• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Recently, Housing area plan has tried to reflect a public space of various forms. However, most of cases are indiscriminately developments, which don't reflect the diverse needs of residents. In addition, a subject of the public space is not clear and consistently stable of the management, so the residents don't have an interest enough to take advantage of it. Method: In order to make a plan of the public space of a residential complex, an architect designer needs to take a few things into consideration. One is a physical facility in needs. And other one is a management of keeping a social place stably and consistently, which allows residents to be able to interact with each other. It should be regarded for residents to form a sense of belonging, while minimizing the interface friction. When all these problems are fulfilled, an interaction will be made to improve the quality of the living environment. Result: Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to define the meaning of territoriality of the external public space of housing complex. This study makes it possible to improve the relationship of neighborhood and the quality of the life for the residents, depending on the time. This is the first step as 'the research for the territoriality of the external public space of housing complex', in order to define about the concept, function, characteristic of territory(the base of territoriality) and to establish the territoriality that can form the physical or psychological boundary in public space.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.16
• /
• pp.139-174
• /
• 2013

Pliny the Elder said that multiple cultures agree that the painting began as a shadow trace. A daughter of Butades, the potter in Corinth, traced an outline around a man's shadow, and it was the very beginning of painting. In this anecdote, the profile, i. e. the portrait substitutes body of the absent lover. It makes the absent body present and replaces his place. In this context Hans Belting put the anthropological value to this visual practice. Human being made images to cope actively with the shock of death and the disappearing of body. With the aid of the representation of the bodily presence, the image struggles to resist the death. This paper is a study on the critical meaning of representation in the context of bodily survival by image. The representation is the paradoxical trick of consciousness, an ability to see something as 'there' and 'not there' at the same time. So the connection between image and the body would be suspicious. Although this relation was tight in the ancient shadow painting and the medieval effigies, the modern visual practice forsakes this connection and exposes the trick of representation. It insists that image was not real and even expels the medieval visual practice from the boundary of fine arts. The genealogy of the portraiture is formed by two different visual practices. The belief and the disbelief in the image are observed in the process of representation and anti-representation, and this ambivalence transforms the ontological meaning of portrait in the visual representation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.627-636
• /
• 2007

The present work is aimed at further discussing the effectiveness of dimensionless parameters recently proposed for the analysis of flow stability in heated channels with supercritical fluids. In this purpose, after presenting the main motivations for the introduction of these parameters in place of previously proposed ones, additional information on the theoretical bases and on the consequences of this development is provided. Stability maps, generated by an in-house program adapted from a previous application to boiling channels, are also shown for different combinations of the operating parameters. The maps are obtained as contour plots of an amplification parameter obtained from numerical discretization and subsequent linearization of governing equations; as such, they provide a quantitatively clear perspective of the effect of different boundary conditions on the stability of heated channels with supercritical fluids. In order to assess the validity of the assumptions at the basis of the in-house model, supporting calculations have been performed making use of the RELAP5/MOD3.3 computer code, detecting the values of the dimensionless parameters at the threshold for the occurrence of instability for a heated channel representative of SCWR proposed core configurations. The obtained results show reasonable agreement with the maps, supporting the applicability of the proposed scaling parameters for describing the dynamic behaviour of heated channels with supercritical fluids.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.949-966
• /
• 2016

The second order analysis taking place due to non-linear behavior of the structures under the mechanical and geometric factors through implementing exact and approximate methods is an indispensible issue in the analysis of such structures. Among the exact methods is the slope-deflection method that due to its simplicity and efficiency of its relationships has always been in consideration. By solving the differential equations of the modified slope-deflection method in which the effect of axial compressive force is considered, the stiffness matrix including trigonometric entries would be obtained. The complexity of computations with trigonometric functions causes replacement with their Maclaurin expansion. In most cases only the first two terms of this expansion are used but to obtain more accurate results, more elements are needed. In this paper, the effect of utilizing higher order terms of Maclaurin expansion on reducing the number of required elements and attaining more rapid convergence with less error is investigated for the Bernoulli beam with various boundary conditions. The results indicate that when using only one element along the beam length, utilizing higher order terms in Maclaurin expansion would reduce the relative error in determining the critical buckling load and kinematic parameters in the second order analysis.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.249-265
• /
• 2004

In the current digital age, most of the countries in the world recognize the electronic business to be a very prospective area in the future and plan to activate for the preoccupation of the business. As a result, this led a rapid increase of the electronic business volume. Electronic business takes place in the cyber space, using internet. However, the intellectual property rights have a high degree of possibility of being infringed as the digitalized intellectual property is easy to receive, copy and transmit in the cyber space. The language structure on the web, represented by HTML, makes easier to copy the intellectual property. And, as the internet has no national boundary, the infringement of the intellectual property rights is easier regardless of country, which could lead to the commercial disputes between the concerned countries. There are in fact many legal disputes nowadays on the infringement of the intellectual property rights in such field as computer programming, infringement of the copyright, business model patent and infringement of the trademark right on the registered name of the domain. It is, therefore, time now to prepare a new theory or legal system to protect the intellectual property rights on copyright, patent and trademark right so as to comply with the digital environment together with such a splendid growth of "electronic business." USA and Germany are nowadays making a significant movement on the legislation of the electronic business, and this study will focus on the legislative contents, judicial precedents and interpretation of law in the above countries.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2011

Residential space has come to maintain a degree of specialization dependent upon the division of space according to function, while roles and functions have either expanded or ceased to exist corresponding to shifts in social values. However, various human behaviors connected to lifestyle habits and values are in fact becoming obsolete. This research will examine the mental, social, and functional aspects of the relationship between residential work spaces in modern homes and the sarangche as well as the communal space of daily and social life of the Chosun Dynasty to enhance the value and function of traditional residential space. As the boundary between family and work blurs with the home office environment of today, we are experiencing a deterioration of health and seeing problems in securing family domain as well as the prolonging of overwork. While the function of the traditional sarangchae encompassed a wider variety of activities than today's homes, the sarangchae achieved an efficient use of space divisions between rooms according to the particular purpose and situation. Accordingly, a reinterpretation of modern residential work space is needed through its connection to the sarangchae with consideration to the philosophy and values of the life of the noble class and the habits of our traditional lifestyle that have previously taken place within the sarangchae in an exterior space.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 2015

Taking the mid-span/center-point of the structure as the reference point of capturing the maximum dynamic response is very customary in the available literature of the moving load problems. In this article, the absolute maximum dynamic response of an Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to a moving mass is widely investigated for various boundary conditions of the base beam. The response of the beam is obtained by utilizing a robust numerical method so-called OPSEM (Orthonormal Polynomial Series Expansion Method). It is underlined that the absolute maximum dynamic response of the beam does not necessarily take place at the mid-span of the beam and thus the conventional analysis needs modifications. Therefore, a comprehensive parametric survey of the base beam absolute maximum dynamic response is represented in which the contribution of the velocity and weight of the moving inertial objects are scrutinized and compared to the conventional version (maximum at mid-span).

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 1999

The HDDR characteristics of the Nd-Fe-B-type isotropic and anisotropic HDDR alloys were investigated using three types of alloys: alloy A $(Nd_{12.6}Fe_{81.4}B_6), alloy B (Nd_{12.6}Fe_{81.3}B_6Zr_{0.1}), and alloy C (Nd_{12.6}Fe_{68.8}Co_{11.5}B_6Ga_{1.0}Zr_{0.1}$). The alloy A is featured with the isotropic HDDR character, while alloy B and C are featured with the anisotropic HDDR character. Hydrogenation and disproportionation characteristics of the alloys were examined using DTA under hydrogen gas. Recombination characteristics of the alloys were examined by observing the coercivity variation as a function of recombination time. The present study revealed that the alloy C exhibits slightly higher hydrogenation and disproportionation temperatures compared to the alloy A and B. Recombination of the anisotropic alloy B and C takes place more rapidly with respect to the isotropic alloy A. The intrinsic coercivities of the recombined materials rapidly increased with increasing the recombination time and then showed a peak, after which the coercivities decreased gradually. The degraded coercivity was, however, recovered significantly on prolonged recombination treatment. Compared with the isotropic HDDR alloy A the anisotropic HDDR alloy B and C are notable for their greater recovery of coercivity. The significant recovery of coercivity was accounted for the in terms of the development of well-defined smooth grain boundary between the recombined grains on prolonged recombination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2005

In the present study, catalytic combustion of hydrogen-air premixture in a millimeter scale monolith coated with Pt catalyst was investigated. As the combustor size decreases, the heat loss increases in proportion with the inverse of the scale of combustion chamber and combustion efficiency decreases in a conventional type of combustor. Combustion reaction assisted by catalyst can reduce the heat loss by decreasing the reaction temperature at which catalytic conversion takes place. Another advantage of catalytic combustion is that ignition is not required. Platinum was coated by incipient wetness method on a millimeter scale monolith with cell size of $1{\times}1mm$. Using this monolith as the core of the reaction chamber, temperatures were recorded at various locations along the flow direction. Burnt gas was passed to a gas chromatography system to measure the hydrogen content after the reaction. The measurements were made at various volume flow rate of the fuel-air premixture. The gas chromatography results showed the reaction was complete at all the test conditions and the reacting species penetrated the laminar boundary layer at the honeycomb and made contact with the catalyst coated surface. At all the measuring locations, the record showed monotonous increase of temperature during the measurement duration. And the temperature profile showed that the peak temperature is reached at the point nearest to the gas inlet and decreasing temperature along the flow direction.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.379-393
• /
• 1997

Geology of the Zbezkazgan copper deposit in Kazhkstan is mainly composed of Permian and Carboniferous sedimenary rocks in which copper minerals are mainly contained in grey sandstone of Carboniferous age. There are 28 layers of copper ore bodies in Zbezkazgan suite. Thickness of the ore bodies ranges from one to 35 meters, grade of the crude ore ranges from 2 to 5 wt % Cu and the extension of the orebodies is 5 to 7 km. Microscopic study on specimens from the Zbezkazgan ore deposit has exposed clues to understand the origin of this deposit. Alternatively deposited grey sandstone and red sandstone are mainly composed of quartz and feldspar grains. A big difference between the grey sandstone and the red sandstone is in grain size, the former is larger than the latter. Chalcocites as main copper minerals have cemented through grain boundary. It is assumed that quartz, feldspar and copper were derived from granitoid in which copper mineralization had taken place before exposing to weathering. The chalcocites were precipitated by a sudden change of geochemical condition (Eh, pH, temperature, etc.) of fluid which had carried quartz, feldspars, copper ions and sulphate during formation of grey sandstones. The copper ions and sulphate were stable in fluid during sedimentation of oxidation environment, however, the copper ions were no more stable at the reduced environment and changed to stable forms to precipitate copper minerals by reaction of copper ions and hydrogen sulfides. This chemical precipitation of copper minerals in the sandstone attributes to the assumption of hydrothermal origin on this sedimentary origined deposit.