• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2016

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a common side effect of medications. Panax ginseng is one of the best-known herbal medicines, and its individual constituents enhance renal function. Identification of its efficacy and mechanisms of action against drug-induced nephrotoxicity, as well as the specific constituents mediating this effect, have recently emerged as an interesting research area focusing on the kidney protective efficacy of P. ginseng. Methods: The present study investigated the kidney protective effect of fermented black ginseng (FBG) and its active component ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 against cisplatin (chemotherapy drug)-induced damage in pig kidney (LLC-PK1) cells. It focused on assessing the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases as important mechanistic elements in kidney protection. Results: The reduced cell viability induced by cisplatin was significantly recovered with FBG extract and ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 dose-dependently. The cisplatin-induced elevated protein levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p53, and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased after cotreatment with FBG extract or ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3. The elevated percentage of apoptotic LLC-PK1 cells induced by cisplatin treatment was significantly abrogated by cotreatment with FBG and the ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3. Conclusion: FBG and its major ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3, ameliorated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in LLC-PK1 cells by blocking the JNKep53ecaspase-3 signaling cascade.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.127-144
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS), work engagement (WE), and turnover intention (TI) among employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) characterized by whether or not to participate in the work-learning dual system (WLDS). Also, this study intends to explore the effectiveness of WLDS by examining significant differences between the two groups. To achieve the purpose of this study, we have conducted surveys between August and December in 2018. A total of 616 cases (321 cases from SMEs participating in WLDS and 295 cases from general SMEs) were finally selected and used for data analysis with structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of the study revealed that POS had a significant and positive effect on WE. Also, POS had a significant and negative effect on TI. In addition, the mediating effect of WE in the relationship between POS and TI was found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, the results revealed that the conditional indirect effect between POS and TI depending on participation in WLDS was statistically significant. However, the conditional direct effect between POS and TI due to WLDS participation was not statistically significant. Based on the results, academic and practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1830-1840
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• 2013

This study attempts to set a pathway on smoking cessation behavior and to verify it by an analysis of the students who smoke. The study was performed with an analysis of the data of 160 students at N university. There were statistically significant differences among the students who desired to quit smoking (or who expressed interest in quitting smoking) in the following areas: thoughts about smoking cessation, intention to quit smoking, health promoting behavior (HPB), and depression cognitive scale (DCS) (p<.01). The student's major was also shown to have a statistically significant influence on one's intention to quit smoking (p=.034) and HPB (p=.044). As thoughts about smoking cessation increased, HPB also showed a significant increase (p<.05). Additionally, as HPB scores increased, DCS scores decreased significantly (p<.001), and thoughts about smoking cessation increased, while DCS scores decreased significantly (p=.027). This study confirmed the pathway that the intention to quit smoking influences DCS by mediating the effects of HPB and that thoughts about smoking cessation influence DCS.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2008

In a power-asymmetry relationship like franchise system, a high dependent franchisee must often rely on its powerful partner. Therefore, in order to build up 'win-win' systems, therefore channel members should increase trust and commitment each other to enhance the relationship quality to sustain long-term cooperative relationships. First of all, to increase the relationship quality in franchise system, franchisor should increase franchisee's perception of the powerful franchisor's justice. The point of this research, I established basic hypotheses and comparative hypotheses to examine franchisor's behavior what franchisee expected which influences on franchisee's attitude and behavior in power - asymmetry relationship in franchise system. For the purpose of the empirical testing, managers of franchisee in the food service industry of Korea had been selected and analyzed, and major findings in this study as follow: First, the relational norm between franchisor and franchisee increased both distributive justice and procedural justice, especially relational norm had more effect on procedural justice than distributive justice. Second, distributive justice increased both economic commitment and social commitment while procedural justice just increased social commitment only but economic commitment. So, on the relational commitment, distributive justice was more important element than procedural justice. On the other hand, procedural justice had indirect effect on economic commitment through distributive and social commitment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.192-202
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine whether health promoting behavior was dependent on perceived health status and health attitude in adults, and whether health concern mediated the relationships among these variables. Structural equation modeling was applied to test a model in which perceived health status and health attitude were considered as exogenous variables while health concern as a mediating variable. The participants were 292 adults aged from 20 to 59 and completed the self-report measures. The results of the structural equation model showed that perceived health status and health attitude were positively associated with health concern and health promoting behavior. Health concern mediated the relationships between perceived health status and health promoting behavior, and also health attitude and health promoting behavior. The findings suggest that enhancing health attitude may play important roles to promote health promoting behavior in adults, and the development of various health education for adults in schools, work place, and health and medical organization might promote positive health attitude and health concern. Health education program in connection with preventive health examination also might contribute to activate health promoting behavior.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.206-224
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the formation of customer's repeated use that is real long-term commitment in franchise/chain coffee shops. 457 effective samples were analyzed using PASW 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of the analysis of the relationships between user experience, customer satisfaction, customer commitment and repeated use are as follows. First, it was presented that atmosphere, price fairness and coffee product quality had a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Second, customer satisfaction had a positive impact on customer commitment and repeated use. Finally, there was the mediating effect of continuous commitment between customer satisfaction and repeated use. Based on the results of the above analysis, the managerial implications for increasing repeated use of coffee shops are as follows. First, the strategy for enhancing performance of user experience is to try to improve atmosphere(facilities, ambient/lighting), price fairness, coffee product quality(taste, flavor, temperature). Second, the strategy for forming repeated use is to enhance customer commitment(affective commitment, continuous/normative commitment).

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is an anti-nutritional factor of soybean, affecting cell proliferation and inducing cytotoxicity. Integrins are transmembrane receptors, mediating a variety of cell biological processes. This research aims to study the effects of SBA on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of the intestinal epithelial cell line from piglets (IPEC-J2), to identify the integrin subunits especially expressed in IPEC-J2s, and to analyze the functions of these integrins on IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression and SBA-induced IPEC-J2 cell cycle alteration. The results showed that SBA lowered cell proliferation rate as the cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase (P < 0.05) was inhibited. Moreover, SBA lowered mRNA expression of cell cycle-related gene CDK4, Cyclin E and Cyclin D1 (P < 0.05). We successfully identified integrins ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}3$, ${\alpha}6$, ${\beta}1$, and ${\beta}4$ in IPEC-J2s. These five subunits were crucial to maintain normal cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in IPEC-J2s. Restrain of either these five subunits by their inhibitors, lowered cell proliferation rate, and arrested the cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle (P < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that integrin ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}6$, and ${\beta}1$ were involved in the blocking of G0/G1 phase induced by SBA. In conclusion, these results suggested that SBA lowered the IPEC-J2 cell proliferation rate through the perturbation of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, integrins were important for IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression, and they were involved in the process of SBA-induced cell cycle progression alteration, which provide a basis for further revealing SBA anti-proliferation and anti-nutritional mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.123-138
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• 2013

This paper was to figure out why online wine purchasing is not activated despite of the many advantages of having online transactions and to fine key determinants of online wine purchasing intention. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of online wine purchase intention, and examines the relationships between the determinants and online wine purchase intention. Data was collected from those who have experienced in using online wine store to purchase wine, and data was used to test the proposed research model. The findings showed that perceived usefulness and social influence(subjective norm, image) were key determinants of online wine site trust, but they were not related to online wine site trust. It also was found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and subjective norm were positively and significantly related to online wine purchase intention whereas it had no relationship with image. In addition, online wine site trust was shown to influence on online wine purchase intention. Finally, the mediating effects were found in the relationships between perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and online wine purchase intention. Based on the results of the study, implications for future research are drawn.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2021

The issue of controlling police corruption is very important that in terms of public services where police administration is in direct contact with citizens. In this study, individual, organizational, cultural, and legislative factors are classified as independent factor variables that contribute to police corruption, and the effect of these corruption factors on the level of police corruption, and the role of occupational identity and organizational citizenship behavior of police offices in this relationship are analyzed. A survey is conducted on the public citizens for empirical analysis of this study. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, organizational, cultural factors and legal-legislative factors have negative influence on the occupational identity. Second, legislative factors has negative influence on organizational citizenship behavior. Third, organizational, cultural and legislative factors have positive effects on police corruption. Finally, in terms of the effect of corruption factors on organizational citizenship behavior through occupational identity, organizational, cultural and legal-legislative factors had negative mediating effect on it.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.237-247
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level and intensity of emotional labor of physical therapists and occupational therapists, and to identify the factors affecting them. Cross-sectional study was conducted on physical therapists and occupational therapists across the country using self-populated questionnaire. A total of 2,000 questionnaires were distributed to retrieve 1,500 questionnaires(75%), of which 1,374 questionnaires(68.7%) were finally analyzed, excluding 126 that answered duplicates or were missing answers. Multi-linear regression was performed to identify factors on the strength of emotional labor. According to the analysis results, high-risk groups in the areas under 'Emotional demand and regulation' and 'Overload and conflict in customer service' and 'Emotional disharmony and hurt' were 29.4%, 19.0% and 22.0% respectively, especially in 'Emotional demand and regulation', 'Overload and conflict in customer service', 'Emotional disharmony and hurt' for women working days, and 49% of daily work hours. Accordingly, we will be able to regularly screen physical therapists and occupational therapists for dangerous groups, and manage the intensity of emotional labor through the creation of a therapist's working environment, such as limiting overtime hours and assigning appropriate number of patients. Through this study, the grounds and methods for mitigating the negative effects of emotional labor and mediating emotional labor should be provided.