• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.4
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• 2018

Pharmacopuncture, or herbal acupuncture, is a new form of therapy derived from combinations of two traditional therapeutic methods, herbal medicine and acupuncture therapy. To compare the efficacy between loratadine-pharmacopuncture (LP) and loratadine-oral administration (LO), the effect of loratadine was investigated in murine models. Anti-anaphylactic effects of loratadine treatments were investigated in compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). LP treatment significantly inhibited the compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction and PCA. The effect between LP and LO were on a similar level. These results indicate that LP can be used as an alternative method for LO in case of emergency.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2009

The Pulse diagnosis is in the boundary of the Four Examinations, and it is called 切診, or palpation. It has a great impact on people in reminding of the Traditional Medicine that it is probably the first thing that people think of when they hear about Traditional Medicine. Hu-Jun quoted in the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑" that the doctor finds out the deficiency and the excess of the meridian of the patiant through the pulse, and that it is of the utmost necessity to know the "deficiency and the excess" of the meridian to decide the formula (君臣佐使) of the herbal medicine and the acupuncture/moxibustion treatment. The research on the studies of pulse diagnosis have been concentrated on the origin, history, and the theory of the pulse diagnosis throughout the years; however, the number of research on the image from the classics on pulse diagnosis have been less. With this in mind, this paper was written to study more on the origin and the history of the pulse diagnosis as well as to study on the image of pulse diagnosis shown on the classics on Traditional Medicine in China and Korea. The history of the pulse diagnosis has its root on the attempt to find out what is happening inside the body through the indication of the small changes of the pulse that is shown on the outer boundaries of the body. There were various kinds of pulse diagnosis including "Three positions and nine indicators method" and "Carotid pulsation and wrist pulse method" in the ancient period, and wrist pulse-taking method became the most popular since the completion of studying on palpation by 初보. The image of the palpation helps the rudimentary practitioners of Traditional Medicine. They are divided into two large categories, which are the area of diagnosis and the shape of the pulse itself. The historical classics including the image of the pulse diagnosis can be found since the Song Dynasty of China. There are various kinds of image of pulse diagnosis in the classic such as "The picture of the hand meridian" from "脈訣指掌病式圖說", "The picture of the image of meridian" from "察病指南", "The picture of the Seven exterior and Eight interior" from "校正圖注脈訣", and "The picture of the six parts of meridian" from Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑". The Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑" have analyzed the basic theories and made up the standards of pulse diagnosis by establishing "The picture of the six parts of meridian" based on "The method of placing the viscera and bowels corresponding to cun-guan-qi, or the meridian".

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.789-798
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, I have researched the process of visceral structure in the Eight Constitutionals under circulation of the five elements and the formation of primary source of illness. From this research, I could draw following conclusions through combination of the auxiliary psycho-formulas by applying the constitutional acupuncture therapy on the five elements diagnostic calculation. Since the arrangement for the five dimensions of organs in the eight constitutions has been formulated by circulation of the five elements in Sasang constitutions, if the five elements begin circulating count-clockwise from the reference point at the organs in Sasang constitutional medicine, the positive constitutional arrangement of organs is built up such as, the positive constitution of metal, earth, wood and water, while begin circulating clockwise, the negative constitutional arrangement of organs is formulated, such as the negative constitutions of metal, earth, wood and water. The source of illness results from imbalance of the organic force being generated by transfer of the five elements from compatibility to incompatibility when the five elements circulate. Hence, it has been acknowledged that if the source of illness comes from the strongest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the second organ (the second strongest) in incompatibility, and if the source of illness comes from the weakest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the third organ (the middle) in incompatibility. It is considered proper to diagnose meridians of the pericardium and the Triple Burners rather than to diagnose meridians of the heart and the small intestine which forms the visceral arrangement of the eight constitutions. For instance, the auxiliary psycho-formula obtains its prescription by attenuating the first organ (the strongest) while augmenting the fourth organ (the second weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the second and the third organs, and it gets its prescription by attenuating the second organ(the second strongest) while augmenting the fifth organ(the weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the third and the fourth organs. In addition, when medicating, the $4{\sim}5$ times of repeated performance can be assumed to represent the amount of an energy that each organ bears depending on the phase in the arrangement of the eight constitutional organs.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.3
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• pp.444-500
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• 1989

I have felt seriously a desire to study and analyse the medicine of the period of the Three Kingdoms when I thought and studied the ancient medical history. Therefore in Chapter II I inquired into the background of Politico-social and the currency of thought. In the Chapter III inquired into the system of Medical politics in the period of the Three Kingdoms. In the Chapter IV inquired into the general view of the period of the Three Kingdoms. In the Chapter V inquired into the writings of Medicine and Doctors. From this study, I reached at following-conclusions. 1. The Three Kingdoms are politically opposed to each other, but socialo culturaly cooperated, connected each other to import the technique and thought which developed in China, so generally their system and life pattern are alike. 2. On the system of medical politcics Goguryeo(高句麗) had the system of court phisician, Baek jeo(百濟) had medical doctor and collector in the Ministry of Drug which took charge of teaching and medical treatment and specially had spellchanting doctor who treat epidermic and psychological diease untreated with herb and acupuncture, Shilla(新羅) had the system of Yak chun which was charge of teaching and treatment, and had the Chimbang(針房) which assist doctor in the system of Yagchun(藥典制度). 3. The medical interchange with China made the Three Kingdoms to import the medical books. So the theory of medicine was systematized and the art of treatment developed. In the aspect of Herb the Three Kingdoms and China actively exchange their own district product. 4. The medicine of Three Kingdoms accommodated Yin Yang Ohang theory(陰陽五行說), the theory of body compose with four element(四大 : 地水火風) and the theory of life cultivation and breathing(導引養生說) with Therefore in many aspect of oriental medicine basic theory and treatment would improved. 5. The epidermic diease occurred in period of Three Kingdoms, is represented Yeok(疫), that is after all Ohn Diease(溫病), and epidermic diease, is relfected by earthquake, heavy rain, terrible droughty and eclipse of sun. The treatment of this diease did not developed in that time, we presume that there are many persons killed. 6. As the record of five starr(五星), comet(彗星) and eclipse of sun was showed, the astronomy of oriental medicine in the Three Kingdoms was high level and it became the mothers womb of Korean astronomy. 7. The medicine of the Three Kingdoms, concreted with Chinese medicine and their own ancient one, was reflect on Japanese medicine to improve the medical theory and treatment. 8. The Three Kingdoms peculiarly published Korea Nosabang(高麗老師方) Baekjyeo Shinjipbang(百濟新集方), so this independent medicine reflected on the development of natural hurb(鄕約) of the period of Korea(高麗).

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

연구 배경 최근 한국 및 중국에서 근골격계 질환에 대한 도침술의 활용이 늘고 있다. 하지만 현재까지의 임상연구는 대부분 증례보고 형태에 그치거나, 충분한 근거가 확보되지는 않은 실정이다. 우리는 요천추신경병증환자의 치료에 있어 도침치료와 통상한의치료와의 비교를 통해 도침치료의 유효성, 안전성, 경제성 평가를 시행하기 위해 본 연구를 기획하게 되었다. 연구 방법 본 연구는 예비임상 연구로, 다기관에서 진행되며, 무작위대조군, 활성 대조군을 통한 2개군 병행집단 연구로 평가자 맹검을 시행하게 된다. 이 연구에서는 총 50명의 요천추신경병증 환자를 대상으로 2개군으로 균등하게 분배하여 도침술 또는 통상한의치료를 시행하게 된다(각군당 25명). 도침술 그룹의 경우 협척혈에 도침치료를 시행 받게 되며, 통상 한의치료군은 연구자 판단하에 도침술을 제외한 적절한 한의치료를 시행 받게 된다. 두 개의 그룹은 주당 2회씩 총 3주간 치료를 받게 된다. 일차 유효성 평가는 요통으로 인한 기능장애를 평가하기 위한 Oswestry disability index를 통해 시행한다. 이차 유효성 평가지표로는 numeric rating scale, European Quality of Life 5-Dimension 5-Level, short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores를 시행하게 된다. 고찰 본 예비임상연구의 결과는 추후 있을 요천추신경병증에 대한 도침치료 및 한의통상치료 비교효과 연구의 유효성, 경제성평가 본 임상연구를 위한 기초 정보 및 가능성을 확인하고 적절한 대상자수 산정에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-77
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• 2010

Objectives : It is known that abdominal obesity increases the possibility of cardiovascular diseases, early death, and metabolic syndrome including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Clinical trials have been under way to verify the effectiveness of treatment for abdominal obesity. The objective of this study is to set criteria about how effective oriental medicine and acupuncture are in abdominal obesity. Methods : I manually search "www.clinicaltrial.gov", 4 Korean medical databases and 4 Korean medical journals of abdominal obesity. Search terms used were "abdominal obesity" or "visceral obesity". In order to see detail review, searching was performed from 01, 01, 2005 to 11, 31, 2009. And I classified all the searched studies into design, intervention, purpose, end point, diseases, condition and etc. Results : 1. I could search total 67 trials in "www.clinicaltrial.gov". I found 9, 10, 13, 8, 6 clinical trial from 2005 to 2009 every year. 2. Test on both gender and adult or adult and senior have been most frequent. 3. Randomization clinical trial is 51 cases that occupied 96.2%. 38 cases use control group. 4. Body mass index(BMI) and waist circunference(WC) are major criteria of abdominal obesity clincal trial. WC, BMI, abdominal fat mass, body weight are measured at end point of abdominal obesity clincal trial. 5. I could search total 86 cases in domestic study. I found 15, 23, 23, 20, 5 cases from 2005 to 2009 every year. 6. Test on female and adult have been most frequent in domestic study. 7. Randomization clincal trial is only 2 cases that occupied 2.3%. 62 cases use control group in domestic study. 8. BMI, body fat percent, WC, visceral-subcutaneous fat ratio(VSR), waist-hip ratio(WHR) are criteria of abdominal obesity clincal trial in domestic study. WC, BMI, abdominal fat mass, body weight are measured at end point of abdominal obesity clincal trial in domestic study. Conclusions : To improve abdominal obesity study in traditional korean medicine, it is need to activate clinical trial, meta analysis, develope of clinical practice guidelines, co-works with conventional medicine and etc.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.55-68
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; LPS control (n=6), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at BL23 (n=6, BL23), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 (n=6, CV12), and LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at GV4 (n=6, GV4). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by intraperitoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Blood, liver tissue, and peritoneal lavage fluid were taken and proinflammatory cytokines and other related factors were analysed. Results : For proinflammatory cytokines, CV12 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control group in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 5 h after LPS injection (P<0.05). For plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, CV12 pharmacopuncture group also showed significant difference at 2 h compared with the control (P<0.05). GV4 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control at 5 h in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ and at 2 h in IL-10 (P<0.05). Liver cytokines were analyzed at 5 h after LPS injection; only CV12 pharmacopuncture group showed significant difference in IL-$1{\beta}$ (P<0.05) and others including IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 had no difference compared with the control group. CD4/CD8 ratio and the phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were not different from those of control group in all pharmacopuncture groups (P>0.05). Plasma NO3-/NO2- and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 of CV12 pharmacopuncture group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2, all 3 pharmacopuncture groups had significantly lower values than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference among pharmacopucnture groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cytokine-induced neutorphil chemoattractant-1 in peritoneal lavage fluid was significantly decreased in CV12 pharmacopuncture group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions : These results indicate that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potent anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.155-171
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• 2008

This study examined from "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" how medical exchange between doctors of Joseon and Japan affected medical science of Japan. "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" is a record that organized the written conversation between doctors and scholars of the Joseon and Edo period when the delegation so-called Joseon Tongsinsa visited Japan in 1719. Even though "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" was written by Japanese, but it was comprised of Joseon's advanced medical ideology, especially "DongEuiBogam" that has occupied an important part of the Joseon medical ideology. As a matter of fact, "SangHanChang HwaHunJiJip" contains general theme and medical subject. But until now, it has been hardly studied by medical historians. Many studies were generally made related to Joseon Tongsinsa, a governmental delegation, focused on literary and cultural exchange between Joseon and Japan by historians. "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" is no exception to this trend. We can find that doctors of the Joseon and Edo period entered into colloquium, a form of group discussion, about the clinical theme in "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip". Concretely, the conversation between doctors of Joseon and Japan was about infant disease, infectious disease, folk remedies, medical herbs, moxa cautery, acupuncture, the study of nature, the study of medical books, etc. For example, when doctors of Japan ask a confirmed disease, doctors of Joseon explained it particularly. They had a great effect on in every cultural aspect of Japan, especially its medical field. Through this study of the medical questions and answers in "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip", I came to know that the doctors of GiHae envoys gave great influence to the medical knowledge of Japan and the GiHae inherited and developed the medical tradition of SinMyo envoys. Through the examination of this study, I could deduct that "JeongJeongDongEuiBogam" which was published by the government of the Edo period is due to not only the contents of DongEuiBogam's advanced medical thought, but also the doctors of GiHae envoy. Also, "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" gives us an idea that doctors of GiHae envoys have medical trend of the OnBoHakFa and a group of Japanese doctors has medical trend of the study of nature. I am confident that the improvement of medical science and natural history of the Edo period is due to influence of medical exchange between Joseon and Japan. "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" confirms that medical exchange between two countries affected doctors and scholars of the Edo period.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2008

Qi is in the capacity of pivotal element to describe the life, based on the principles of remedy such as Qigong, meridian pathways, acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to identify the status of course offered Qigong and Qigong-related clubs in 11 college of oriental medicine. For survey courses offered Status of Qigong in 11 college of oriental medicine, I checked its homepage in august 2008. And about the facts that I could not verify information from the homepage, I obtained through the phone manner. For survey Qigong-related clubs in 11 college of oriental medicine, I phoned the president of union clubs and found out Qigong-related clubs. And then I phoned the presidents of Qigong-related clubs that consented before the fact, investigated the overall situation of clubs. Nine out of 11 college of oriental medicine offered course of Qigong. All of them are opened as major in a premedical course. Six universities have practical training. Six out of 11 college of oriental medicine had Qigong-related clubs. And the number of club is 12. The number of club in Daeguhaany university, 4, is the most. The number of membership of club in Daeguhaany university, 61, is the most too. Most of them are co-majoring both Jung-gong and Dong-gong. It is considered that in lecture of Qigong, It is in a need of lecturing in a regular course with clinical contents, rather than lecturing in a premedical course with basic contents. Of spontaneous club activities, after graduation so that they can get practical help for future. I think from now on we need to investigate deeply practical rate of satisfaction and the present condition of clubs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.619-630
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• 2009

To investigate the hair growth activity of fractions and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma in the hair removed skin of normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model in C57B/6N mice. These experiments were performed with the macroscopic, microscopic, immunohistochemical(VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha}$, TGF and FGF) and RT-PCR(TGF-${\beta}$, IGF, prolactin and placenta lactogen) methods. The results were as follows: Macroscopic observation after topical application of vehicle, 50% EtOH as control and extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma to the hair removed skin of C57BL/6N mice on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. Extensive hair growth activity was observed in treated group with extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma on the 9th, 11th and 15th day. In Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the normal mice on 15th day. But in control group, most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extract of Arisaematis Rhizoma increased expression of IGF(145%) and placenta lactogen(108%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). But expression of TGF-${\beta}$(90%) and prolactin(91%) decreased in the skin of normal C57B/6N mice on the 11th day compared to control group(100%). After application of fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) of Arisaematis Rhizoma extract for 9th day, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 50% of normal mice. But in control group, hair growth effect was not observed in whole skin area of normal mice. Immunoreactive density of VEGF, c-kit, PKC-${\alpha$ and FGF in skin of fractions of Arisaematis Rhizoma extracts was strongly stained in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells, cutaneous trunci m., subcutaneous tissue, root sheath compare to control group on the 9th day. In spontaneous alopecia areata model, The hair growth activity of Arisaematis Rhizoma extrat treated group(75%) was observed to be strong compared to control group(O%) on 7th day. These experiments suggest that fractions and extracts of Arisaematis Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity. Thus it can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.