• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2003

목적: 발육 중인 백서 태아 대뇌 피질에서 방사선조사에 의한 아포토시스 반응에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다 대상 및 방법: 임신 백서의 태령 17 내지 19일(E17$\~$E19)에 선형가속기의 X-ray를 이용하여 어미 쥐의 복부에 방사선을 조사하였다. 방사선량에 따른 아포토시스를 보기 위하여 1, 2, 3, 4 Gy를 전후 조사면으로 방사선조사를 시행하고 5시간 후 백서 태아의 뇌를 획득하였다. 시간 경과에 따른 아포토시스를 보기 위하여 E7$\~$E19에 2 Gy의 방사선을 조사한 후 1, 3, 6, 12, 24시간에 각각 백서 태아의 뇌를 획득하였다. 대조군은 방사선을 조사하지 않은 임신 쥐를 같은 조건하에서 사육하여 각 군당 3마리씩 할당하였다. 아포토시스 세포는 면역조직화학적 방법(TUNEL, In situ 707-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)으로 염색하여 관찰하였다 결과: 백서 태아 대뇌 피질에서 TUNEL 양성인 세포는 광학현미경하에서 전형적인 아포토시스의 형태학적 특징을 나타내었다 대조군에서는 대뇌 피질의 전 층에서 TUNEL 양성세포를 거의 발견할 수 없었다. 1 Gy의 방사선 조사 후 5시간에 대뇌피질 전 층에서 미약하게 관찰되었으나 2 Gy에는 전 층에서 1 Gy 경우보다 더 증가하였고 그중 뇌실대와 중간대에서 피질대보다 더 많이 나타났다. 조사된 1$\~$4 Gy 범위에서 방사선량이 증가할수록 TUNEL양성세포가 더욱 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 2 Gy의 방사선 조사 후 3시간부터 TUNEL양성세포가 관찰 되기 시작하여 방사선 조사 후 6시간에 최고점을 이루었으며 이는 24시간까지 지속되었다. 결론: 발육 중인 백서 태아 대뇌피질에서 방사선에 의한 아포토시스의 전형적인 형태학적 특징을 관찰할 수 있었다. 아포토시스는 뇌실대와 중간대에서 피질대보다 더 많이 나타났으며 이는 줄기세포와 초기의 분화세포에서 방사선조사에 대한 감수성이 더욱 민감함을 시사하였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 2008

When cheonggukjgang was manufactured using a Bacillus subtilis CH10-1 starter culture, a short-term fermentation for 14-18 hr appeared to be the optimal for the raw cheonggukjang to avoid the formation of a bitter taste and to contain a high concentration of free sugars, whereas a long-term fermentation for more than 4 days was the optimal for the cheonggukjang for stew in order to contain a high concentration of free amino and organic acids, which are responsible for sweet, savory, and bitter tastes present in stewed cheonggukjang, During activation of murine splenic T cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the presence of either poly-$\gamma$-glutamic acid ($\gamma$-PGA) or partially hydrolyzed $\gamma$-PGA resulted in reduction in the level of interferon-$\gamma$ production and enhancement in the level of interleukin-5 production, possibly due to suppression of Th1 activity and augmentation of Th2 activity. Taken together these results indicate that the raw cheonggukjang and the cheonggukjang for stew are different in their quality and taste as well as immunomodulating activity.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2024

Purpose: We investigated the role of CD8⁺T cells as host immune factors in pediatric patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Methods: Gastric mucosal tissue and blood samples were collected from 39 children, including 11 children with H. pylori infection and 28 children as controls. Anti-CD8 and anti-T-bet antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry of the gastric mucosa. For the cell surface and intracellular staining, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with anti-IL7Rα, anti-CX3CR1, anti-CD8, anti-T-bet, and anti-IFN-γ antibodies. Cytokines of sera such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and CX3CL1 were analyzed using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In the immunohistochemistry of gastric mucosa, the frequency of CD8⁺ and T-bet⁺ T cells cells was higher in the H. pylori-positive group than in the control group (26.9± 7.8% vs. 16.9±3.3%, p<0.001; 5.0±2.5% vs. 2.2±0.7%, p=0.001). Between the control and H. pylori-positive groups, the frequency of IL-7Rα^lowCX3CR1⁺ CD8⁺ and T-bet⁺ INF-γ⁺ CD8⁺ T cells were not significantly different between surface and intracellular staining, respectively (40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914; 40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914). In the ELISA, no significant differences in TNF-α and CX3CL1 concentrations were observed between the control and H. pylori-positive groups (34.3±12.1 pg/mL vs. 47.0±22.6 pg/mL, p=0.114/0.5± 0.1 pg/mL vs. 0.5±0.1 pg/mL, p=0.188). Conclusion: CD8⁺ T and Th1 cells, which secrete IFN-γ, might play important roles in the mucosal immunity of the stomach in children with H. pylori infection.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2015

On the study of the characteristics and life cycle of mesoscale convective band in type of airmass that occurred in the Honam area from June to September for only 4 years in the period of 2009~2012, 10 examples based on the amount of rainfall with AWS 24 hours/60 minutes rainfalls, Mt. Osung radar 1.5 km CAPPI/X-SECT images and KLAPS data for convective band with heavy rainfall event were selected. There were analyzed and classified by using the convective band with heavy rainfall occurred along the convergence line of sea wind in the form of individual multi-cellular cell and moving direction of convective band appeared in a variety of patterns; toward southwestern (2 cases), northeastern (4 cases), congesting (2 cases), and changing its moving direction (2 cases). The case study dated of the 17th Aug. 2012 was chosen and implemented by sequentially different evolution of its shape along the convergence line of sea wind cell and moving direction of convective band as equivalent potential temperatures at the lower layer have increased to the upper layer 500 hPa, that the individual cells were developed vertically and horizontally through their merger, but owing to divergence caused by weakened rainfall and descending air current, the growth of new cell was inhibited resulting in dissipation of convective cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1892-1895
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• 2017

IK can downregulate interferon-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression through the MHC class II transactivator, which suggests that IK can inhibit the interactions between immune cells. We delivered adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) encoding the genes for truncated IK (tIK) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) to DBA1/J mice via intravenous injection. Seven weeks after injection, collagen-induced arthritis was induced in the AAV2-treated mice. AAV2-tIK injection reduced the severity of arthritis and the percentage of pathogenic Th17 cells compared with AAV2-GFP injection. These results suggest a novel gene therapy strategy for treatment of inflammatory arthritis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of present study was to assess the anti-oxidant potential of water-soluble peptides (WSPs) extract derived from buffalo and cow milk Cheddar cheeses at different stages of ripening. Methods: The antioxidant potential of WSPs extract was assessed through 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulfonic acid (ABTS)-radical scavenging activity. In addition, impact of WSPs extract on cell viability and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 (tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced) cell lines was also evaluated. Results: The ABTS-radical scavenging activity increased progressively with ripening period and dose-dependently in both cheeses. However, peptide extract from buffalo milk Cheddar cheese demonstrated relatively higher activity due to higher contents of water-soluble nitrogen. Intracellular ROS production in Caco-2 cells decreased significantly (p<0.05) till 150th day of cheese ripening and remained constant thereafter. Additionally, dose-dependent response of WSPs extract on antioxidant activity was noticed in the Caco-2 cell line. Conclusion: On the basis of current in vitro study, the Cheddar cheese WSPs extract can protect intestinal epithelium against oxidative stress due to their antioxidant activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Sojagangqi-tang(SJGQT) on the immune cell activity. The addition of SJGQT enhanced the proliferation of cultured-mice splenocytes and thymocytes. Administration of SJGQT(250 mg/kg) accelerated the subpopulation of splenic T lymphocytes especially CD/sup 4+/-TH cells in BALB/c mice. But high concentration(500 mg/kg) of SJGQT decreased the splenic T, B lymphocytes and thymic Tc (CD/sup 8+/) lymphocytes. Oral administration of SJGQT(250 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice serum. And also, the addition of SJGQT(100 ㎍/ml) inhibited the proliferation of cultured-Jurkat leukemia cells in vitro. These results suggest that SJGQT have a cellular immuno-modulatory effect and anti-cancer property action

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 1994

8-10 week old ICR mice were infected intracerebrally and intraperitoneally with different encephalomyocarditis virus(K$_3$, $K_{11}$, ATT-VR 129) to observe histopathological and immunohistochemical change. Results obtained throuh the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. No differences in clinical signs by the virus strains and the inoculation routes were found. Mice infected with EMCV showed clinical signs after 3 days of inoculation. Main clinical signs were tremors, convulsions, circling movement, and uni or bilateral hindleg paralysis followed by death on the 3-8 days. In general, most of the infected animals died or recovered closely on the 8th day of postinoculation. 2. At necropsy, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in lung were observed and no specific findings in other were observed. 3. In histopathological observation, neuroal cell degeneration perivascular mononucear cell in-filtration gliosis were appeared in central nervous system. Myocarditis with myocardial degeneration and necrosis, calcification were observed along with acinar cell necrosis of exocrine glands in pancreas, severe glomerulonephritis in kidney. Also, focal necrosis of hepatocytes and interstitial pneymonia hyperemia, hemorrhages in lungs were observed. 4. By immunohistochemical staining using ABCIT method, the positive cells were recognized in intracytoplasm of acinar cell in pancreas and intracytoplasm of neuronal cells in cerebrum.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2023

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including metabolism, cancer, circadian rhythm, cerebellar development, and inflammation. Although RORα is expressed in the skin, its role in skin physiology remains poorly elucidated. Herein, Rorα was expressed in the basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis; however, keratinocyte-specific Rorα deletion did not impact normal epidermal formation. Under pathophysiological conditions, Rorα-deficient mice exhibited alleviated psoriasis-like symptoms, including relatively intact epidermal stratification, reduced keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and low-level expression of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. Unexpectedly, the splenic population of Th17 cells was significantly lower in keratinocyte-specific RORα deficient mice than in the control. Additionally, Rorα-deficiency reduced imiquimod-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 in keratinocytes. Therefore, we expect that RORα inhibitors act on immune cells and keratinocytes to suppress the onset and progression of psoriasis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.24
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• 2023

Intestinal microorganisms interact with various immune cells and are involved in gut homeostasis and immune regulation. Although many studies have discussed the roles of the microorganisms themselves, interest in the effector function of their metabolites is increasing. The metabolic processes of these molecules provide important clues to the existence and function of gut microbes. The interrelationship between metabolites and T lymphocytes in particular plays a significant role in adaptive immune functions. Our current review focuses on 3 groups of metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids metabolites, and polyamines. We collated the findings of several studies on the transformation and production of these metabolites by gut microbes and explained their immunological roles. Specifically, we summarized the reports on changes in mucosal immune homeostasis represented by the Tregs and Th17 cells balance. The relationship between specific metabolites and diseases was also analyzed through latest studies. Thus, this review highlights microbial metabolites as the hidden treasure having potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets through a comprehensive understanding of the gut-immune interaction.