• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2022

Drone photogrammetry generally acquires images vertically or obliquely from above, so when photographing for the purpose of three-dimensional modeling, image matching for the ground of a building and spatial accuracy of point cloud data are poor, resulting in poor 3D mesh completeness. Therefore, to overcome this, this study analyzed the spatial accuracy of each drone image by acquiring smartphone images from the ground, and evaluated the accuracy improvement and completeness of 3D mesh when the smartphone image is not combined with the drone image. As a result of the study, the horizontal (x,y) accuracy of drone photogrammetry was about 1/200,000, similar to that of traditional photogrammetry. In addition, it was analyzed that the accuracy according to the photographing method was more affected by the photographing angle of the object than the increase in the number of photos. In the case of the smartphone image combination, the accuracy was not significantly affected, but the completeness of the 3D mesh was able to obtain a 3D mesh of about LoD3 that satisfies the digital twin city standard. Therefore, it is judged that it can be sufficiently used to build a 3D model for digital twin city by combining drone images and smartphones or DSLR images taken on the ground.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2010

The building process of any geological map involves linking sparse lithological outcrop information with equally sparse geometrical measurements, all in a single entity which is the preferred interpretation of the field geologist. The actual veracity of this interpretative map is partially dependent upon the frequency and distribution of geological outcrops compounded by the complexity of the local geology. Geophysics is commonly used as a tool to augment the distribution of data points, however it normally does not have sufficient geometrical constraints due to: a) all geophysical inversion models being inherently non-unique; and b) the lack of knowledge of the physical property contrasts associated with specific lithologies. This contribution proposes the combined use of geophysical edge detection routines and 'three point' solutions from topographic data as a possible approach to obtaining geological contact geometry information (strike and dip), which can be used in the construction of a preliminary geological model. This derived geological information should first be assessed for its compatibility with the scale of the problem, and any directly observed geological data. Once verified it can be used to help constrain the preferred geological map interpretation being developed by the field geologist. The method models the contacts as planar surfaces. Therefore, it must be ensured that this assumption fits the scale and geometry of the problem. Two examples are shown from folded sequences at the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.401-412
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• 2008

Simulations of three-dimensional numerical wave tank are performed to investigate wave force acting on a large cylindrical structure and consequent wave deformation, which are induced by bore after breaking waves. The numerical model is based on the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with a finite-difference method combined with a volume of fluid(VOF) method, which is capable of tracking the complex free surface, including wave breaking. In order to promote wave breaking of the incident wave, the approach slope was built seaward of the structure with a constant slope and a large cylindrical structure was installed on a flat bed. The incident waves were broken on the approach slope or flat bed by its wave height. In the present study, all waves acting on the large cylindrical structure were limited to breaking bore after wave breaking. The effects of the position of the structure and the incident wave height on the wave force and wave transformations were mainly investigated with the concern of wave breaking. Further, the relations between the variation of wave energy by wave propagation after wave breaking and wave force acting on the structure were discussed to give the understanding of the full-linear wave-structure interactions in three-dimensional wave fields.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2016

The study was conducted to confirm the analgesic effects of the Carbenoxolone(CBX)and P2X receptor antagonist(iso-PPADS), which separates the gap junction in the facial neuropathic pain model. The experiment used white male Sprague-Dawley rats (240~280g). The second left molars on the lower jaw was extracted to induce facial neuropathic pain, and small dental implants were implanted to induce damage to the inferior alveolar nerve. When CBX was injected twice daily to the abdominal cavity, a significant analgesic effect at 5ug/kg was observed(p<0.05). In addition, when iso-PPADS was injected twice daily into the abdominal cavity, a significant analgesic reaction was observed at $25{\mu}g/kg$(p<0.05). When the two drugs were injected together at a low concentration, in which they did not display an effect, they displayed a significant analgesic reaction at CBX 1ug/kg and iso-PPADS 2.5ug/kg(p<0.05). When a gap injunction block using a low concentration of CBX and a low concentration P2X receptor antagonist was injected together, the pain suppressing effect was observed against the orofacial neuropathic pain mechanism. These results make it possible to determine that the gap junction block using CBX and the injection of the P2X receptor antagonist plays an important role in the pain management of the facial region.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5501-5507
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• 2015

This study seeks to identify the duties and tasks of a social welfare worker when developing a combined death education program for welfare workers using DACUM method. The program would adopt both a medical and humanistic perspective that can be applied to real life. The study period was between March 2 to March 10, 2015. The study was conducted on eight DACUM committee members who are professors in the field of healthcare or humanities and social sciences. Their medical, humanistic and social viewpoints were investigated. The results show that the focus of the education needs to be on 'the acceptance and understanding of death' and 'healing the stress from loss and suicide prevention'as tasks under the duty of 'loss and mourning'. The tasks for the duty 'the need for death education'were identified as 'death in traditional society and death in contemporary society' as well as 'understanding of issues related to death'. The results show that there is a need to develop death education programs that emphasize healing for the acceptance and understanding of death from a humanistic perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.561-577
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• 2001

Urban spatial structure is closely related to the spatial distribution of urban economic activities. The spatial distribution pattern is no more than an aggregated expression of the location and/or relocation behavior of individual firms and establishments. In this respect, it is important to identify and examine the factors that affect the spatial behavior of individual firms for a more comprehensive understanding of urban space. Agglomeration economies are one of the most prominent urban economic phenomena in the modern metropolitan area. Most firms in an urban space seek external economies through the spatial clustering of their activities. Agglomeration economies feature prominently in the analysis of urban economic structure across urban areas. While the agglomeration economies between cities focus at the macro-scale of analysis, such economies within any given city focus more on the micro geographical scale. There have been a number of researches on agglomeration economies, among which there are relatively few approaches based on an intra-urban context. This proper explores the agglomeration economies at the micro scale and tries to reseal the spatial realization of the agglomeration economies within and between sectors. Three sectors are considered in the analysis; manufacturing, retail and service. The model is based on simultaneous equation systems combined with spatially weighted variables and estimated by the KRP estimators.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2003

This paper presents a novel hybrid classifier for face recognition with artificially generated virtual training samples. We utilize both the nearest neighbor approach in feature angle space and a connectionist model to obtain a synergy effect by combining the results of two heterogeneous classifiers. First, a classifier called the nearest feature angle (NFA), based on angular information, finds the most similar feature to the query from a given training set. Second, a classifier has been developed based on the recall of stored frontal projection of the query feature. It uses a frontal recall network (FRN) that finds the most similar frontal one among the stored frontal feature set. For FRN, we used an ensemble neural network consisting of multiple multiplayer perceptrons (MLPs), each of which is trained independently to enhance generalization capability. Further, both classifiers used the virtual training set generated adaptively, according to the spatial distribution of each person's training samples. Finally, the results of the two classifiers are combined to comprise the best matching class, and a corresponding similarit measure is used to make the final decision. The proposed classifier achieved an average classification rate of 96.33% against a large group of different test sets of images, and its average error rate is 61.5% that of the nearest feature line (NFL) method, and achieves a more robust classification performance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2015

The primary aim of this study was to investigate biosecurity practices in pig farms and to determine the major risk factors associated with PCV2 infection for a sampled swine population in Korea. To this end, we analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 296 farrow-to-finish farms, which was conducted between March and September 2014 to explore the prevalence of swine disease at farm level. Face-to-face interviews by on-site visit of trained veterinarians were conducted with the farm owners or managers using a standardized questionnaires with information about basic demographical data and management practices. Farms were classified as negative or positive through the use of infection profiles that combined data on serological testing including PCR antigen test result, antibody titer and sero-conversion pattern at each age category taking into account vaccination status. Data were analyzed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Results from this study indicated that biosecurity level of the farms was considered not good given low compliance of the biosecurity programs and facilities in the farm: off-site removal of dead stocks (7%), off-site location of storage facility for incoming feeds (12.6%), off-site pick-up location for finishers (19.3%), restrictions on feed supplier vehicles for farm entrance (19.6%), restriction of finisher trucks entering the farm (22.4%), and restriction on manure disposal trucks entering the farm (26.4%). In the final model (n = 255), allowance of finisher truck driver to the pig unit had increased risk of infection (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.22-4.67) whereas farms with a sign forbidding the entrance had decreased risk of infection (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.10-0.58). Further comprehensive research with larger sample size is required to better understand the multifactorial characteristic that some predisposing risk factors that were not available in this study. To the best knowledge of the authors, this was the first study to use empirical data to report risk factors associated with PCV2 infection in the Korean pig farms. Results from the current study could be used to decide optimal biosecurity measures to reduce the impact of PCV2 infection to farmers and policy makers.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.201-216
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• 2017

Objective: This research aimed to understand patients' perceptions of Korean medicine treatment for osteoporosis in a clinical trial setting. Methods: Ten patients participating in a clinical trial of a herbal medicine drug for osteoporosis were invited to an interview. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and patient observations. This qualitative study adopted the case study research method, and within-case and cross-case analyses were conducted. Results: A model of the patients' osteoporosis management planning was derived from the study. The results showed that the patients' perceptions of osteoporosis were derived from their knowledge and experience during diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Two groups of patients were recognized: those who overlooked the importance of osteoporosis and those who recognized the importance of osteoporosis. Before making treatment decisions about osteoporosis, the patients evaluated the treatment options and weighed the advantages and disadvantages of each option. When evaluating their treatment, the patients combined their knowledge and experience of Korean and western medicine treatments. Their experience of participating in the clinical trial influenced the management planning of osteoporosis. Two major reasons for low compliance with osteoporosis treatment were ignorance of the disease and insufficient information provided by doctors. Conclusion: The results of this qualitative study pointed to four strategies that could be employed to improve accessibility to Korean medicine treatment for osteoporosis: the dissemination of comprehensive information on osteoporosis in the clinic and mass media, promotion of Korean medicine therapies for osteoporosis, management of clinical trial participants, and insurance coverage for Korean medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.371-384
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• 2012

Objectives : The meridian system is a systematic complex of empirical knowledge, which functions as a basis of acupuncture treatment. In this article, we reviewed the visualization methods of meridian and acupuncture points through the investigation of the characteristics of Diagram of Meridians, Mingtang Diagram, Diagram of Meridians and Collaterals, Bronze Statues and Diagram of Bronze Statue. Methods : We investigated the characteristics of Diagram of Meridians, Mingtang Diagram, Diagram of Meridians and Collaterals, and Bronze Statues. We reviewed the visualization methods of meridian and acupuncture points in those classical Diagrams and analyzed their relationships among them. Results : In order to explain the meridian and acupuncture points easily, ancient people usually used drawings which are named Mingtang Diagram, Diagram of Meridians and Collaterals, by their own characteristics. Owing to their limitations of drawings on the 2 dimensional plane, Chinese people designed the Bronze Statue for Acu-moxibustion and its first invention was invented in Tiansheng age of Song dynasty. For several decades and centuries, these models and drawings were inherited, also reflecting variations of meridian system. As the Bronze Statue has a deficiency in the educational use because of its limitations of mass production, Diagram of Bronze Statue drawn on the 2 dimensional plane was invented. At the beginning of Mingtang Diagram, Diagram of Meridians and Collaterals, Diagram of Bronze Statue and Bronze Statue, their own characteristics were significantly differed with other diagrams and statues. We found that both diagrams and statues were gradually combined with description of the relationship between internal organs and the skeletal structure and the meridian system. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that Diagram of Meridians, Mingtang Diagram, Diagram of Meridians and Collaterals, and Bronze Statues are the basic form of data visualization, one of the infographics. We suggest that ancient Chinese people intend to explain the empirical knowledge using the ancient infographics of meridian system, but have limitations on reflecting theorical or abstractional meaning.