• 농촌계획
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Eco-village has been regarded as an alternative to accomplish sustainable development for rural village. This study has intended to develop comprehensive planning indicators to establish an eco-village based on such aspects of sustainable development as economy, environment, and society. To reach this objective, this study has set up six goals as follows: 1) ecological production activities for agriculture, 2) resource circulation and energy independence in the economic domain; 3) building cultural and historical succession and community activation, and 4) living together with surrounding regions in social domain; and 5) maintaining environmental habitat, and 6) restoring natural ecosystem in environmental domain. Based on these goals, this study has developed the planning indicators to build an eco-village through case study, literature review, survey for suitability, and factor analysis. This study has found 17 strategies and 47 planning indicators in accordance with the six goals.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to make valuable suggestions for improving environmental education(EE) teaching materials. For the purpose of this study, we analyzed four secondary school EE textbooks in the perspective of environmental literacy components. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) As a whole, the EE textbooks tend to focus the understanding environmental knowledge much more than environmental activities. (2) In 'main text' domain of EE textbooks, environmental information, including environmental issue knowledge, is much more focused than environmental attitudes and behavior, including socio-political and environmental issue knowledge. (3) In 'graphic data' domain, environmental information about environmental issue knowledge was most prevalent. (4) Most learning activities focus on 'issue skill' component, rather than 'attitude' and 'action' component. (5) The objectives of EE in the 7th national Curriculum were not explicitly embedded in textbooks and too much is inclined toward 'knowledge' and 'skill'. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop 'module-type' EE textbooks to enable integrative EE. Also, it is suggested to develop specific strategies for linking environmental knowledge and attitude/behavior.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

포화된 흙의 전기적인 특성은 흙 주위에 있는 간극수의 전기전도도에 크게 의존하므로, 흙의 전기전도도 변화를 이용하여 지반속으로의 오염물 침투를 감지하는데 널리 활용되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 포화시료에 대해 염분비와 납의 농도 변화에 따른 흙의 전기적 특성 변화를 조사하는 것이다. 전기저항과 시간영역반사법 신호측정을 위한 센서를 매설한 원통형 셀 내부에 담수 및 염분 농도 1%, 2% 그리고 3%의 염수용액을 0~10mg/L 사이의 6가지 납 표준용액과 혼합하여 수용액을 준비하였다. 이후 수용액 속에 건조시킨 모래시료를 수중강사법을 이용하여 조성하였다. 조성된 포화시료에 대해 셀 내부에 설치된 센서들로부터 전기저항과 시간영역반사법 신호를 측정하고 이 결과로부터 전기전도도를 산정하였다. 실험 결과, 주파수 1kHz에서 측정된 전기저항으로 부터 산정한 전기전도도는 납의 농도가 증가함에 따라 연속적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으므로 전기저항으로부터 산정한 전기전도도가 오염정도를 파악하기 위해 사용될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시간영역반사법으로부터 산정한 전기전도도의 경우 저농도에서의 납의 농도 변화에도 전기전도도가 변화하지만, 납의 농도가 증가함에 따라 변화 정도는 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 시간영역반사법은 중금속 누출여부를 조사하는데 적합한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구는 전기저항과 시간영역반사법의 상호보완적인 특성을 활용한다면 해안 및 해양환경에서도 중금속의 누출 및 오염을 감지할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2002

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.365.1-365
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• 2001

• 대기
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2012

The objectives of this study are to develop a real-time drought monitoring and prediction system on the East Asia domain and to evaluate the performance of the system by using past historical drought records. The system is mainly composed of two parts: drought monitoring for providing current drought indices with meteorological and hydrological conditions; drought outlooks for suggesting future drought indices and future hydrometeorological conditions. Both parts represent the drought conditions on the East Asia domain (latitude $21.15{\sim}50.15^{\circ}$, longitude $104.40{\sim}149.65^{\circ}$), Korea domain (latitude $30.40{\sim}43.15^{\circ}$, longitude $118.65{\sim}135.65^{\circ}$) and South Korea domain (latitude $30.40{\sim}43.15^{\circ}$, longitude $118.65{\sim}135.65^{\circ}$), respectively. The observed meteorological data from ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) and AWS (Automatic Weather System) of KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration) and model-driven hydrological data from LSM (Land Surface model) are used for the real-time drought monitoring, while the monthly and seasonal weather forecast information from UM (Unified Model) of KMA are utilized for drought outlooks. For the evaluation of the system, past historical drought records occurred in Korea are surveyed and are compared with the application results of the system. The results demonstrated that the selected drought indices such as KMA drought index, SPI (3), SPI (6), PDSI, SRI and SSI are reasonable, especially, the performance of SRI and SSI provides higher accuracy that the others.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2023

With the release of numerous open driving datasets, the demand for domain adaptation in perception tasks has increased, particularly when transferring knowledge from rich datasets to novel domains. However, it is difficult to solve the change 1) in the sensor domain caused by heterogeneous LiDAR sensors and 2) in the environmental domain caused by different environmental factors. We overcome domain differences in the semi-supervised setting with 3-stage model parameter training. First, we pre-train the model with the source dataset with object scaling based on statistics of the object size. Then we fine-tine the partially frozen model weights with copy-and-paste augmentation. The 3D points in the box labels are copied from one scene and pasted to the other scenes. Finally, we use the knowledge distillation method to update the student network with a moving average from the teacher network along with a self-training method with pseudo labels. Test-Time Augmentation with varying z values is employed to predict the final results. Our method achieved 3rd place in ECCV 2022 workshop on the 3D Perception for Autonomous Driving challenge.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.372-383
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• 2016

This study aimed at analyzing the sensitivity of ozone simulation in accordance with the meteorological nudging for a high nocturnal ozone episode. To demonstrate the effectiveness of nudging methods (e.g., nudging techniques and application domains), the following six experiments were designed: (1) control without nudging, (2) experiment with application of observation nudging to all domains (domain 1~4), and (3)~(6) experiments with application of grid nudging to domain 1, domain 1~2, domain 1~3 and all domains, respectively. As a result, the meteorological nudging had a direct (improvement of input data) and indirect (estimate natural emission) effect on ozone simulation. Nudging effects during the daytime were greater than those during the nighttime due to low accuracy of wind direction during the nighttime. On comparison of the nudging techniques, the experiments in which grid nudging was applied showed more improved results than the experiments in which observation nudging was applied. At this time point, the simulated concentrations were generally similar to the observed concentrations due to the increase in the nudging effect when grid nudging was applied up to the sub-domain. However, for high nocturnal ozone uptakes, the experiment in which grid nudging was applied do domain 1~3 showed better results than the other experiments. This is because, when grid nudging was applied to the high resolution domain (e.g., domain 4 with 1 km), the local characteristics were removed due to the smoothing effects of meteorological conditions.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2011

The offshore plants such as FPSO are subjected to combination loading of environmental conditions (swell, wave, wind and current). Therefore the fatigue damage is occurred in the operation time because the units encounter the environmental phenomena and the structural configurations are complicated. This paper is a research for frequency domain fatigue analysis of wide-band random loading focused on accuracy of fatigue damage estimation regarding the proposed methods. We selected ideal bi-modal spectrum. And comparison between time-domain fatigue analysis and frequency-domain fatigue analyses are conducted through the fatigue damage ratio. Fatigue damage ratios according to Vanmarcke's bandwidth parameter are founded for wide-band. Considering safety, we recommend that Jiao-Moan and Tovo-Benasciutti methods are optimal way at the fatigue design for wide-band response. But, it is important that these methods based on frequency-domain unstably change the accuracy according to the material parameter of S-N curve. This study will be background and guidance for the new frequency-domain fatigue analysis development in the future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 1998

The computation size and accuracy in the boundary element method are mutually coupled and strongly influenced by the formulations in boundary discretization and integration. This aspect is studied numerically for two-dimensional elastodynamic problems in the frequency-domain. The localized nature of error is observed in the computed results. A boundary discretization criterion is examined. The number of integration points in the boundary integration is studied to find the optimum number for accuracy. Useful information is obtained concerning the optimization in boundary discretization and integration.