• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.304-311
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity and nutritional status of children in low-income households. A cross sectional study involved a survey of households (n = 223) receiving the financial assistance. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eligible mothers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria such as non-pregnant, non-lactating mothers, aged 18 to 55 years with their youngest children aged 2 to 12 years, were purposively selected. The Radimer/Cornell hunger and food-insecurity instrument was administered and children's height and weight were measured. RESULTS: About 16.1% of the households were food secure, while 83.9% experienced some kind of food insecurity. Out of food insecure category, 29.6% households were food insecure, 19.3% women were individual food insecure and 35.0% fell into the child hunger category. Education of the mother (P = 0.047), household size (P = 0.024), number of children (P = 0.024), number of children going to school (P = 0.048), total monthly income (P < 0.001), income per capital (P < 0.001), number of household members contributing to the income (P = 0.018) and food expenditure (P = 0.006) were significant risk factors for household food insecurity. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in children were 61.0%, 61.4% and 30.6% respectively. Based on multinomial logistic regression, children in food-insecure households were 2.15 times more likely to be underweight and three times to be stunted than children in the food-secure households. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that household food insecurity is associated with the nutritional status of the children in the rural area of Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

The phenomena of memory have been shown to come out early in life and to develop drastically for early childhood. Therefore, the purpose of this study were examine the development of memory of Korean children and also to see the memory span of Korean children. the subjects in this study were 80 children (male and female each 40 children) from age 3 to age 6. These subjects were devide into two age groups (3~4 age, 5~6 age). the stimulus materials were the numbers and the words. The numbers in this study were chosen from the number problems of WISC. The 42 words which consisted of two phonemes were selected. The number of items was 3 to 9 on the first through the last trial. altogether 14 trials, 7 trials for numbers and 7 trials for words, were given to each subject. Free recall method was sued. The following conclusions could be made. 1. The memory span of Korean early childhood increased as the age of the children increased. 2. The primacy effect was appeared when the age increased. Therefore, rehearsal was appeared as the age of the Korean early childhood increased.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2015

Objectives: Parental socioeconomic status (SES) exerts a substantial influence on children's health. The purpose of this study was to examine factors determining children's private health insurance (PHI) enrolment and children's healthcare utilization according to PHI coverage. Methods: Korea Health Panel data from 2011 (n=3085) was used to explore the factors determining PHI enrolment in children younger than 15 years of age. A logit model contained health status and SES variables for both children and parents. A fixed effects model identified factors influencing healthcare utilization in children aged 10 years or younger, using 2008 to 2011 panel data (n=9084). Results: The factors determining children's PHI enrolment included children's age and sex and parents' educational status, employment status, and household income quintile. PHI exerted a significant effect on outpatient cost, inpatient cost, and number of admissions. Number of outpatient visits and total length of stay were not affected by PHI status. The interaction between PHI and age group increased outpatient cost significantly. Conclusions: Children's PHI enrolment was influenced by parents' SES, while healthcare utilization was affected by health and disability status. Therefore, the results of this study suggest disparities in healthcare utilization according to PHI enrollment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine whether the morphological features of the palatal rugae are associated with sex and age in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 300 diagnostic models of the palatal rugae of children and adolescents were collected. The models were classified into male and female and<13- and ≥13-year-old groups. The palatal rugae pattern, and the number and length of palatal rugae plicae, were analyzed. Results: The number of palatal rugae plicae was higher in females than in males, however, the difference was negligible. In the group aged 13 years or more, the number was higher in the male group on the left side. There was no association between the number of palatal rugae plicae and age group. The type I pattern was the most common in both males and females. The length of palatal rugae plicae was greater in males than in females. There was no association between the length of palatal rugae plicae and age group. Conclusions: The number and length of palatal rugae were associated with sex, but the morphological features of the palatal rugae could not distinguish between children and adolescents. These findings suggest that the palatal rugae have limited value for identification of individuals.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2009

This study aimed to explore the current status of playgrounds, children's libraries and youth centers as local community centers in support of children. Its data were collected from reviewing the relevant literature, interviews, surveys and web search. It was found that children's libraries were predominantly located in Seoul and Kyungki provinces. In comparison with other advanced countries, Korea had lower ratios of volumes of books and periodicals per the library user and of a number of staff per the user. It was also found that over a half number of playgrounds was placed in apartment areas. Since 1993, the long-term youth development plan has commenced the construction of various societal infrastructure such as local youth centers, counseling institutes, sex-culture centers and youth cultural zones. Based on these findings, some policy issues were raised.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2014

This study presents the prosodic characteristics of 'Motherese' and 'Teacherese (child care teacher and kindergarten teacher)'. 21 mothers and 24 teachers spoke to children in the child care center or kindergarten. Children are in their 4;00-6;11. Speech and articulation rate, number of accentual phrases (APs), number of intonational phrases (IPs), pitch-related factors (f0, pitch range, f0 standard deviation), and intonation slope (mean Absolute, f0, q-tone slope) were measured. 2 groups spoke 2 sentential types (interrogative_ alternative question, declarative_ coordinated sentence) in 2 situations (one accompanied with the children, the other done without children, but pretending as if they were in front of the children). The results indicate that teachers show more noticeable prosodic characteristics than mothers do.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.109-140
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• 2016

The primary objective of this study was to classify different family values and to examine how university students' perceptions of childbirth differ according to the types of family values. The sample for this study consisted of 601 university students living in the cities of Seoul, Incheon, and the Gyeonggi province. The data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed through an online survey. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation and cluster analysis, One-Way ANOVA and $X^2$ test are applied to analyze the data. The major results of this study are as follows: 1. The values of the university students regarding marriage, children, and familism were used as parameters to categorize the different types of family values on the cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the university students' family values could be classified into three types; "family-centered values", "individual-centered values", and "familism children-centered value". 2. The family values of the university students differed according to each student's gender, age, religion, socioeconomic status, gender-role attitude, and relationships with his or her father and or mother. 3. On average, the number of children that the students would like to have in the future is higher than the number of children that they actually plan to have. 4. The students' perceptions of family planning and low birthrate circumstances differed according to their family values. The university students categorized as having "family-centered values" planned to have the highest number of children in the future and thought that the low birthrate was a very serious issue, whereas the students with "individual-centered values" planned to have the lowest the number of children in the future. 5. To conclude the study, recommendations were made for the government to improve the low birthrate and for facilitate further research regarding this issue.

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2006

This study was conducted to examine the effects of mathematical activities with online mathematical contents on children's arithmetic development and attitudes toward mathematical activities. Pre- and post-tests were administered to 62 5-year-old children. Differences of children's arithmetic development level and attitudes toward mathematical activities were found between the experimental group using online mathematical contents and the control group using offline mathematical contents. All findings proved that online mathematical contents were effective and had positive influences on children's arithmetic development and attitudes toward mathematical activities. This supports the proposition that online mathematical contents can provide an important means to the improvement of children's mathematical development and attitudes toward mathematical activities.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to the willingness to have a child, parental age at first child's birth, and the planned number of children. The data came from the Korean General Social Survey from the Survey Research Center at Sung Kyun Kwan University. The sample data set included 488 men and women between the ages of 18 and 49. The major findings are as follows. First, gender, age, satisfaction with family relations, the value of marriage, the value of family succession, and willingness to increase spending on education significantly affected the willingness to have a child among unmarried and married participants without children. Second, among people willing to have a child, the factors that influenced parental age at first child's birth were gender, education, satisfaction with household economic condition, the value of marriage, and the willingness to increase spending on education. Third, across the sample, the planned number of children was decided by satisfaction of family relations, the value of childbirth, the value of marriage, and home ownership. Overall, the value of marriage was the factor most strongly associated with the three dependent variables. The more a person agree with living with their partner before marriage, the more willing they were to give birth, the younger they were when they became a parent, and the more children they planned to have. The higher satisfaction of family relations, the higher willingness to have a child, and the more children a participant planned to have. In addition, the more a participant was willing to increase spending on education, the higher their willingness was to have a child and the older they were when they became a parent.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1974

This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and atrial approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as 'early marriage and high fertility' backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward a late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the repid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child servival rates thresh medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that economic and traditional considerations, such as dependance in old age, and inheritance of the family line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of helding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size. 'for better living and for better education for their children were main rasons reted 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural areas. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son or children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behaivor for having son was increased compare to previous study.