• Title/Summary/Keyword: The Plants Factory

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Numerical Study on the Thermal Environment of a Natural Light Based Multi-layered Plant Factory (자연광 기반 적층형 식물공장의 열환경에 대한 수치해석 연구)

  • Park, Dong Yoon;Jang, Seong-Teak;Chang, Seong-Ju
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2013
  • Recent researches on plant factory system deal with the convergence of lighting technology, agricultural technology inclusive to the high-tech industries worldwide in order to respond to the decreasing crop harvest due to global warming and abnormal weather phenomena. However, the fundamental performance standard is not currently being introduced in the case of plants factory and its commercialization is not activated because of high initial investment and operating cost. Large portion of the initial investment and operating cost of a plant factory is ascribed to artificial light sources and thermal control facilities, therefore, innovation should be provided in order to improve the economics of the plant factory. As an alternative, new plant factory could harness solar thermal and geothermal systems for heating, cooling and ventilation. In this study, a natural light dependent multi-layer plant factory's thermal environment was analyzed with two-dimensional numerical methods to elicit efficient operation conditions for optimized internal physical environment. Depending on the supply air temperature and airflow rate introduced in the facility, the temperature changes around the crops was interpreted. Since the air supplied into the plant factory does not stay long enough, the ambient temperature predicted around the plating trays was not significantly different from that of the supplied air. However, the changes of airflow rate and air flow pattern could cause difference to the temperature around the planting trays. Increasing the amount of time of air staying around the planting trays could improve energy performance in case the thermal environment of a natural light based multi-layer plant factory is considered.

Sterilization Analysis of Harmful Microbes in LED Plant Factory using UV LED (UV LED를 이용한 LED식물공장 유해미생물 살균 분석)

  • Jang, Jun-Chul;Her, In-Sung;Lee, Se-Il;Yu, Young-Moon
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2014
  • Recently, LED (Light Emitting Diode) application research is studying by using a specific wavelength. LED plant factory produced a lot of green plants in a closed spaces, so it should be taken to guard against harmful microbes. Until today, a lot of studies for green plant production in plant factory is proceed but there were no study on harmful microbes in plant factory. Thus, the analysis on sterilization for harmful microbes in plant factory were experimented using UV (Ultra Violet) LED with 282nm of wavelength. As a results on sterilization of three harmful microbes, 50% of sterilization efficiency was achieved after 2.5 hours, 97% was achieved after 12 hours of UV LED irradiation, respectively.

Simulation of Planted Area Index (PAI) for Crop Spacing Methods in Plant Factory (식물공장내 작물의 간격조절방법에 대한 식재면적지표 시뮬레이션)

  • Kim, Joon-Yong;Yang, Seung-Hwan;Lee, Chun-Gu;Ashtiani, A.A.;Rhee, Joong-Yong
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.348-354
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    • 2011
  • Various crop spacing methods have been implemented so far for the greenhouse and plant factory applications. However, there is no generally accepted parameter for evaluation of plant spacing efficiency in plant production system. In this study, 'Planted Area Index' (PAI) of a spacing method is defined as the ratio of the planted area in the field to required planted area using the spacing method when no transplanting operation is assumed. Three common types of spacing methods for plane placement of the plants were modeled mathematically. For calculating the planted area, an optimal growth radius function (R(t)) is needed. Function of the days after transplanting stage gives a radius of an optimal circle area for the living plants. A computer simulation was developed to calculate the PAI, based on three crop spacing methods and four optimal growth radius functions. In general, the 1-D zigzag spacing showed the best PAI. Moreover, it gives an example on how to apply the PAI for the design.

Development of the Rotational Smart Lighting Control System Using Artificial Light for Plant Factory (식물공장을 위한 인공광 회전형 스마트 조명 제어시스템 개발)

  • Lee, Won-Sub;Kim, Sung-Gaun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.1474-1479
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    • 2012
  • Rotational smart lighting control system provides artificial light to plants on planting board by rotational lighting system. As the lighting system of existing plant factory has high cost problem due to the installation for many lighting equipments, the lighting system was developed to rotate less number of lighting equipments to reduce cost. In this paper, the illuminance, luminous flux and photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) that plants need to grow were calculated. And the light intensity at each measured location considering the rotational speed of blade were analyzed by the simulation and the experiment.

Hybrid Multi-layer Plant Production Systems using a Sunlight (태양광을 이용한 하이브리드 다개층 식물 생산 시스템)

  • Ryu, Bong-Jo;Kim, Youngshik;Yang, Yun-young;Kim, Sang-Hwal;Jung, Soon-Bae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2014.10a
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    • pp.175-176
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    • 2014
  • The paper deals with the development of the multi-layer plant production systems using a sunlight and LED. Nowadays most of plant production systems have been developed by plant factory using only LED. In case of plant factory using LED, however, the light quantity is not sufficient for various kinds of medicinal plants. In this paper, authors have tried to apply the both the luminous sources using a natural sunlight and an appropriate LED. During the daytime, a natural sunlight was applied using the Heliostat, while in the nighttime, LED was used. The proposed mixed plant production system was constructed under the various environmental conditions such as $CO_2$ distribution, temperature and humidity. Through the hybrid plant prodution systems, the growth of Ginseng plants were recorded and demonstrated by CCD camera and monitoring program.

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A Study on Green Roofing Applied Artificial Soil Containing Recycled Materials - Focused on the Effects on the Growth of Plants by Difference of Soil Mixture Ratio - (재활용재료를 포함한 옥상녹화용 인공토양의 성능평가 - 토양배합비가 자생식물 생육에 미치는 영향을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Kyung-Hoon;Koh, Jeung-Hyun;Kim, Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.119-130
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to analyze an availability of green roof soil based on the bottom ash soil and compost using sludge derived from food factory as comparing and analysing the growth of native plants. Analysing the physical properties and chemical resistance of 12 different type mixing soils which is mainly used in green roof, selected 4 types of soil, experiments were conducted to compare plant growth. The growth status of the plant showed the most superior of the soil 13(control), next soil 9(Pearlite : Bottom Ash : Compost = 20 : 60 : 20) and soil 10(Pearlite : Zeolite : Compost = 60 : 20 : 20) This result showed that native plants grow well in the soil based on the bottom ash and compost using sludge derived from food factory, and this soil type is determined that is available the green roof soil.

Effects of Nutrient Solution Application Methods and Rhizospheric Ventilation on Vegetative Growth of Young Moth Orchids without a Potting Medium in a Closed-Type Plant Factory

  • Min, Sang Yoon;Oh, Wook
    • Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.545-554
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    • 2020
  • Background and objective: Moth orchids in the vegetative stage are suitable for a multi-layer growing environment in a closed-type plant factory which can be a good alternative that can reduce production costs by reducing cultivation time and energy cost per plant. This study was conducted to find out the optimal rhizospheric environment for different irrigation methods without a potting medium and rhizospheric ventilation for the vegetative growth of young Phalaenopsis hybrid 'Blanc Rouge' (P. KV600 × P. Kang 1) and Phalaenopsis Queen Beer 'Mantefon' in a closed-type plant factory system. Methods: The one-month-old clonal micropropagules with bare roots rapped with a sponges were fixed on the holes of styrofoam plates above growth beds, and were watered using the ebb-and-flow (EBB) and aeroponic (AER) methods with Ichihashi solution (0.5 strength) once a day at 06:00 (P) or 18:00 (S), and both (PS). Rhizospheric ventilation (V) was also applied to change the temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration of the beds. Plants potted into sphagnum moss and watered once a week were used as the control group. Results: After 12 months of treatment, the growth characteristics of the EBB groups were the best among the treatment groups without a medium, but no effect of irrigation timing was observed. V reduced the temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration of the beds. Whereas, EBB+V (ebb-and-flow with ventilation) improved plant growth and reduced the occurrence of disorders and withering. Especially, EBB+V showed a similar performance to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the optimal irrigation method without a potting medium for producing middle-aged potted moth orchids was the EBB system with forced rhizospheric ventilation. Therefore, further studies on the optimal ventilation method and moisture control of the crown need to be carried out to develop the irrigation system without a potting medium for vertical farming in closed-type plant factories.

Theoretical Design for the Production of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in a Closed Plant Factory

  • Bae, Jong Hyang;Austin, Jirapa;Jeon, Yoon-A;Cha, Mi-Kyung;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.840-844
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    • 2016
  • Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain crop with high nutritional value. The leaves and sprouts of quinoa can also be consumed either raw or cooked, providing considerably nutritional value as well as high antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study was carried out to obtain basic data to assist in the practical design of a plant factory with artificial lighting for the cultivation of quinoa as a leafy vegetable. We estimated the energy content of the quinoa and the electrical energy required to produce this crop. The yield was 1,000 plants per day, with a planting density and light intensity of $0.015m^2$ ($15{\times}10cm$) and $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. The total number of plants, cultivation area, and electricity consumption were estimated to be 25,000, $375m^2$, and $93,750{\mu}mol{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. White fluorescent lamps were used at a power of 20.4 kW from 1,857 fluorescent lamps (FL, 55 W), and the cost for electricity was approximately 1,820 dollars (exchange rate of $1 = 1,200 won) per month. For a daily harvest of 1,000 plants per day in a closed plant factory, the estimated light installation cost, total installation cost, and total production cost would be 15,473, 46,421, and 55,704 dollars, respectively. The calculated production cost per plant, including labor costs, would be 27 cents for the 25-day cultivation period, with a marketable ratio of 80%. Considering the annual total expenses, income, and depreciation costs, the selling price per plant was estimated to be approximately 56 cents.

Effect of Artificial Light Sources on the Growth of Crisphead Lettuce in Plant Factory (식물공장에서 인공광원이 결구상추의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • 조영렬;한동욱;이용범
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of artificial light sources(high-pressure sodium lamp, metal halide lamp and fluorescent lamp) on growth of crisphead lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) in a plant factory. No significant differences in leaf fresh and dry weight were presented among them. Lettuce plants grown under fluorescent lamp showed the lowest growth. Considering the growth of lettuce and efficiency of lamps, it is worth using HPS(high-pressure sodium) lamp in plant factories. The leaves of lettuce plants grown under artificial light sources showed tipburn symptoms at 14th day after transplanting. The beginning of tipburn symptom have been seen on the ninth to tenth leaves from the cotyledons. It is estimated that the occurrence of tipburn was related to rapid growth and K uptake of the lettuce Plants. The Ca, Mg. Cu and Zn elements tended to be accumulated in the nutrient solutions but the T-N, P, Fe and Mn elements keep in balance in them.

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Analysis of Photosynthetic Photon Flux by Prototype of Rotational Lighting System for Plant Factory (식물공장을 위한 회전형 조명시스템 시제품의 광합성유효광양자속 분석)

  • Lee, Won-Sub;Kim, Sung-Gaun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.529-534
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    • 2013
  • Rotational lighting system for plant factory is the way to decrease high installation cost of the existing lighting system. A few of LEDs are used at the rotational lighting system in comparison with the existing lighting system to supply artificial lights to crops. At rotational lighting system, the manufacturing cost becomes very low by comparing with the existing lighting system. In this paper, the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) is investigated in order that plants may grow. And PPF is analyzed with the rotational speed of blade and LED output by using the rotational lighting system prototype and quantum sensor. It is confirmed that constant PPF value of $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{^-2}{\cdot}s^{^-1}$ is supplied with the blade rotation speed of 20rpm and LED output of IN 73%, CENTER 37% and OUT 50%. By comparing with the lighting system of existing plant factory, there is no difficulty to supply the light needed to grow plants by rotating a few of LEDs.