• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.280-288
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the operational characteristics of the contract-managed highschool foodservice and to analyze the factors to effect the menu price. The data was collected from 249 highschools in Seoul. The results are as follows; Those surveyed highschools were established as 1 national, 74 public, and 174 private institution. Highschools were classified as 176 academic, 66 vocational, and 7 specific purposed institution. Students were organized as 70 boys', 23 girls', and 41 coeducational highschools. Most highschool started contract-managed highschool foodservice from 1999 and the period of foodservice contract was most 3 years and the operation styles in food distribution were 96 classrooms, 105 dining halls and 17 classrooms combined dining halls. The scale of contract foodservice management companies was 63.1% small and medium and 36.9% large enterprises. The surveyed highschools had the average meal price 2,141 won per meal and they had 1,518 pupils on the register. The participating rate to the foodservice was 68.5%. The facilities investment cost of the contract foodservice management company was 179,204,230 won for private institutions and was 138,119,010 won for national&public institutions. The period of the contract was 3.22 years in private institutions, which was significantly higher than national&public institutions which showed 2.85 years. The commissary foodservice schools had higher facilities investment cost than conventional foodservice schools. Classrooms foodservice had higher participating foodservice rate than Dining halls. The investment cost for facilities showed high in order of girls', boys', and coeducational high schools, and the number on the register and the number participating in the foodservice showed high in order of boys', girls', and coeducational high schools. The number on the register showed the highest in academic and vocational schools, specific purposed institutions in sequence, and the number participating in the foodservice showed high in order of academic schools, specific purposed institutions and vocational. However, the participating foodservice rate showed high in specific purposed institution, academic and vocational schools in order, and the meal price, the investment cost for facilities showed high in specific purposed institution, academic and vocational schools in sequence. Regionally, the district south of Han river had the average meal price 2,266.13 won, which showed higher in the eastern part which had 2,033.33 won. The western part had the average investment cost for facilities of 233,331,060 won, and the central district 126,137,140 won. The number on the register showed 1845.68 in the eastern part and 1308.00 in Dong-Jak area, that had clear differences among areas. When the period of the contract went longer, the investment cost for facilities had a tendency to increase. The significant differences were existed among meal price, the investment cost for facilities, the number on the register, the number participating in the foodservice, and the participating foodservice rate. The investment cost for facilities had increased according to the number participating in the foodservice and the participating foodservice rate. And the large enterprises showed higher participating foodservice rate than the small and medium enterprises.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the articulation between the kindergarten and 1st grade in mathematics education. for this purpose, the problems of this study selected as follows ：(ⅰ) What is the mathematical concepts related between the kindergarten curriculum and the 1st grade curriculum\ulcorner (ⅱ) How is the mathematics classroom in the kindergarten and 1st grade\ulcorner (ⅲ) Which instructional materials are used in the kindergarten and the 1st grade\ulcorner (ⅳ) What is the new direction of articulation between the kindergarten and first grade in mathematics education\ulcorner The results of this study are as follows ： (ⅰ) According to examining each curriculum the focus is on understanding the basic concepts of number in the kindergarten, on the concepts of number, addition and subtraction in the 1st grade. (ⅱ) By being analyzed the mathematics classrooms of the kindergarten and the 1 st grade, it is different the focus of lessons or the teaching strategies. (ⅲ) As a result of analysing the teaching plans in the kindergarten and the survey in the first grade teachers, used instructional materials are manipulative ones. While mainly used materials are puzzles and blocks in kindergarten, a paduk stone, number cards, sankagi are used in 1st grade. (ⅳ) Finally, we propose the direction of articulation between the kindergarten and 1st grade in mathematics education.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to investigate the accomodations for the disabled children of the elementary schools in Suwon and to give helpful information to the parents and teachers for the improvement of the independence of disabled children at school. We measured the ramps, toilets, doorways and other accomodations in 64 elementary schools according to the checklists. The checklists of these facilities were based on the legal requirements of "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women". The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the ${\chi}^2$ test. None of the investigated schools satisfied all the legal requirements of the facilities. Fifteen elementary schools had adequate accomodations for the disabled children which allowed them to move independently from the entrance of the school to their classrooms located on the first floor. Only eight of fifteen schools had elevators to access their classrooms upstairs. The schools were divided into two groups according to their construction dates; before and after April 11th 1998, when "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women" took effect. There were statistically significant differences in the number of toilets, the width of the toilet entrance, and the slope of the ramps between the two groups (p<.05). We suggest that the accomodations for the disabled children need to be established on a systematic and on-going basis in the future. The teachers and administrators should be more aware of the legal requirements for appropriate accomodations for the disabled children.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.513-518
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• 2010

As the number of the deaf who go out into the society has been increasing, in most of the lectures, the demands for the sign language interpretation and the accuracy of the interpretation have become more important. Especially, in order to improve the accuracy of the sign language interpretation, the interpreter must be aware of the appearances of the lecturer and the contents of the lecture, and at the same time, the interpreter must look toward the audience. This research introduces a system which can be effective in a small classrooms or auditorium, by providing the maximum information about the lecturer and the contents of the lecture. Also, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, this research includes the discussions about the related systems and test methods. In conclusion, delivering the images of the lecturer and the contents of the lecture to the interpreter by employing the proposed system has been proved effective.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2015

In this study, we developed the PATROL teaching and learning model by using digital textbooks in Smart Classrooms to correct the disadvantages of Flipped Classrooms. PATROL is an acronym for Planning, Action, Tracking, Recommending, Ordering, and Leading. In the Planning phase, teachers should make a lesson plan. Next, students take Action by watching online contents and completing assignments in their digital textbook. After that, Tracking is needed to analyze the students' activities and the results. Then, Recommending is used to provide suggested instructional activities to teachers based on that analysis. Next, Ordering requires that students request new materials for class activities. Finally, Leading allows teachers to provide materials at the appropriate level to their students based on the students' learning activities. Applying the PATROL model at two elementary schools resulted in an increase in student-directed speech as well as an increase in the number of group and individual activities. Teachers also had more time to walk around the classroom.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.263-288
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• 2013

This study was conducted to provide practical ways to apply interview assessments in classrooms. Interview assessments have been asserted to serve as one of the alternatives to the traditional paper-and-pencil tests. In order to propose ways for teachers to actively use interview assessments for mathematics assessments, relevant instruments were developed by analyzing a number of related theories. These instruments were developed in two forms: interview assessments focused on identifying student characteristics and those focused on identifying thought processes. The interview assessments were applied in classroom settings and the results of this application were analyzed. The findings from this study are expected to suggest beneficial implications for teachers who are interested in practicing interview assessments in classrooms.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2005

To assess microbiological indoor air quality in schools, concentrations of viable airborne microorganisms were monitored at classrooms and corridors of 3 middle or high schools in Ulsan. Airborne microorganisms were sampled at various situations during a semester (class-hour, lunchtime, after school) and during a vacation with an impaction-type air sampler. During the semester, the number of bacteria was the highest at lunchtime in corridor with an average of $1,111\;MPN/m^{3}$ and lowest at class-hour in corridor with an average of $132\;MPN/m^{3}$. During the vacation, the bacterial concentrations at classrooms and corridors were only $5{\%}$ and $27{\%}$ of the values during class-hours of the semester, respectively. Among the colonies tested, $60{\%}$ were identified as relatively harmless Micrococcus species and $12{\%}$ were Staphylococcus species. During the semester, the average values of fungal concentrations at each situation ranged from 105 to $213\;MPN/m^{3}$, and the values during the vacation were $32\;MPN/m^{3}$ at classrooms and $83\;MPN/m^{3}$ in corridors. Fungal genera such as Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus were identified from the colonies. The obtained data can be considered as a step to set a guideline for bioaerosols in indoor environment of schools.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.289-318
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• 2013

This study was conducted to provide practical ways to apply observation assessments in classrooms. Observation assessments have been asserted to assess elements of mathematical processes which cannot be effectively assessed in traditional paper-and-pencil tests. In order to propose the ways for teachers to actively use observation assessment of mathematics assessments, relevant instruments were developed by analyzing a number of related theories. The observation assessments were applied in classroom settings and the results of this application were analyzed. The findings from this study are expected to suggest beneficial implications for teachers who are interested in practicing observation assessments in classrooms.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.627-635
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• 2020

Objectives: Indoor air quality has become more important aspeople spend most of their times indoors. Since students spend most of their times at home or at school, they are more likely to be exposed to indoor air pollutants. Ventilation in school classrooms can affect health and learning performance. In this study, ventilation deficiency was evaluated in school classrooms using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: This study used sensor-based monitoring for six months to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in classrooms in elementary, middle, and high schools. The volume of the classroom and the number of students were investigated, and the students' body surface area was used to calculate the CO2 emission rate. The distribution of ventilation rates was estimated by measured CO2 concentration and a mass-balance model using Monte Carlo simulation. Results: In the elementary, middle, and high schools, the average CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm, indicating that the ventilation rates were insufficient. The ventilation rates were deficient from July to August and in December, but showed relatively high ventilation rates in October. Forty-three percent of elementary schools, 56% of middle schools, and 62% of high schools showed insufficient ventilation rates. Conclusions: The ventilation rates calculated in elementary, middle and high schools were found to be quite insufficient. Therefore, proper management is needed to overcome the lack of ventilation and improve air quality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to propose the critical plans when renovate in elementary school through into the analysis the kinds of using space of elementary school and areal distribution of its part. In this study, there were 10 schools in Sokcho city, which schools were analyzed into the typical types and open classroom types. This study has been progressed in analysis of the drawings and materials of each elementary schools, and situation analysis through the visiting. The results of this study, there are many different kinds in the using spaces and areal distributions. Especially, the schools, which have the open classroom, have the excellent education environments. These results show that the education quality of the elementary school is not equal in themselves, so this is the contradiction of the changing trends of the education situation. So there needs a standard according to the number of the classrooms and the students.