• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 2015

In this study, $CO_2$ reduction type quaternary component high fluidity concrete was produced with more than 80% reduction in cement quantity to increase the use of industrial byproducts and enhance construction performance, thereby reducing $CO_2$ emissions. Furthermore, the quality properties, and $CO_2$ reduction performance of this concrete were evaluated. As a result of the quality evaluation of quaternary component blended high fluidity concrete with $CO_2$ reduction, the target performance could be achieved with a 80% or more reduction of cement quantity by mixing a large amount of industrial byproducts. The required performance level was obtained even though the flow, dynamic, and durability characteristics decreased a little compared to conventional mix. In addition, to analyze the $CO_2$ reduction performance of quaternary component blended high fluidity concrete with $CO_2$ reduction, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the concrete was performed and the results showed that compared to the conventional mix, the carbon emissions decreased by 62.2% and the manufacturing cost by 24.5%.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.479-485
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• 2009

In this study, basic physical properties were measured for ASCO EQ85 cationic surfactant of triethanolamine-ester quaternary ammonium salt and effect of pH on softening performance on fabrics was investigated using zeta potential measurement and adsorption experiment by quartz crystal microbalance. The CMC of the surfactant was near $3{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$ and the surface tension at CMC was about 40 mN/m. The interfacial tension measurement between 1 wt% aqueous solution and n-dodecane measured by spinning drop tensiometer showed that interfacial tension slightly increased with an increase in pH but the equilibration time was not affected by pH. The surfactant adsorption was found to increase with an increase in surfactant concentration and was also affected by pH of surfactant solution. The friction factor for fabrics treated with ASCO EQ85 surfactant was shown to increase with pH and better softening effect was found under acidic conditions. Half-life for foams generated with ASCO EQ85 surfactant solution increased with pH, which indicated an increase in foam stability with pH.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2009

The main fault of Yangsan Fault Zone (YFZ) and Quaternary fault were found in a trench section with NW-SE direction at an entrance of the Sinheung village in the northern Eonyang, Ulsan, Korea. We interpreted the movement history of the southern part of the YFZ from the geometric and kinematic characteristics of basement rock's fault of the YFZ (Sinheung Fault) and Quaternary fault (Quaternary Sinheung Fault) investigated at the trench section. The trench outcrop consists mainly of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of Hayang Group and volcanic rocks of Yucheon Group which lie in fault contact and Quaternary deposits which unconformably overlie these basement rocks. This study suggests that the movement history of the southern part of the YFZ can be explained at least by two different strike-slip movements, named as D1 and D2 events, and then two different dip-slip movements, named as D3 and D4 events. (1) D1 event: a sinistral strike-slip movement which caused the bedding of sedimentary rocks to be high-angled toward the main fault of the YFZ. (2) D2 event: a dextral strike-slip movement slipped along the high-angled beddings as fault surfaces. The main characteristic structural elements are predominant sub-horizontal slickenlines and sub-vertical fault foliations which show a NNE trend. The event formed the main fault rocks of the YFZ. (3) D3 event: a conjugate reverse-slip movement slipped along fault surfaces which trend (E)NE and moderately dip (S)SE or (N)NW. The slickenlines, which plunge in the dip direction of fault surfaces, overprint the previous sub-horizontal slickenlines. The fault is characterized by S-C fabrics superimposed on the D2 fault gouges, fault surfaces showing ramp and flat geometry, asymmetric and drag folds and collapse structures accompanied with it. The event dispersed the orientation of the main fault surface of the YFZ. (4) D4 event: a Quaternary reverse-slip movement showing a displacement of several centimeters with S-C fabrics on the Quternary deposits. The D4 fault surfaces are developed along the extensions of the D3 fault surfaces of basement rocks, like the other Quaternary faults within the YFZ. This indicates that these faults were formed under the same compression of (N)NW-(S)SE direction.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.191-205
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• 2008

In order to use the geologic information data such as industrialization of rock resources, site enlargement and development planning, distributive ratios of rock types and geologic ages were obtained by the ArcGIS 9.2 program, and digital geologic and geographic maps of 1:250,000 scale, in the Chungbug, Chungnam and Daejeon areas, respectively. In the Chungbug area, 64 rock kinds are developed and their geologic ages can be classified into 8 large groups. In the geologic ages, the ratios are decreasing in the order of Jurassic, Precambrian, Age-unknown, Cretaceous, Quaternary, Cambro-Ordovician and Carboniferous-Triassic ages, all of which comprise most ratios of 98.48% in the area. In the rock types, the ratios show the decreasing order of Jurassic Daebo granite, Precambrian banded gneiss of Gyeonggi metamorphic complex, Cretaceous biotite granite, Quaternary alluvium, Great limestone group, Lower phyllite zone and Meta-sandy rock zone of age-unknown Ogcheon group, Triassic Cheongsan granite, Precambrian granitic gneiss of Gyeonggi gneiss complex, Pebble bearing phyllite zone of age-unknown Ogcheon group and biotite gneiss of Sobaegsan metamorphic complex, all of which comprise the prevailing ratio of 84.27% in the area. In the Chungnam area, 35 rock types are developed and their geologic ages can be classified into 6 large groups. In the geologic ages, the ratios are decreasing in the order of Precambrian, Jurassic and Quaternary ages, which occupy the prevailing ratio of 87.55% in the area. In the rock types, the ratios show the decreasing order of Jurassic Daebo granite, Precambrian banded gneiss of Gyeonggi metamorphic complex, Quaternary alluvium, Precambrian granite and granitic gneiss of Gyeonggi gneiss complex, Cretaceous acidic dykes, Lower phyllite zone and Pebble bearing phyllite zone of age-unknown Ogcheon group and Quaternary reclaimed land, which occupy the ratios of 74.28% in the area. In the Daejeon area, 11 rock types are developed and their geologic ages can be classified into 5 large groups. In the ages, the ratios are decreasing in the order of Jurassic, Age-unknown and Quaternary, which occupy most ratios of 93.40% in the area. In the rock types, the ratios show the decreasing order of Jurassic Daebo granite, Quaternary alluvium and Lower phyllite zone and Pebble bearing phyllite zone of age-unknown Ogcheon group, which occupy the prevailing ratios of 91.09% in the area.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.63-65
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• 2001

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.141-141
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• 2016

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29
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• pp.48-71
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• 1984

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2002

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.139-140
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• 2016

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.33
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• pp.3-21
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• 1988