• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2006

Objectives : This study has attempted to establish an organized system for the microbiological quality of raw materials which are important factors in preparing the standard for microbial limits. Methods : This study has first set up microbial contamination limit test. total aerobic microbial count and total fungi count, int accordance with testing method of the Korea Pharmacopeia 8th edition in order to establish an inspection standard for microbial contamination. Results : The microbial contamination of 18 items that are highly prone to contamination by three regions(Seoul, Daejeon, Gyeongsangbuk-do), As a result, Morus alba Linne and Rehmannia glutimosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino showed as high contaminated by WHO's Microbial Contamination Limit standard. In case of Yukjin medicine in the Theory of Herb Medicinal Properties, total bacterial contamination rate showed as 17.7%, total fungal contamination rate showed as 41.2% and total aerobic mircobial count and total fungi count on Ephedra sinica Stapf. Pinellia ternate Breitenbach, Evodia officinalis Dode showed as high measured. The microbial conatmination rate materials which make up Yukmijihwanghwan were mostly high therefore the total aerobic microbial count was measured as high in case of Yukmijihwanghwan, the characteristics about microbial contamination strain is to be researched. Conclusions : By combining the basic data and experimental results related to microbial contamination of herb medicine, the most ideal storage standards for herb medicine has been attempted to be presented.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.237-266
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• 2009

In 1631 A.D. Jeong Duwon, an ambassador of the Joseon dynasty was sent to the Ming dynasty. There he met $Jo\tilde{a}o$ Rodrigues, a Jesuit missionary, in Dengzhou of Shandong peninsula. The missionary gave the ambassador a number of results of latest European innovations. A detailed description on this event was written in 'Jeong's official report regarding a message from an European country'(西洋國奇別狀啓), which is an important literature work to understand the event. Since the document was written in classical Chinese, we make a comprehensive translation to Korean with detailed notes. According to the report, the items that Rodrigues presented include four books written in Chinese that describe European discoveries about the world, a report on the tribute of new cannons manufactured by Portuguese in Macao, a telescope, a flintlock, a Foliot-type mechanical clock, a world atlas drawn by Matteo Ricci, an astronomical planisphere, and a sun-dial. We discuss the meaning of each item in the Korean history of science and technology. In particular, Jeong's introduction is an important event in the history of Korean astronomy, because the telescope he brought was the first one to be introduced in Korean history. Even though king Injo and his associates of the Joseon dynasty were well aware of the value as military armaments of new technologies such as telescopes, cannons, and flintlocks, they were not able to quickly adopt such technologies to defend against the military threat of Jurchen. We revisit the reason in view of the general history of science and technology of east-Asian countries in the 17th century.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1987

Tegumental ultrastructures of Echinochasmus japonicus were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The worms were recovered from albino rats which were experimentally infected with the metacercariae obtained from Pseudorasbora parva. Followings are summarized findings. 1. The worms were minute and plumpy gourdshaped with attenuated anterior and round posterior end. The tegument of whole body was wrinkled transversely and covered with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. 2. Head crown was armed with 24 collar spines which were embedded in cytoplasmic pockets. The spines were arranged in a row with an interruption at dorsomedian line, however, the 2nd and the 4th spines were outstretched more than others. Oral and ventral suckers were muscular with numerous type II sensory papillae, and genital pore opened between the two suckers. 3. Tegumental spines were spade-shaped with broad base and pointed tip. They were compact in ventra-lateral tegument or dorsal surface of anterior body. They were not found between the two suckers and dorsal surface of posterior body. 4. Two types of sensory papillae, uni-ciliated (Type I) and roundly swollen sensory papillae (Type II), were observed. The type I papillae were chiefly distributed on ventral surface of tegument and type II were on the lips of suckers. Arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumental spines or sensory papillae are regarded as characteristic features of E. japonicus.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2015

We identified research trends for freshwater exotic species in South Korea using text mining methods in conjunction with bibliometric analysis. We searched scientific and common names of freshwater exotic species as searching keywords including 1 mammal species, 3 amphibian-reptile species, 11 fish species, 2 aquatic plant species. A total of 245 articles including research articles and abstracts of conference proceedings published by 56 academic societies and institutes were collected from scientific article databases. The search keywords used were the common names for the exotic species. The $20^{th}$ century (1900's) saw the number of articles increase; however, during the early $21^{st}$ century (2000's) the number of published articles decreased slowly. The number of articles focusing on physiological and embryological research was significantly greater than taxonomic and ecological studies. Rainbow trout and Nile tilapia were the main research topic, specifically physiological and embryological research associated with the aquaculture of these species. Ecological studies were only conducted on the distribution and effect of large-mouth bass and nutria. The ecological risk associated with freshwater exotic species has been expressed yet the scientific information might be insufficient to remove doubt about ecological issues as expressed by interested by individuals and policy makers due to bias in research topics with respect to freshwater exotic species. The research topics of freshwater exotic species would have to diversify to effectively manage freshwater exotic species.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.967-983
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the science camp program on Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes for the Scientific Gifted Students. For this purpose, this research developed the science camp program. This program was totally consisted 30 lessens. there was 2 part in this program. It contained Astronomic Space Science(14 class), Aerospace Science(16 class). To find the effects of the science camp program on Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes for the Scientific Gifted Students. 20 participants was selected. these students were attended at a scientific gifted class(5th grade) of an elementary school located in Ulsan. First, Science Process Skills was used to find the effect of the science camp program And the results were analyzed by SPSSWIN 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. the science camp program was a positive effects on Science Process Skills of the Scientific Gifted Students(t=8.649, p=.000). Second, the science camp program was a positive effects on Scientific Attitudes of the Scientific Gifted Students(t=3.431, p=.003). According to this research, the science camp program on Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes for the Scientific Gifted Students. It will be contribute on the curriculum construction of the gifted school or gifted class.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary flavonoids intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 223 subjects (mean age; $27.3{\pm}4.2$ yrs, range; 17-38 yrs) were divided into the MetS group (n = 27) and non-MetS group (n = 196). Dietary intake data were assessed by 24-hour recall method for two non-consecutive days and the average of the two days was used to estimate the usual dietary intake. Dietary habits were assessed using the Mini Dietary Assessment (MDA) score. We analyzed the intakes of six flavonoid classes (anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, and iso-flavones) using a flavonoids database. Results: After adjustment for age, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, and oral contraceptive use, dietary flavonols intake was significantly lower in the MetS group ($5.1{\pm}2.4$ mg/d) than in the non-MetS group ($8.9{\pm}2.8$ mg/d) (p = 0.0472). Intakes of other flavonoids except for flavonols did not differ between the two groups. In MDA scores, significant differences were observed only for that related to daily consumption of fruit or fruit juice (p = 0.0180). A significant inverse relationship was observed between flavonols intake and the risk of MetS (4th vs. 1st quartile, OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02-0.62, p for trend = 0.0131). Conclusion: These results suggest that higher intake of flavonols may be beneficial for MetS in PCOS women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2007

Purpose: The present study intended to reveal the association between the physique of adolescent women and dysmenorrhea, and the factors related to the frequency of dysmenorrhea. Methods: The study subjects included 511 girls of a women's high school in Daejeon city and they were, during the period of March 1st through April 30th, 2005, given self-administered questionnaires about frequency of menstruation, age, physique, exercise, and such menstruation-related items as age of menarche, menstrual period and days, and amount. Results: As with the frequency of dysmenorrhea, 38.4% experienced it 「always」, 44.6% 「occasionally」, and 17.0% 「almost scarcely」, and those with dysmenorrhea accounted for 83.0% of the subjects. The frequency of dysmenorrhea was not significant difference according to the BMI and HPI. However, the lower the age of menarche and the greater the amount of menstrual flow, the more frequent dysmenorrhea. The symptoms of dysmenorrhea included the highest frequency of low back pain(68.5%) and it was followed by abdominal pain(65.9%), sensibility(54.0%), fatigue(51.7%), and nervousness(49.5%). These accompanied symptoms tended to be worse as the frequency of dysmenorrhea increased. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the relative risk of frequency of dysmenorrhea is 2.2 times in age of 14, by a standard age of 15 as menarchial age, 2.2 in 13, and 3.1 in below 12. The menstrual days was 3.0 times in both below 2 days and over 8 days with the standard days of 3-7 days. The menstrual amount was 1.9 times in the group with a greater amount of menstrual bleeding and 1.5 times in the group with a less amount than the normal group, respectively. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the rate of experiencing dysmenorrhea was up to 83.0% and 38.4% from these had dysmenorrhea upon every menstruation. It is thought that dysmenorrhea could be a great disadvantage sufficient to impair optimal health to a larger body of school girls. Further, for quality of life, it is required that more fundamental strategies instead of pain killers or others for palliation of dysmenorrhea would be established among adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2001

High salt content in food waste limit use as the potential source of compost. Since sodium chloride content should be lower than one percent to meet requirement for agricultural use of compost, we attempted use of three kinds of co-composting material for food wastes compost, which were fermented, dried, and fresh types of amendments which included pig manure, sawdust and puffed rice hull. Food wastes were composted well and stabilized after around the 40th days of composting. Little difference were found between composts amended sawdust and puffed rice hull. The result indicated that puffed rice hull could be used as a good alternative of sawdust. Because sawdust or puffed rice hull were mixed as amendments to control water contents and to dilute high NaCl content of compost material, the C/N ratios of the final products were significantly high over 40. However, NaCl contents of final products were dropped to less than percent on the fresh weight basis by mixing food wastes and the above amendments with the optimum rates.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1990

A 6${\times}$4 top-cross set was made from the ten silkworm parental lines selected by the first principal component scores. They were also analysed for the relationship between the combining ability and the first principal component score. The highest general combining ability effects were detected in the parental lines of Japanese, N39 and chinese, C46, for the most quantitative characters in the study. The first principal component score of factors related to silk productivity in the parents was significantly and positively correlated to the general combining ability of the twelve characters such as cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell percentage, duration of the 5th instar larvae, total larval period, length of a bave, weight of a have, non-breaking length of a bave, non-breaking weight of a have, raw silk percentage, and neatness. Similarity distance (D$^2$) was related to the specific combining ability of the characters such as cocoon yield, non-breaking length of a bave, non-breaking weight of a have, non-breaking ratio of a bave, raw silk percentage, neatness. From the results, it is possible to predict the general combining ability effects by the principal component scores for the 12 characters of the parents related to silk productivity.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.684-693
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose is to establish a safe facility environment from abnormal voltages such as lightning by developing a smart land resistance measuring device that can acquire real-time land resistance data using Arduino. Method: This paper studied design models and application cases by developing a land resistance acquisition and analysis system with Arduino and a power line communication (PLC) system. Some sites in the wind power generation complex in Gyeongsangnam-do were selected as test beds, and real-time land resistance data applied with new technologies were obtained. The electrode arrangement adopted a smart electrode arrangement using a combination of a Wenner four electrode arrangement and a Schlumberger electrode arrangement. Result: First, the characteristic of this technology is that the depth of smart multi-electrodes is organized differently to reduce the error range of the acquired data even in the stratigraphic structure with specificity between floors. Second, IT convergence technology was applied to enable real-time transmission and reception of information on land resistance data acquired from smart ground electrodes through the Internet of Things. Finally, it is possible to establish a regular management system and analyze big data accumulated in the server to check the trend of changes in various elements, and to model the optimal ground algorithm and ground system design for the IT convergence environment. Conclusion: This technology will reduce surge damage caused by lightning on urban infrastructure underlying the 4th industrial era and design an optimized ground system model to protect the safety and life of users. It is also expected to secure intellectual property rights of pure domestic technology to create jobs and revitalize our industry, which has been stagnant as a pandemic in the post-COVID-19 era.