety management for adult's foods through recommendations and guidelines for nutrition and hygiene standards for food quality certification system preferred by adults. To achieve this goal, the study studied the current status of adult preferred foods sold near the university, elicited the risks and problems of such foods, and selected nutritional and hygiene risk factors from those foods. To provide quality certification standards and guidelines for adult food preferences, this study looked at practical examples of relevant domestic and international policies and standards. The nutritional standards for food quality certification for sugars, fats, sodium, additive microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria, which are nutrients that can impair health when consumed in large quantities, and dietary standards limited to less than 100 kcal per serving were studied. One excessive amount of caffeine is reported to cause loss of calcium and potassium in the body, suggesting that if an adult is continuously exposed to high concentrations of caffeine, it could lead to imbalance in the resolution in the body and be flavored by growth and foot moon. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare an individual banner based on feasible food types, which is coordinated with the nutritional aspects that fit the purpose of presenting right amount, safe food through the quality certification system for adult's favorite foods and practical aspects that can induce companies' response and voluntary impacting efforts.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.437-445
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the equivalent and effective dose, and estimate radiation risk to the critical organs of head and neck region from the use of adult and child mode in panoramic radiography. The results were as follows. 1. The salivary glands showed the highest equivalent and effective dose in adult and child mode. the equivalent and effective dose in adult mode were 837μSv and 20.93μSv, those in child mode were 462μSv and 11.54μSv, respectively. 2. Total effective doses to the critical head and neck organs were estimated 34.21μSv in adult mode, 20.14μSv in child mode. From these datas, the probabilities of stochastic effect from adult and child mode were 2.50x10/sup -6/ and 1.47x10/sup -6/. 3. The other remainder showed the greatest risk of fatal cancer. The risk estimate were 4.5 and 2.7 fatal malignancies in adult and child mode from million panoramic examinations. The bone marrow and thyroid gland showed about 0.1 fatal cancer in adult and child mode from these examinations.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

Background: In recent events of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, computed tomography (CT) scans are being globally used as a complement to the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. It will be important to be aware of major organ dose levels, which are more relevant quantity to derive potential long-term adverse effect, for Korean pediatric and adult patients undergoing CT for COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We calculated organ dose conversion coefficients for Korean pediatric and adult CT patients directly from Korean pediatric and adult computational phantoms combined with Monte Carlo radiation transport techniques. We then estimated major organ doses delivered to the Korean child and adult patients undergoing CT for COVID-19 combining the dose conversion coefficients and the international survey data. We also compared our Korean dose conversion coefficients with those from Caucasian reference pediatric and adult phantoms. Results and Discussion: Based on the dose conversion coefficients we established in this study and the international survey data of COVID-19-related CT scans, we found that Korean 7-year-old child and adult males may receive about 4-32 mGy and 3-21 mGy of lung dose, respectively. We learned that the lung dose conversion coefficient for the Korean child phantom was up to 1.5-fold greater than that for the Korean adult phantom. We also found no substantial difference in dose conversion coefficients between Korean and Caucasian phantoms. Conclusion: We estimated radiation dose delivered to the Korean child and adult phantoms undergoing COVID-19-related CT examinations. The dose conversion coefficients derived for different CT scan types can be also used universally for other dosimetry studies concerning Korean CT scans. We also confirmed that the Caucasian-based CT organ dose calculation tools may be used for the Korean population with reasonable accuracy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1993

Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein complex composed primarily of phospholipid and lung specific apoproteins that reduces surface tension in the alveolus and maintains alveolar stability at low lung volume. Adult respiratory distress syndrome still carries a very high morbidity and mortality. The surfactant system is vital to the maintenance of proper lung function, any type of surfactant deficiency, whether primary or secondary, will contribute significantly to the development of pulmonary pathophysiology. Various mechanisms in adult respiratory distress syndrome may be responsible for such alterations in the surfactant system. Surfactant replacement is now an established treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, reducing both incidence of complications and mortality. With the current knowledge of surfactant physiology and the pathophysiology of the adult respiratory distress syndrome exogenous surfactant treatment or stimulation of endogenous surfactant synthesis and secretion will prove to be beneficial in preventing and treating the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The study of clinical surfactant therapy for adult respiratory distress syndrome is just beginnig and this can be viewed as an area with exciting potential. As soon as surfactant preparations become more widely available trials should begin to define the role of surfactant treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome as an adjunct to available treatment techniques.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.439-440
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• 2012

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.72-86
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• 2018

This study was designed to identify the adult attachment style among hospital nurses, and to examine its effect on nurses' job stress and organizational commitment. Self-administered survey questionnaires with structured instruments were developed, and a total of 281 responses from five small to medium-sized hospitals were used for statistical analyses with SPSS Windows version 24.0 program. Major findings of the study are three fold. First, among the four styles of adult attachment, found in 30.6% of survey respondents, stability style was the most popular, followed by fear style(28.5%), disregard style(24.2%), and devotion style(17.8%). Second, according to the general characteristics of study participants, adult attachment style showed a significant difference in age($x^2=23.29$, p=.025). Third, multiple regression analyses showed that hospital nurses with the fear style among other adult attachment styles had a significantly higher job stress compared to those with the stability style. The fear style also affected the nurses' organizational commitment level in a negative way, but the effect was only marginal. Results from this study suggest that customized program based on the nurses' adult attachment style should be developed to enhance their organizational commitment while reducing job stress in small to medium-sized hospitals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.603-614
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore whether reading picturebooks portraying children's play assists adult readers to recall their childhood play memories according to the narrative model of human development. In this study, adult readers recalled their play memories before and after reading a picturebook depicting children's play. Adult readers' responses to the picturebooks were also collected. The types of play from their memories were categorized and the responses were qualitatively analyzed through open coding. The results indicated that first, before reading picturebooks portraying children's play, the type of play that adult readers mostly recalled was games with rules which happened outdoor. Second, after reading a picturebook, adult readers recalled new play memories which contained more detailed elements of narratives. Third, most adult readers responded to picturebooks either emotionally or aesthetically. This study suggests the perspective on picturebooks as a literature and art genre for readers from birth to death. In addition, as an evocative object, a picturebooks could assist adult readers to recall and rediscover their childhood.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.529-534
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• 2012

An analysis of adult women's somatotypes classified by drop values can provide important preliminary data in determining standard clothing sizes for mass production of ready-made clothes. This is because the values are based on measurements of girth, which is essential information in the size-setting process. Adult women's body types are classified according to drop values in a standard clothing size system adopted by Korea and several other countries. This study aims to identify somatotype characteristics of adult women aged 20 to 69 by using five types of drop values: bust-waist, hip-waist, hip-bust, abdomen-waist, and hip-abdomen. Statistical cluster analysis of collected data revealed four somatotypes among adult women. Type R, with a developed lower body, accounted for 36.6%, and its bodyline was found to be closest to the average adult woman. Type X, constituting 25.4%, had the curviest contours of all and relatively large hip measurements, with the thinnest figure. Flat abdomen and hips characterized type Y, which accounted for 18.9%. Lastly, 19.0% fell into type H, the most obese figure, in which abdomen girth exceeded hip measurements. Since type H has excess fat deposits in the abdomen, not only hip measurements but also abdomen girth should be considered when designing top longer than torso-length and bottoms.